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Solving ICSE Class 10 English Language Previous Year Question Papers ICSE Class 10 English Language Question Paper 2017 is the best way to boost your preparation for the board exams.

ICSE Class 10 English Language Question Paper 2017 Solved

Question 1.
(Do not spend more than 35 minutes on this question.) [25]

Write a composition (350-400 words) on any one of the following:
(a) Write an original short story that begins with the words: “It was raining hard that night. In my hurry to get into the house, I didn’t notice the black car parked across the road. I realized something was wrong when ”
(b) “School days are the happiest days of our lives.” Express your views either for or against this statement.
(c) Narrate an incident from your own experience when you helped a friend who was in trouble. Explain what happened. What did you do to make the situation better ?
(d) There has been heavy rain in your city/town. You went to school but found that it was closed because of the rain. Describe the sights and sounds near the school and narrate how you finally reached home and spent the rest of the day.
(e) Study the picture given below. Write a story or a description or an account of what it suggests to you. Your composition may be about the subject of the picture or you may take suggestions from it; however there must be clear connection between the picture and your composition.

Answer:
(a) Value Points

• came home quite late at night
• casually glanced, a black car was
• heard a scream, something was wrong
• came out, saw the car leaving
• entered the neighbour’s house
• Mrs. Sareen, lying in pool of blood, stabbed
• jewellery and cash looted
• police informed, Mrs. Sareen taken to hospital, life saved

(b) Value Points

• school days, the best period of life, happiest days
• full care and protection from parents, teachers
• carefree life, no tension, no worry
• friends, loved more than brothers/sisters
• happiest news of unexpected holiday
• memories of school days, school friends, never forgotten

(c) Value Points

• Naresh, my best friend, very shy, modest
• didn’t see him for a month, went to his residence
• father seriously ill, treatment going on at home
• doctor advised, be admitted in hospital
• Naresh unwilling to do it, would not tell the reason
• didn’t have money, encouraged him
• sold my gold bracelet, gave him money, stayed with him in hospital
• father remained in hospital, three days, recovered

(d) Value Points

• continuous rainfall, twenty four hours
• school closed, heavy rains, disturbed the life
• pools of water, here and there, road badly damaged
• vegetable shop closed, canvas sheet fell down, two huts near it submerged in water
• stray animals, hungry, roaming on the road
• deep pits on the road, difficulty in driving bike
• reached home with difficulty
• kept thinking about the fury of excessive rains

(e) Value Points

• animal lovers, like to keep animals, some keep elephants
• elephant huge eater, elephant keepers move about with elephants
• ask for alms to feed the elephant, provide a joy ride to children
• the girl, daughter of some elephant keeper, loves it
• elephant grown old in the family, like a family member
• recognizes the affectionate touch of the family members

Question 2.
(Do not spend more than 20 minutes on this question.) [10] Select any one of the following:

(a) A number of loose electric wires are hanging from a lamp post near the main gate of your school. Write a letter to the Municipal Commissioner explaining the problem, the danger it poses and suggest a quick solution.
(b) You were a part of an organizing committee for an interschool event which was very successful. You and the other committee members were congratulated and praised at the school assembly by the Principal. Write a letter to your grandmother telling her about the event and your feelings at being recognized and praised in front of the school.
Answer:
(a) 154, Swam Park
Ludhiana
March 23, 20….
The Municipal Commissioner
Ward No. 38

Sir

I am writing this to draw your attention to a very serious problem. Near the main gate of our school (Little Blossoms Model School, Swam Park), a number of loose electric wires are hanging from a lamp post. May be some of them are ‘live’ wires. After the school time when groups of students come out of the school, feet of some students get entangled in these wires. I have a grave apprehension that these loose wires may become the cause of some accident if they are not attended to immediately.

I would, therefore, like to request you to take help of the electricity department and, please, get these loose wires disposed off.

Yours Sincerely
Pawan Sharma

(b) Girl’s Hostel
KRM Public School
Nakodar
Jan. 27, 20 …

Dear Grandma

I hope everything is fine at your end. I am going to share with you a piece of good news. You will be glad t to know that I was highly praised and congratulated by the principal of our school today. My joy knew no bounds. I was one of the members of an organising committee.

We organised an inter-school declamation contest in our school last week. It was a grand success. My duty was to invite students from different schools and to provide them refreshment in the school canteen. I played my part so well that all the guest speakers Went back happily. Today in a meeting the principal praised all the members of the organizing committee. He made a special mention of my name. After the meeting my friends also congratulated me. More when I come home.

Yours affectionately
Neerja

Question 3.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Every Monday, on his way back from work, Bipin Chowdhury would drop in at New Market to buy books. He had to buy at least five at a time to last him through the week. He lived alone, was not a good mixer, had few friends, and didn’t like spending time in idle chat. Those who called in the evening got through their business quickly and left. Those who didn’t show signs of leaving would be told around eight o’clock by Bipin Babu that he was under doctor’s orders to have dinner at eight-thirty.  [10]

After dinner he would rest for half an hour and then turn in with a book. This was a routine which had persisted unbroken for years.
Today, Bipin Babu had the feeling that someone was observing him from close quarters. He turned round and found himself looking at a round-faced, meek-looking man who now broke into a smile. [20]

‘I don’t suppose you recognize me.’
Bipin Babu felt ill at ease. It didn’t seem that he had ever encountered this man before. The face seemed quite unfamiliar.
‘Have we met before?’asked Bipin Babu.
The man looked greatly surprised. ‘We met every day for a whole week. I arranged for a car to take you to the Hudroo falls. My name is Parimal Ghose.’
‘Ranchi ?’
Now Bipin Babu realized this man was making a mistake. [30]
Bipin babu had never been to Ranchi. He smiled and said,
‘Do you know who lam?’
The man raised his eyebrows, and said, ‘Who doesn’t know Bipin Chowdhury?’
Bipin Babu turned towards the bookshelves and said, “You’re making a mistake, I’ve never been to Ranchi.’
The man now laughed aloud. [40]

What are you saying, Mr. Chowdhury? You had a fall in Hudroo and cut your right knee. I brought you iodine. I had fixed up a car for you to go to Netarhat the next day, but you couldn’t because of the pain in the knee. Can’t you recall anything? Someone else you know was also in Ranchi at that time. Mr. Dinesh Mukherjee. You stayed in a bungalow. You said you didn’t like hotel food. I’ll tell 50 you more: you always carried a bag with your books in it on your sightseeing trips. Am I right or not?’ [50]

Bipin Babu spoke quietly, his eyes still on the books.
‘Which month in Nineteen fifty- eight are you talking about?’
The man said, ‘October.’
‘No, sir,’ said Bipin Babu. ‘I spent October Nineteen fifty- eight with a friend in Kanpur. You’re making a 60 mistake. Good day.’ [60]

But the man didn’t go, nor did he stop talking.

‘Very strange. One evening I had tea with you on the veranda of your bungalow. You spoke about your family. You said you had no children, and that you had lost your wife a decade ago.

When Bipin Babu had paid for the books and was leaving the shop, the man was still looking at him in utter disbelief.

Bipin Babu’s car was safely parked in Bertram Street. He told the driver as he got into the car, ‘Just drive by the Ganga, will you, Sitaram.’ Driving up the Strand Road, Bipin Babu regretted having paid so much attention to the intruder. He had never been to Ranchi. He had an excellent memory.

Unless he was losing his mind!

(a) Give the meaning of the following words as used in the passage: [3]
One word answers or short phrases will be accepted.

1. persisted (line 14)
2. decade (line 66)
3. intruder (line 75)

Answer:

1. continued
2. ten years
3. unwanted person who interferes

(b) Answer the following questions briefly in your own words. (z) How did Bipin Chowdhury find time to read five books a week ? [2]
(ii) How did he get rid of visitors who stayed late ? [2]
(iii) Which sentence tells you that Bipin Babu was uncomfortable ? [2]
(iv) What strong argument did Bipin Babu give to prove that he was not in Ranchi at that time ?
(v) What does Bipin Babu regret? [2]
(vi) What are Bipin Babu’s feelings at the end of the passage? [2]
Answer:
(i) Bipin found time to read five books a week because he lived alone, had few friends and didn’t waste time in idle chat.
(ii) He told them plainly that he was under doctor’s orders to have dinner at eight thirty. Thus he got rid of them.
(iii) Bipin Babu felt ill at ease.
(iv) Bipin Babu told him that in October, nineteen fifty eight, he was in Kanpur, so the question of his being in Ranchi does not arise.
(v) Bipin Babu’s regret was that he had paid so much attention to the intruder unnecessarily.
(vi) At the end of the passage Bipin has the feeling that perhaps he is losing his mind.

(c) (i) What memories of the trip does Parimal Ghose evoke to prove that Bipin Babu was indeed in Ranchi ? Answer in not more than 60 words. [8]
(ii) Give a title to your summary in 3(c)(i). Give a reason to justify your choice of the title. [2]
Answer:
(i) Parimal Ghose reminds Bipin that while in Ranchi he had a fall in Hudroo and had cut his right knee. Parimal had brought him iodine. He had also fixed up a car to take Bipin to Netarhat the next day, but he had not been able to go due to pain in the knee. Parimal also mentions the name of Mr. Dinesh, Bipin’s acquaintance, he was also in Ranchi then. Parimal also told Bipin that he always carried a bag with books even on sight-seeing trips and he didn’t like hotel food.

(ii) Bipin’s Trip to Ranchi
This title is appropriate because the whole passage contains what happened in Ranchi when Bipin went there.

Question 4.
(a) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correctform of the word given in brackets. Do not copy the passage, but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space. [4]

Example:
Answer: (0) started
My mother (0) _________ (start) school when she (1) _________ (be) six and (2) _________ (stop) the same term. She was unusual in the village as she had a father and brother who (3) _________ (encourage) her to go to school. She was the only girl in a class of boys and claims she was brighter than the boys. But every day she (4) _________ (will) leave behind her girl cousins (5) _________ (play) at home and she (6) _________ (envy) them. There (7) _________ (seem) to be no point in (8) _________ (go) to school just to end up doing housework. [4]
Answer:
(1) was
(2) stopped
(3) encouraged
(4) would
(5) playing
(6) would envy
(7) seemed
(8) going

(b) Fill in each blank with an appropriate word: [4]

1. She shouted angrily _________ the disobedient boy.
2. I asked them to provide us _________ a guide.
3. The tree grew at a dangerous slant and had to be cut _________
4. My daughter believes _______ fairies.
5. He drew a beautiful diagram _________ the board.
6. She battled her way _________ the crowd.
7. We were asked to gather _________ the teacher.
8. They had to climb _________ the steep pathway to reach the top.

Answer:

1.  at
2. with
3. down
4. in
5. on
6. through
7. round
8. up

(c) Join the following sentences to make one complete sentence without using and, but or so : [4]

(i) This is the hospital. I was born here.
Answer:
This is the hospital where I was born.

(ii) The children have been sick for a week. They were unable to go to school.
Answer:
Having been sick for a week, the children were unable to go to school.

(iii) Mrs. Kumar has been a teacher for thirty years. She will now retire.
Answer:
Mrs. Kumar who has been a teacher for thirty years will now retire.

(iv) We have had no respect for nature. Now we are suffering from the effects of global warming.
Answer:
As we have had no respect for nature, we are now suffering from the effects of global warming.

(d) Re-write the following sentences according to the instructions given after each. Make other changes that may be necessary, but do not change the meaning of each sentence: [8]

(i) Not many people read for pleasure these days.
(Begin : Few ………………)
Answer:
Few people read for pleasure these days.

(ii) Since her childhood Meera has been good in Mathematics.
(End: ………………… childhood.)
Answer:
Meera has been good in Mathematics since her childhood.

(iii) “We have had no rain since January”, Ramu said.
(Begin : Ramu said that they ………………..)
Answer:
Ramu said that they had no rain since January.

(iv) It is dangerous as well as illegal to drive a motorcycle without a helmet.
(Begin : It is not ……………..)
Answer:
It is not only dangerous but also illegal to drive a motorcycle without a helmet.

(v) He had plenty of wealth but he was not happy.
(Begin : In spite ………………)
Answer:
In spite of having plenty of wealth he was not happy.

(vi) He was so tired that he could not stand.
(Use: too)
Answer:
He was too tired to stand.

(vii) Everyone of them was an experienced mountaineer.
(Begin : There was no …………………)
Answer:
There was no inexperienced mountaineer among them.

(viii) I have never seen a film as bad as this.
(Begin : This is …………………..)
Answer:
This is the worst film that I have ever seen.

Solving ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Previous Year Question Papers ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Question Paper 2019  is the best way to boost your preparation for the board exams.

ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Question Paper 2019 Solved

Time: 2 hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

• Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
• You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.
• This time is to be spent in reading the Question Paper.
• The time given at the head of this paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
• Section I is compulsory. Attempt any four questions from Section II.
• The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

Section – I (40 MARKS)
(Attempt all questions from this Section)

Question 1.
(a) Choose the correct answer from the options given below: [5]
(i) An electrolyte which completely dissociates into ions is:
(A) Alcohol
(B) Carbonic acid
(C) Sucrose
(D) Sodium hydroxide
Answer:
(D) Sodium hydroxide

(ii) The most electronegative elementfrom the following elements is:
(A) Magnesium
(B) Chlorine
(C) Aluminium
(D) Sulphur
Answer:
(B) Chlorine

(iii) The reason for using Aluminium in the alloy duralumin is:
(A) Aluminium is brittle
(B) Aluminium gives strength
(C) Aluminium brings lightness
(D) Aluminium lowers melting point
Answer:
(C) Aluminium brings lightness

(iv) The drying agent used to dry HCl gas is :
(A) Conc. H₂SO₄
(B) ZnO
(C) Al₂O₃
(D) CaO
Answer:
(A) Conc. H₂SO₄

(v) A hydrocarbon which is a greenhouse gas is :
(A) Acetylene
(B) Ethylene
(C) Ethane
(D) Methane
Answer:
(D) Methane

(b) Fill in the blanks with the choices given in brackets : [5]
(i) Conversion of ethanol to ethene by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid is an example of ………………………… . (dehydration /dehydrogenation /dehydrohalogenation)
Answer:
dehydration

(ii) When sodium chloride is heated with concentrated sulphuric acid below 200°C, one of the products formed is ………………………… (sodium hydrogen sulphate / sodium sulphate / chlorine)
Answer:
sodium hydrogen sulphate

(iii) Ammonia reacts with excess chlorine to form ………………………… . (nitrogen /nitrogen trichloride /ammonium chloride)
Answer:
nitrogen trichloride

(iv) Substitution reactions are characteristic reactions of ………………………… (alkynes / alkenes / alkanes)
Answer:
alkanes

(v) In Period 3, the most metallic element is ………………………… (sodium /magnesium/aluminium)
Answer:
sodium

(c) Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the following reactions: [5]
(i) Reduction of copper (II) oxide by hydrogen.
(ii) Action of dilute sulphuric acid on sodium hydroxide.
(iii) Action of dilute sulphuric acid on zinc sulphide.
(iv) Ammonium hydroxide is added to ferrous sulphate solution.
(v) Chlorine gas is reacted with ethene.
Answer:
(i) CuO + H₂ → Cu + H₂O
(ii) 2NaOH + H₂SO₄ → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O
(iii) ZnS + H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄ + H₂S
(iv) FeSO₄ + 2NH₄OH → (NH₄)₂SO₄ + Fe(OH)< sub>2↓
(v)

(d) State one observation for each of the following: [5]
(i) Concentrated nitric acid is reacted with sulphur.
Answer:

(ii) Ammonia gas is passed over heated copper (II) oxide.
Answer:

The black colour copper oxide will change to reddish pink copper.

(iii) Copper sulphate solution is electrolysed using copper electrodes.
Answer:
When copper sulphate solution is electrolysed using copper electrodes, reddish pink deposit of copper metal takes place on cathode.

(iv) A small piece of zinc is added to dilute hydrochloric acid.
Answer:
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂↑
Zinc metal dissolves forming solution with the liberation of hydrogen gas which bums with blue flame and gets extinguished with pop sound.

(v) Lead nitrate is heated strongly in a test tube.
Answer:

White powder of lead nitrate decompose to form yellow coloured lead oxide and liberating dense brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide gas.

(e) (i) Calculate: [5]
1. The number of moles in 12 g of oxygen gas. [O = 16]
2. The weight of 1022 atoms of carbon.
[C = 12, Avogadro’s No. = 6 × 10²³]
Answer:
(i) 1. Oxygen gas (O₂)
Molecular mass = 16 × 2 = 32 g
32 g of oxygen gas → 1 mole
1 g of oxygen gas → \(\frac{1}{32}\) mole
12 g of oxygen gas → \(\frac{1}{32}\) × 12 mole = 0.375 mole

2. 6.022 × 10²³ atoms of carbon weigh → 12 g
1 atom of carbon weighs → \(\frac{12}{6 \times 10^{23}}\)
10²² atoms of carbon will weigh 12
→ \(\frac{12}{6 \times 10^{23}}\) × 10²² = \(\frac{12}{60}=\frac{1}{5}\) = 0.2 g

(ii) Molecular formula of a compound is C₆H₁₀O₃ Find its empirical formula.
Answer:
Molecular formula = C₆H₁₈O₃
Take the common multiple
Molecular formula = (C₂H₆O)₃
Molecular formula= (Empirical formula)
Thus, empirical formula = C₂H₆O

(f) (i) Give the 1UPAC name of the following organic compounds: [5]

Answer:
1. Prop – 1 – yne or propyne
2. Ethanal

(ii) What is the specialfeature of the structure ofethyne?
Answer:
H — C ≡ C — H
Special feature of the structure of ethyne is the presence of triple bond.

(iii) Name the saturated hydrocarbon containing two carbon atoms.
Answer:

(iv) Give the structural formula ofAcetic acid.
Answer:
Acetic acid (CH₃COOH)

(g) Give the appropriate term defined by the statements given below: [5]
(i) The formula that represents the simplest ratio of the various elements present in one molecule of the compound.
(ii) The substance that releases hydronium ion as the only positive ion when dissolved in water.
(iii) The tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself when combined in a covalent compound.
(iv) The process by which certain ores, specially carbonates, are converted to oxides in the absence of air.
(v) The covalent bond in which the electrons are shared equally between the combining atoms.
Answer:
(i) Empirical formula
(ii) Acid
(iii) Electronegativity
(iv) Calcination
(v) Non-polar covalent bond

(h) Arrange the following according to the instructions given in brackets: [5]
(i) K, Pb, Ca, Zn. (In the increasing order of the reactivity)
(ii) Mg²⁺, Cu²⁺, Na¹⁺, H¹⁺ (In the order of preferential discharge at the cathode)
(iii) Li, K, Na, H (In the decreasing order of their ionization potential)
(iv) F, B, N, O (In the increasing order of electron affinity)
(v) Ethane, methane, ethene, ethyne. (In the increasing order of the molecular weight) [H = 1, C = 12]
Answer:
(i) Pb < Zn < Ca < K
(According to the position in reactivity series)

(ii) Na¹⁺ < Mg²⁺ < H¹⁺ < Cu²⁺
(According to electrochemical series of metals)

(iii) H > Li > Na > K
(Smaller the size greater is the ionization potential)

(iv) B < N < O < F
(Smaller the size more is the electron affinity)

(v)

Section – II (40 Marks)
Attempt any four questions from this Section

Question 2.
(a) Draw the electron dot structure of: [3]
(i) Nitrogen molecule [N = 7]
(ii) Sodium chloride [Na = 11, Cl = 17]
(iii) Ammonium ion [N = 7, H = 1]
Answer:
(i) Nitrogen molecule

Nitrogen atom shares three electrons forming a triple covalent bond.

(ii) Sodium chloride

Sodium loses one electron to chlorine forming a positive ion and chlorine gains one electron forming a negative ion. These ions form an electrovalent bond and are held strongly by electrostatic forces of attraction.

(iii) Ammonium ion

Ammonia donates its lone pair to proton forming ammonium ion.

(b) The pH values of three solutions A, B and C are given in the table. Answer the following questions: [3]

Solution	pH value
A	12
B	2
C	7

(i) Which solution will have no effect on litmus solution ?
(ii) Which solution will liberate CO₂ when reacted with sodium carbonate ?
(iii) Which solution will turn red litmus solution blue ?
Answer:
(i) C (Because pH 7 is neutral)
(ii) B (Because acids liberate CO₂ gas when treated with carbonates and acids have pH less than 7)
(iii) A (Bases turn red litmus blue and they have pH more than 7)

(c) Study the extract of the Periodic Table given below and answer the questions that follow. Give the alphabet corresponding to the element in question. DO NOT repeat an element. [4]

(i) Which element forms electrovalent compound with G?
(ii) The ion of which element will migrate towards the cathode during electrolysis?
(iii) Which non-metallic element has the valency of 2 ?
(iv) Which is an inert gas ?
Answer:
(i)

(ii) A [Positive ions migrate towards cathode, hence A will form A+ and migrate towards cathode]
(iii) E
(iv) F

Question 3.
(a) Name the particles present in : [3]
(i) Strong electrolyte
(ii) Non-electrolyte
(iii) Weak electrolyte
Answer:
(i) Only ions
(ii) molecules
(iii) Ions as well as molecules

(b) Distinguish between the following pairs of compounds using the reagent given in the bracket. [3]
(i) Manganese dioxide and copper (II) oxide, (using concentrated HCl)
(ii) Ferrous sulphate solution and ferric sulphate solution, (using sodium hydroxide solution)
(iii) Dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulphuric acid, (using lead nitrate solution)
Answer:

(c) Choose the method ofpreparation of the following salts, from the methods given in the list: [4]
[List: A. Neutralization
B. Precipitation
C. Direct combination
D. Substitution]
(i) Lead chloride
(ii) Iron (II) sulphate
(iii) Sodium nitrate
(iv) Iron (III) chloride
Answer:
(i) Lead chloride → Precipitation(B)
(ii) Iron (II) sulphate → Substitution (D)
(iii) Sodium nitrate → Neutralisation (A)
(iv) Iron (III) chloride → (Direct combination) (C)

Question 4.
(a) Complete the following equations : [3]
(i) S + conc. HNO₃ →
(ii) C + conc. H₂SO₄ →
(iii) Cu + dil.HNO₃ →
Answer:
(i) S + 6HNO₃ → H₂SO₄ + 6NO₂ + 2H₂O
(ii) C + 2H₂SO₄ → 2H₂O + CO₂ + 2SO₂
(iii) 3Cu + 8HNO₃ → 3Cu(NO₃)₂ + 2NO + 4H₂O

(b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the preparation of: [3]
(i) Ethene from bromoethane
(ii) Ethyne using calcium carbide
(iii) Methane from sodium acetate.
Answer:

(c) Name the following organic compounds : [4]
(i) The compound with 3 carbon atoms whose functional group is a carboxyl.
(ii) Thefirst homologue whose generalformula is C_nH_2n.
(iii) The compound that reacts with acetic acid to form ethyl ethanoate.
(iv) The compound formed by complete chlorination of ethyne.
Answer:
(i) propanone
(ii) ethene
(iii) ethanol
(iv) 1, 1, 2, 2 tetrachloro ethane

Question 5.
(a) Give the chemical formula of: [3]
(i) Bauxite
(ii) Cryolite
(iii) Sodium aluminate
Answer:
(i) Al₂O₃. 2H₂O
(ii) Na₃AlF₆
(iii) NaAlO₂

(b) Answer the following questions based on the extraction of aluminium from alumina by Hall-Heroult s Process : [3]
(i) What is the function of cryolite used along with alumina as the electrolyte ?
(ii) Why is powdered coke sprinkled on top of the electrolyte ?
(iii) Name the electrode, from which aluminium is collected.
Answer:
(i) Cryolite acts as a solvent and lower the fusion temperature from 2050°C to 950°C.
(ii) A layer of powdered coke is sprinkled over the surface of the electrolyte to reduce the heat loss by radiation and prevent the carbon rod from burning in air.
(iii) Cathode

(c) Match the alloys given in column I to the uses given in column II: [4]

Column I	Column II
(i) Duralumin	A. Electrical fuse
(ii) Solder	B. Surgical instruments
(iii) Brass	C. Aircraft body
(iv) Stainless Steel	D. Decorative articles

Answer:
(i) Duralumin → Aircraft body
(ii) Solder → Electrical fuse
(iii) Brass → Decorative articles
(iv) Stainless steel → Surgical instruments

Question 6.
(a) Identify the substances underlined: [3]
(i) The catalyst used to oxidise ammonia.
(ii) The organic compound which when solidified, forms an ice like mass.
(iii) The dilute acid which is an oxidizing agent.
Answer:
(i) Platinum
(ii) Acetic acid
(iii) Nitric acid

(b) Copper sulphate solution reacts with sodium hydroxide solution to form a precipitate of copper hydroxide according to the equation : [3]
2NaOH + CuSO₄ → Na₂So₄ + Cu(OH)₂↓
(i) What mass of copper hydroxide is precipitated by using 200 gm of sodium hydroxide ?
[H = 1, O = 16, Na = 23, S = 32, Cu = 64]
(ii) What is the colour of the precipitate formed?
Answer:
(i)

98 g of CU(OH)₂ is precipitated by using 80 g of NaOH
1 g of CU(OH)₂ is precipitated by using \(\frac{80}{98}\) g of NaOH
200 g of Cu(OH)₂ is precipitated by using \(\frac{80}{98}\) × 200g
= 163.26 of NaOH

(ii) Pale blue precipitates

(c) Find the empirical formula and the molecular formula of an organic compound from the data given below:
C = 75.92%, H = 6.32% and N = 17.76%o
The vapour density of the compound is 39.5.
[C = 12, H = 1, N = 14] [4]
Answer:

Empirical Formula ⇒ C₅H₅
Vapour density = 39.5
Molecular Mass = 2 × V.D.
= 2 × 39.5 = 79
Empirical formula Mass
= 12 × 5 + 5 × 1 + 1 × 14
= 60 + 5 + 14 = 79
n = \(\frac{\text { Molecular formula mass }}{\text { Empirical formula mass }}\)
= \(\frac{79}{79}\) = 1
Thus, both Empirical formula and Molecular formula are C₅H₅N.

Question 7
(a) Name the gas evolved in each of the following cases : [3]
(i) Alumina undergoes electrolytic reduction.
(ii) Ethene undergoes hydrogenation reaction.
(iii) Ammonia reacts with heated copper oxide.
Answer:
(i) Oxygen
(ii) Ethane
(iii) Nitrogen

(b) Study the flow chart given and give balanced equations to represent the reactions A, B and C. [3]
Answer:
(A) Mg₃N₂ + 6H20 → 3Mg(OH)₂ + 2NH₃
(B) NH₃ + HCl → NH₄Cl
(C)

(c) Copy and complete the following table which refers to the industrial method for the preparation of ammonia and sulphuric acid: [4]

Answer:

Solving ICSE Class 10 English Literature Previous Year Question Papers ICSE Class 10 English Literature Question Paper 2021 Semester 1 is the best way to boost your preparation for the board exams.

ICSE Class 10 English Literature Question Paper 2021 Solved Semester 1

Maximum Marks: 40
Time allowed: One hour

General Instructions

• You will not be allowed to write during the first 10 minutes.
• This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
• ALL QUESTIONS ARE COMPULSORY.
• The marks intended for questions are given in brackets [ ].

Select the correct option for each of the following questions.

Section – A

Question 1.
When is Hans Christian Andersen s story, ‘The Little Match Girl’set ? [1]
(a) On a cold, dark, Christmas Eve
(b) On a cold, wet, winter’s day
(c) On a cold, dark New Year’s Eve
(d) On a snowy day in early December
Answer:
(c) On a cold, dark New Year’s Eve

Question 2.
Which of the following does NOT appear in the visions that the Little Match girl sees ? [1]
(a) A beautifully decorated Christmas Tree
(b) Her kind and loving Grandmother
(c) An iron stove with brass handles
(d) Colourful fireworks display
Answer:
(d) Colourful fireworks display

Question 3.
When Shylock speaks of Jessica’s elopement he exclaims, ‘My own flesh and blood to rebel! ’. What feeling do his words convey ? [1]
(a) Pride
(b) Envy
(c) Betrayal
(d) Remorse
Answer:
(c) Betrayal

Question 4.
What important character trait of Bassanio’s helps him choose the right casket ? [1]
(a) His honesty and integrity
(b) The ability to look beyond outward appearances
(c) His love for Portia
(d) His dislike of gold and silver
Answer:
(b) The ability to look beyond outward appearances

Question 5.
What is the central theme of Maya Angelou’s poem, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings ’? [1]
(a) Freedom and oppression
(b) Reality and appearance
(c) Animal Rights
(d) Environmental crisis
Answer:
(a) Freedom and oppression

Question 6.
How does Portia plan to rescue her husband’s friend Antonio from Shylock’s clutches ? [1]
(a) She would pay six thousand ducats and deface the bond.
(b) Appear in court disguised as a lawyer andfight the case for Antonio.
(c) Spend some days at a monastery in prayer and medita-tion accompanied only by Nerissa.
(d) Humiliate Shylock at the trial and win the case for Antonio.
Answer:
(b) Appear in court disguised as a lawyer and fight the case for Antonio.

Question 7.
The conversation between Launcelot, Jessica and Lorenzo in Act 3 Scene 5, creates …… before the highly dramatic Trial
Scene that follows. [1]
(a) dramatic irony
(b) comic relief
(c) heightened tension
(d) an unpleasant atmosphere
Answer:
(b) comic relief

Question 8.
What is the Patriot in Browning’s poem referring to when he says, ‘Thus I entered, the thus I go ! ’? [1]
(a) His birth and death.
(b) His entry into public life and his decision to quit
(c) His short-lived, dramatic rise and fall in popularity
(d) His career as a soldier
Answer:
(c) His short-lived, dramatic rise and fall in popularity

Question 9.
In the short story, ‘The Blue Bead’, the highlight of Sibia’s day was …… [1]
(a) killing the crocodile
(b) rescuing the Gujar woman
(c) killing the crocodile and rescuing the Gujar woman
(d) finding the blue bead for her necklace
Answer:
(c) killing the crocodile and rescuing the Gujar woman

Question 10.
The author says that the crocodile was ‘twice the length of a tall man ’. This means that the crocodile was approximately ……. [1]
(a) twelve feet long
(b) four feet long
(c) twenty feet long
(d) fifty feet long
Answer:
(a) twelve feet long

Section – B

Question 11.
Read the following extract from The Merchant of Venice (Act 3) and. answer the questions that follow by choosing the most appropriate response from the choices given below:
Shylock: How now, Tubal! What news from Genoa ?
Hast thou found my daughter ?
Tubal: It often came where I did hear of her, but cannot find her.
(i) Who is Tubal? [1]
(a) Shylock’s friend
(b) Antonio’s friend
(c) The devil
(d) Shylock s wife
Answer:
(a) Shylock’s friend

(ii) What news of Jessica does Tubal bring to Shylock ? [1]
(a) She was spending Shylock’s money extravagantly.
(b) She had exchanged Shylock’s ring for a donkey.
(c) She had given away Shylock’s diamond worth two thousand ducats in Frankfort.
(d) She had died and had been buried with jewels in her ears.
Answer:
(a) She was spending Shylock’s money extravagantly.

(iii) What news of Antonio s misfortune does Tubal share with Shylock? [1]
(a) Antonio s sailors had not survived the shipwreck.
(b) Antonio s ship had been looted by pirates at Tripolis.
(c) Antonio’s merchant ship had been wrecked on its way from Tripolis.
(d) The crew on Antonio s ship had mutinied and taken control of the vessel.
Answer:
(b) Antonio’s ship had been looted by pirates at Tripolis.

(iv) What does Shylock instruct Tubal to do after this exchange? [1]
(a) Go to the synagogue and arrange for a gaoler.
(b) Hire an officer of the law and meet him afterwards at the synagogue.
(c) Go to Genoa and arrange for Jessica to be brought home.
(d) Have Antonio’s creditors swear that he was broke.
Answer:
(b) Hire an officer of the law and meet him afterwards at the synagogue.

(v) Which of these words spoken by Shylock reflect his vengeful nature ? ‘ [1]
(a) My own flesh and blood to rebel!
(b) What, what, what ? Ill luck, ill luck ?
(c) There I have another bad match.
(d) I will have the heart of him, if he forfeits.
Answer:
(d) I will have the heart of him, if he forfeits.

Question 12.
Read the following extract from Act 3 of ‘The Merchant of Venice ’and answer the questions thatfollow by choosing the most appropriate response from the choices given below :
Portia: I would detain you here for some month or two
Before you venture for me. 1 could teach you
How to choose right, but then I am forsworn;
So will I never be : so you may miss me

(i) How would you describe Portia s state of mind based on your understanding of the given extract ? [1]
(a) tense and anxious
(b) terrified and remorseful
(c) excited and guilty
(d) confident and hopeful
Answer:
(a) tense and anxious

(ii) Why does Portia want to detain Bassanio for a ‘a month or two ’ before he takes the casket test ? [1]
(a) She wants to spend time with him and get to know him better.
(b) She is afraid that he might choose the wrong casket and she would never see him again.
(c) She wants to keep him in Venice and away from the influence of Antonio.
(d) She is lonely and enjoys his company.
Answer:
(b) She is afraid that he might choose the wrong casket and she would never see him again.

(iii) Why does Portia say she cannot help Bassanio choose the right casket ? [1]
(a) It would be dishonest if she did.
(b) She would be breaking her promise to her father if she did.
(c) She believes in justice and fair play.
(d) She has sworn not to help him.
Answer:
(b) She would be breaking her promise to her father if she did.

(iv) “Let me choose; For, as I am, I live upon the rack. ” says Bassanio in response to Portia’s plea. [I]
Give the meaning of the word ‘rack ’ in this context.
(a) A wooden shelf to hold books
(b) a framework, for holding or storing things
(c) a bedlike open frame used as a torture device
(d) To cause extreme pain or distress
Answer:
(c) a bedlike open frame used as a torture device

(v) What does Portia give to Bassanio as a token of her love? [1]
(a) Her house
(b) Her servants
(c) Herself
(d) A ring
Answer:
(d) A ring

Question 13.
Read the following extract from the short story, ‘The Little Match Girl ‘and answer the questions that follow by choosing the most appropriate response from the choices given below:
Lights were shining in every window, and there was a glorious smell of roast goose in the street, for this was New Year’s Eve, and she could not think of anything else.

(i) What do the words, ‘she could not think of anything else’ tell us about the condition of the little girl ? [1]
(a) She was cold and miserable.
(b) She was reminded of her grandmother’s cooking.
(c) She was very fond of roast goose.
(d) She was desperately hungry.
Answer:
(d) She was desperately hungry.

(ii) What did the Little Match Girl do when she could no longer bear the cold ? [1]
(a) Started a fire to keep herself warm.
(b) Tried to find shelter in one ofthe houses on the street.
(c) Struck a match to warm her frozen fingers.
(d) Lay down in the cold and talked to her grandmother.
Answer:
(c) Struck a match to warm her frozen fingers

(iii) When did the little girl’s grandmother appear before her? [1]
When she struck the ……. match.
(a) first
(b) second
(c) third
(d) fourth
Answer:
(d) fourth

(iv) Read thefollowing statement and pick out the one that is NOT true of the Little Match Girl. [1]
(a) She came from a very poor family.
(b) She loved her grandmother dearly.
(c) She was about seventeen years old.
(d) She had no slippers of her own, so she wore her mother s.
Answer:
(c) She was about seventeen years old.

(v) What happened to the little girl at the end of the story?
(a) She froze to death.
(b) Her father came looking for her.
(c) Some kind people gave her food and shelter.
(d) An angel appeared and carried her away to her grandmother s house.
Answer:
(a) She froze to death.

Question 14.
Read the following extract from the short story, ‘The Blue Bead’and answer the questions that follow by choosing the most appropriate response from the choices given below:

At the same moment, a Gujar woman came down with two gurrahs of water on the other side. In order to get the good clear water, which would quickly fill both gurrahs to the top without sand, she walked onto the stepping- stones. She was within a yard of the crocodile when he lunged at her.

(i) What was Sibia doing when the Gujar woman came down to the river to collect water? [1]
(a) On her way to the cave to check on her clay cups.
(b) Resting on a boulder in the middle of the river.
(c) Walking home with her mother after a hard day’s work.
(d) Cutting paper grass on the mountainside.
Answer:
(b) Resting on a boulder in the middle of the river.

(ii) Why did the Gujar woman not notice the crocodile until it was too late ? [1]
(a) He was well hidden among the drifting logs of timber.
(b) She was thinking about the men who had gone to the bazaar.
(c) She could not see very well.
(d) It was pitch dark as it was late at night.
Answer:
(c) She could not see very well.

(iii) Listed below are some facts about crocodiles taken from the story. Pick out the one which is NOT true : [1]
(a) Crocodiles are afraid of noise.
(b) Crocodiles are herbivores.
(c) Crocodiles swallow stones to assist with their digestion.
(d) Crocodiles have thick, impenetrable hides
Answer:
(b) Crocodiles are herbivores.

(iv) How did the Gujar woman try to save herself? [1]
(a) By uttering a shrill, piercing scream.
(b) By dropping her gurrahs into the river.
(c) By driving her hayfork into the creature’s eye with all her might.
(d) By clinging desperately to a floating log of wood.
Answer:
(d) By clinging desperately to a floating log of wood.

(v) What does Sibia’s delight in finding the blue bead tell us about her nature ? [I]
(a) That she is a remarkably courageous young girl.
(b) That she is an immature child-woman.
(c) That she is innocent and childlike.
(d) That she is childish and brave.
Answer
(c) That she is innocent and childlike.

Question 15.
Read the following extract from the poem, ‘I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings ’ and answer the questions that follow by choosing the most appropriate response from the choices given below:
But a bird that stalks down his narrow cage can seldom see through his bars of rage
(i) The word ‘stalks ’in the above extract can best be replaced with [1]
(a) plant stems.
(b) paces to andfro.
(c) hides in a comer
(d) crowds.
Answer:
(b) paces to and fro.

(ii) What is the caged bird blinded by? [1]
(a) The bars of his cage.
(b) His tears.
(c) His anger.
(d) His fears.
Answer:
(c) His anger.

(iii) Why have the bird’s wings been clipped and his feet tied? [1]
(a) To punish him.
(b) To tease him.
(c) To control him.
(d) To make him fit into the cage.
Answer:
(c) To control him.

(iv) Which of the following actions is associated with the caged bird? [1]
(a) soaring high on the wind.
(b) floating down with the current.
(c) claiming the open skies.
(d) pouring his heart out in song.
Answer:
(d) pouring his heart out in song.

(v) What is the mood conveyed in the above extract? [1]
(a) Frustration
(b) Guilt
(c) Loneliness
(d) Joy
Answer:
(a) Frustration.

Question 16.
Read the following extract from the poem, ‘The Patriot’ and answer the questions that follow by choosing the most appropriate answer from the choices given below:
Alack, it was I who leaped at the sun
To give my loving friends to keep !
Nought man could do, have / left undone
And you see my harvest, what I reap
This is very day, a year is run.

(i) What do the words‘ leaped at the sun ’imply? [1]
(a) Space travel.
(b) Jumped towards the sun.
(c) Tried to touch the sun.
(d) Attempted the impossible.
Answer:
(d) Attempted the impossible.

(ii) Which of the following statements does NOT describe the present condition of the speaker? [1]
(a) Drenched in the rain.
(b) Both wrists tied tightly behind his back.
(c) Forehead bleeding from the stones thrown at him.
(d) Greeted and cheered by loyal crowds.
Answer:
(d) Greeted and cheered by loyal crowds.

(iii) ‘Nought man could do, have I left undone: ’in the above extract means: [1]
(a) I have undone all that a person can do.
(b) I have done everything that was humanly possible.
(c) I have done nothing that a person could do.
(d) I have done what any man would do.
Answer:
(b) I have done everything that was humanly possible.

(iv) Why had the people gathered in large numbers exactly a year ago? [1]
(a) To greet and welcome the Patriot.
(b) To watch the Patriot being hanged.
(c) To give him the sun from the skies.
(d) To set the church spires aflame with flags.
Answer:
(a) To greet and welcome the Patriot.

(v) The tone of the speaker in the above lines is ……… [1]
(a) Sarcastic.
(b) Bitter.
(c) Joyous.
(d) Hopeful.
Answer
(b) Bitter.

Solving ICSE Class 10 Maths Previous Year Question Papers ICSE Class 10 Maths Question Paper 2018 is the best way to boost your preparation for the board exams.

ICSE Class 10 Maths Question Paper 2018 Solved

Section – A (40 Marks)
(Attempt all questions from this Section)

Question 1.
(a) Find the value of ‘x ’and ‘y’ if: [3]
\(2\left[\begin{array}{rr}
x & 7 \\
9 & y-5
\end{array}\right]+\left[\begin{array}{rr}
6 & -7 \\
4 & 5
\end{array}\right]+\left[\begin{array}{rr}
10 & 7 \\
22 & 15
\end{array}\right]\)
Solution:

⇒ 2x + 6 = 10
⇒ 2x = 4
⇒ x = 2
And 2y – 5 = 15
⇒ 2y = 20
⇒ y = 10
Hence, the values of x and y are x = 2 and y = 10

(b) Sonia had a recurring deposit account in a bank and deposited ₹ 600 per month for 2 1/2 years. If the rate of interest was 10% p.a., find the maturity value of this account. [3]
Solution:
Here, amount deposited per month = ₹ 600
Number of months = 2 × 12 + 6 = 30 [∵ T = 2 \(\frac{1}{2}\) years]
Rate of interest = 10% p.a.
∴ Maturity value = 600 × 30 + 600 × \(\frac{30 \times 31}{2}\) × \(\frac{1}{12}\) × \(\frac{10}{100}\)
[Using Amt.= x × n + x × \(\frac{n(n+1)}{2} \times \frac{1}{12} \times \frac{r}{100}\)]
= 18000 + 600 × 15 × 31 × \(\frac{1}{120}\)
= 18000 + 2325 = 20325
Hence, the amount received by Sonia on maturity is ₹ 20325.

(c) Cards bearing numbers 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 are kept in a bag. A card is drawn at random from the bag. Find the probability of getting a card which is : [4]
(i) a prime number.
(ii) a number divisible by 4.
(iii) a number that is a multiple of 6.
(iv) an odd number.
Solution:
Total number of cards in the bag = 10
(i) Total prime numbers = 1 i.e., 2
∴ Required Probability = \(\frac{1}{10}\)

(ii) Total numbers divisible by 4 = 5 (i.e., 4, 8, 12, 16, 20]
∴ Required Probability = \(\frac{5}{10}\) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)

(iii) Total numbers divisible by 6 or multiple of 6 = 3 [i.e., 6, 12, 18]
∴ Required Probability = \(\frac{3}{10}\)

(iv) Total odd number = 0
∴ Required Probability = \(\frac{0}{10}\) = 0

Question 2.
(a) The circumference of the base of a cylindrical vessel is 132 cm and its height is 25 cm. [3]
Find the:
(i) radius, of the cylinder
(ii) volume of cylinder, (use π = \(\frac{22}{7}\))
Solution:
Let r be the radius of the base of cylindrical vessel and
h = 25 cm be its height.
Now, circumference of the base = 132 cm
∴ 2 πr = 132
⇒ r = \(\frac{132}{2 \pi}=\frac{132 \times 7}{2 \times 22}\) = 21 cm
Volume of cylinder = πr²h
= \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 21 ×21 × 25
= 34650 cm³
Hence, the radius of the cylinder is 21 cm and volume of the cylinder is 34650 cm³

(b) If (k – 3), (2k + 1) and (4k + 3) are three consecutive terms of an A.P., find the value of k. [3]
Solution:
Here, k – 3, 2k + 1 and 4k + 3 are three consecutive terms of an A.P.
∴ 2k + 1 – (k – 3)= 4k + 3 – (2k + 1)
⇒ 2k + 1 – k + 3 = 4k + 3 – 2k – 1
⇒ k + 4 = 2k + 2
⇒ 2k – k = 4 – 2
⇒ k = 2
Hence, the value of k is 2.

(c) PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral. Given ∠QPS = 73°, ∠PQS = 55° and ∠PSR = 82°, calculate: [4]
(i) ∠QRS
(ii) ∠RQS
(iii) ∠PRQ

Solution:
(i) Since PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral
∴ ∠QPS + ∠QRS = 180°
[Opp. ∠s of a cyclic quadrilateral]
⇒ 73° + ∠QRS = 180°
⇒ ∠QRS = 180° – 73°
∴ ∠QRS = 107°

(ii) Again, ∠PQR + ∠PSR = 180°
[Opp. ∠s of a cyclic quadrilateral]
∠PQS + ∠RQS + ∠PSR = 180°
55° + ∠RQS + 82° = 180°
∠RQS = 180° – 82° – 55°
= 43°

(iii) In ∆PQS, by using angles sum property of a ∆.
∠PSQ + ∠SQP + ∠QPS = 180°
∠PSQ + 55° + 73° = 180°
∠PSQ = 180° – 55° – 73°
∠PSQ = 52°
Now, ∠PRQ = ∠PSQ = 52° [∠s of the same segment]
Hence, ∠QRS = 107°, ∠RQS = 43° and ∠PRQ = 52°

Question 3.
(a) If (x + 2) and (x + 3) are factors of x³ + ax + b,find the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’. [3]
Solution:
Given that (x + 2) and (x + 3) are factors of p(x) = x³ + ax + b.
∴ p(- 2) = (- 2)3 + a(- 2) + b = 0
⇒ – 8 – 2a + b = 0
⇒ – 2a + b = 8 ……………. (i)
And p(- 3) = (- 3)³ + a(- 3) + b = 0
⇒ -27 – 3a + b = 0
⇒ -3a + b = 27 ………….. (ii)
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we obtain
(- 3a + b) – (- 2a + b) = 27 – 8
– 3a + b + 2a – b = 19
-a = 19
⇒ a = 19
From (i), we obtain
-2(19)+ b = 8
-38 + b = 8
⇒ b = 8 + 38
⇒ b = 46
Hence, the values of a and 6 are a = 19 and b = 46.

(b) Prove that \(\sqrt{\sec ^2 \theta+{cosec}^2 \theta}\) = tan θ + cot θ. [3]
Solution:
L.H.S. = \(\sqrt{\sec ^2 \theta+{cosec}^2 \theta}\)
= \(\sqrt{1+\tan ^2 \theta+1+\cot ^2 \theta}\) [∵ sec² θ = 1+ tan² θ, cosec² θ = 1 + cot² θ]
= \(\sqrt{\tan ^2 \theta+\cot ^2 \theta+2 \times \tan \theta \times \cot \theta}\) [∵ tan θ × cot θ = 1]
= \(\sqrt{(\tan \theta+\cot \theta)^2}\)
= tan θ + cot θ
= R.H.S.

(c) Using a graph paper draw a histogram for the given distribution showing the number of runs scored by 50 batsmen. Estimate the mode of the data : [4]

Runs scored	No. of batsmen
3000-4000	4
4000-5000	18
5000-6000	9
6000-7000	6
7000-8000	7
8000-9000	2
9000-10000	4

Solution:

Hence, the required mode of the data is 4600 runs.

Question 4.
(a) Solve the following inequation, write down the solution set and represent it on the real number line : [3]
-2 + 10x ≤ 13x + 10 < 24 + 10x, x ∈ Z
Solution:
Given that:
– 2 + 10x ≤ 13x + 10 < 24 + 10x, x ∈ Z
-2 + 10x ≤ 13x + 10
and 13x + 10 < 24 + 10x
⇒ – 24 – 10 ≤ 13x – 10x
and 13x – 10x < 24 – 10
⇒ -12 ≤ 3x
and 3x < 14
⇒ -4 ≤ x
and x < \(\frac{14}{3}\)
⇒ x ≥ -4
or x < 4\(\frac{2}{3}\)
Thus, the required solution set is :
-4 ≤ x < 4\(\frac{2}{3}\) or \(\left[-4,4 \frac{2}{3}\right)\)
Using number line, we have

(b) If the straight lines 3x – 5y = 7 and 4x + ay + 9 = 0 are perpendicular to one another, find the value of a. [3]
Solution:
Given lines are
3x – 5y = 7 and ……………. (i)
4x + ay + 9 = 0 ……………… (ii)
Slope of line (i) (m₁) = –\(\left(\frac{3}{-5}\right)=\frac{3}{5}\)
Slope of line (ii) (m₂) = –\(\left(\frac{4}{a}\right)\)
∴ (m₁)(m₂) = -1
⇒ \(\frac{3}{5} \times\left(-\frac{4}{a}\right)\) = -1
⇒ \(\frac{12}{5 a}\) = 1
⇒ a = \(\frac{12}{5}\)
Hence, the value of a = \(\frac{12}{5}\)

(c) Solve x² + 7x = 7 and give your answer correct to two decimal places. [4]
Solution:
Here, x² + 7x = 7
⇒ x² + 7x – 7 = 0

= 0.887 or -7.887
= 0.89 or -7.89 [upto two decimal places]

Section – B (40 Marks)
(Attempt any four questions)

Question 5.
(a) The 4^th term of a G.P. is 16 and the 7th term is 128. Find the first term and common ratio of the series. [3]
Solution:
Let a and r be the first term and common ratio of given G.P.
∴ a₁₄ = 16
⇒ ar³ = 16 …………………. (i)
and a⁷ = 128
⇒ ar⁶ = 128 …………….. (ii)
Dividing (ii) and (i), we obtain
\(\frac{a r^6}{a r^3}=\frac{128}{16}\)
a³ = 8
a³ = 2³
⇒ a = 2
From (i), we have
2(r³) = 16
r³ = 8
r³ = 2³
⇒ r = 2
Hence, the first term and common ratio of the given series is 2 and 2.

(b) A man invests ₹ 22,500 in ₹ 50 shares available at 10% discount. If the dividend paid by the company is 12%, calculate: [3]
(i) The number of shares purchased.
(ii) The annual dividend received.
(iii) The rate ofreturn he gets on his investment. Give your answer correct to the nearest whole number.
Solution:
Total investment = ₹ 22,500
Face value of a share = ₹ 50
Market value of a share = ₹ (50 – 10% of 50)
= ₹ (50 – 5) = ₹ 45
∴ No. of shares purchased = \(\frac{22500}{45}\) = 500
Annual dividend per share = 12% of 50
= \(\frac{12}{100}\) × 50
= ₹ 6
Total annual dividend = ₹ 6 × 500
= ₹ 3000
Rate of return = \(\frac{3000}{22500}\) × 100
= 13.3%
= 13% (nearest whole number)
Hence, number of shares purchased are 500, total annual dividend is ₹ 3000 and rate of return on investment is nearly 13% p.a.

(c) Use graph paper for this question (Take 2cm = 1 unit along both x and y axis). ABCD is a quadrilateral whose vertices areA(2, 2), B(2, -2), C(0, -1) and D (0,1). [4]
(i) Reflect quadrilateral ABCD on the y-axis and name it as A’B’CD.
(ii) Write down the coordinates of A’ and B’.
(iii) Name two points which are invariant under the above reflection.
(iv) Name the polygon A’B’CD.
Solution:
Scale used is : 2 cm = 1 unit along both x and y axis.
(i) Here, vertices of the quadrilateral ABCD are A(2, 2), B(2, -2), C(0, -1) and D(0, 1)

(ii) Coordinates of A’ and B’ are A’ (-2, 2) and B'(-2, -2).
(iii) Two points which are invariant are C and D.
(iv) A’B’CD is a trapezium.

Question 6.
(a) Using properties of proportion, solve for x. Given that x is positive : [3]
\(\frac{2 x+\sqrt{4 x^2-1}}{2 x-\sqrt{4 x^2-1}}\) = 4
Solution:
\(\frac{2 x+\sqrt{4 x^2-1}}{2 x-\sqrt{4 x^2-1}}\) = \(\frac{4}{1}\)
By componendo and Dividendo, we have
\(\frac{2 x+\sqrt{4 x^2-1}+2 x-\sqrt{4 x^2-1}}{2 x+\sqrt{4 x^2-1}-2 x+\sqrt{4 x^2-1}}=\frac{4+1}{4-1}\)
\(\frac{4 x}{2 \sqrt{4 x^2-1}}=\frac{5}{3}\)
\(\frac{2 x}{\sqrt{4 x^2-1}}=\frac{5}{3}\)
Squaring both sides, we have
\(\frac{4 x^2}{4 x^2-1}=\frac{25}{9}\)
⇒ 36 x² = 100 x² – 25
⇒ 100 x² – 36 x² = 25
⇒ 64x² = 25
⇒ x² = \(\frac{25}{64}\)
⇒ x = \(\frac{5}{8}\) [∵ x is positive]
Hence, the value of x is \(\frac{5}{8}\)

(b) If A = \(\left[\begin{array}{ll}
2 & 3 \\
5 & 7
\end{array}\right]\), B = \(\left[\begin{array}{ll}
0 & 4 \\
-1 & 7
\end{array}\right]\) and C = \(\left[\begin{array}{ll}
1 & 0 \\
-1 & 4
\end{array}\right]\), find AC + B² – 10C. [3]
Solution:
Given that,
A = \(\left[\begin{array}{ll}
2 & 3 \\
5 & 7
\end{array}\right]\), B = \(\left[\begin{array}{ll}
0 & 4 \\
-1 & 7
\end{array}\right]\) and C = \(\left[\begin{array}{ll}
1 & 0 \\
-1 & 4
\end{array}\right]\)
Now, AC + B² – 10C

(c) Prove that (1 + cot θ – cosec θ) (1 + tan θ + sec θ) = 2 [4]
Solution:
L.H.S. = (1 + cot θ – cosec θ) (1 + tan θ + sec θ)

Question 7.
(a) Find the value ofk for which the following equation has equal roots. [3]
x² + 4kx + (k² – k + 2) = 0
Solution:
Given quadratic equation is :
x² + 4 kx + (A² – k + 2) = 0
For equal roots, we have
b² – 4 ac = 0
⇒ (4k)² – 4(1)(k² – k + 2)=0
⇒ 16k² – 4k² + 4k – 8 = 0
⇒ 12k² + 4k – 8 = 0
or 3k² + k – 2 = 0
⇒ 3k² + 3k – 2k – 2 = 0
⇒ 3k(k + 1) – 2(k + 1) = 0
⇒ (k +1) (3k – 2) = 0
⇒ k + 1 = 0 or 3k – 2 = 0
⇒ k = -1 or k = \(\frac{2}{3}\)

(b) On a map drawn to a scale of 1 : 50,000, a rectangular plot of land ABCD has the following dimensions. AB = 6 cm; BC = 8 cm and all angles are right angles. Find: [3]
(i) the actual length of the diagonal distance AC of the plot in km.
(ii) the actual area of the plot in sq. km.
Solution:
Scale used on the map is 1 : 50,000
Dimensions of a rectangular plot ABCD are AB = 6 cm, BC = 8 cm
Since each angle is right angle
∴ By using Pythagoras theorem, we have
Diagonal AC =\(\sqrt{A B^2+B C^2}\)
= \(\sqrt{(6)^2+(8)^2}\)
= \(\sqrt{36+64}\)
= \(\sqrt{100}\) = 10 cm

(i) Actual length of the diagonal
AC = 10 × 50000 cm
= \(\frac{500000}{100000}\) km = 5 km

(ii) Area of the rectangular field ABCD on map = 6 × 8 = 48 cm²
Actual area of the field = 48 × 500000 × 500000
= 12(10)10 sq. cm.
= 12 sq. km.

(c) A(2, 5), B(-1, 2) and C(5, 8) are the vertices of a triangle ABC, ‘M’ is a point on AB such that AM : MB = 1 : 2. Find the co-ordinates of M’. Hence find the equation of the line passing through the points C and M. [4]
Solution:
Coordinates of the vertices of a A ABC are A(2, 5), B(- 1,2)andC(5, 8). Since Mis a point on AB such that AM : MB = 1 : 2

Now, equation of the line CM is given as :
y – 8 = \(\frac{4-8}{1-5}\) (x – 5)
y – 8 = \(\frac{-4}{-4}\) (x – 5)
y – 8 = x – 5
x – y + 3 = 0

Question 8.
(a) ₹ 7500 were divided equally among a certain number of children. Had there been 20 less children, each would have received ₹ 100 more. Find the original number of children. [3]
Solution:
Total amount = ₹ 7500
Let the number of children be x
∴ Share of each child = ₹ \(\frac{7500}{x}\)
According to the statement
(x – 20) (\(\frac{7500}{x}\) + 100) = 7500
(x – 20) (7500 + 100x) = 7500 x
7500x + 100x² – 150000 – 2000x – 7500x = 0
100x² – 2000x – 150000 = 0
x² – 20x – 1500 = 0
x² – 50x + 30x – 1500 = 0
x(x – 50) + 30(x – 50) = 0
(x – 50) (x + 30) = 0
⇒ x = 50 or x = -30
Rejecting -ve value, because number of children cannot be negative.
∴ x = 50
Hence, the original number of children is 50.

(b) If the mean of the following distribution is 24, find the value of ‘a’. [3]

Marks	Number of Students
0-10	7
10-20	a
20-30	8
30-40	10
40- 50	5

Solution:

Marks	Class Marks (xi)	No. of Students (fi)	fixi
0- 10	5	7	35
10-20	15	a	15a
20-30	25	8	200
30-40	35	10	350
40-50	45	5	225
Total		30 + a	15a + 810

Mean = 24
∴ \(\frac{15 a+810}{30+a}\) = 24
15a + 810 = 720 + 24a
⇒ 24a – 15a = 810 – 720
⇒ 9a = 90
⇒ a = 10
Hence, the value of a is 10.

(c) Using ruler and compass only, construct a ∆ABC such that BC = 5 cm and AB = 6.5 cm and ∠ABC = 120°. [4]
(i) Construct a circum-circle of ∆ABC.
(ii) Construct a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, such that D is equidistant from AB and BC.
Solution:

Steps of Construction :

1. Draw a line segment AB = 6.5 cm.
2. At B, construct an angle of 120° and cut off BC = 5 cm.
3. Join AC, to have AABC.
4. Draw the perpendicular bisectors of line segments AB and BC.
5. Let they intersect each other in O.
6. With O as centre and radius OA or OB or OC, draw the circumcircle of AABC.
7. Produce perpendicular bisector of line segment AB and let it intersect the circumcircle of AABC at D.
8. Join AD and CD.
   Thus, quad. ABCD is the required quadrilateral.

Question 9.
(a) Priyanka has a recurring deposit account of ₹1000 per month at 10% per annum. If she gets ₹ 5550 as interest at the time of maturity, find the total time for which account has held. [3]
Solution:
Amount deposited per month = ₹ 1000
Rate of interest = 10% p.a.
Interest = ₹ 5550
∴ 1000 × \(\frac{n(n+1)}{2}\) × \(\frac{1}{12}\) × \(\frac{10}{100}\) = 5550
\(\left(\frac{n^2+n}{24}\right)\) × 100 = 5550
n² + n = \(\frac{5550 \times 24}{100}\)
n² + n = 1332
n² + n – 1332 = 0
n² + 37n – 36n – 1332 = 0
n(n + 37) – 36(n + 37) = 0
(n – 36) (n + 37) = 0
n = 36 or n = – 37
Rejecting – ve value of n, we have n = 36
Hence, the total time for which the account was held, was 36 month or 3 years.

(b) In ∆PQR MN is parallel to QR and \(\frac{\mathrm{PM}}{\mathrm{MQ}}=\frac{2}{3}\) [3]

(i) Find \(\frac{\mathrm{MN}}{\mathrm{QR}}\)
(ii) Prove that ∆OMN and ∆ORQ are similar.
(iii) Find, Area of ∆OMN: Area of ∆ORQ
Solution:
Given that :

Again, ∆OMN ~ ∆ORQ [by AA similarity rule]
[∵ ∠O = ∠O, ∠MNO = ∠RQO]
∴ \(\frac{\text { Area of } \triangle \mathrm{OMN}}{\text { Area of } \triangle \mathrm{ORQ}}=\frac{\mathrm{MN}^2}{\mathrm{QR}^2}\) = \(\left(\frac{\mathrm{MN}}{\mathrm{QR}}\right)^2=\left(\frac{2}{5}\right)^2=\frac{4}{25}\)

(c) The following figure represents a solid consisting of a right circular cylinder with a hemisphere at one end and a cone at the other. Their common radius is 7 cm. The height of the cylinder and cone are each of 4 cm. Find the volume of the solid.

Solution:
Here, radius of cone = radius of cylinder = radius of hemisphere = 7 cm
Height of cone = 4 cm
Height of cylinder = 4 cm
Now, Volume of the solid \(\frac{1}{3}\) × \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 7 × 7 × 4 \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 7 × 7 × 4 + \(\frac{2}{3}\) × \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 7 × 7 × 7
= \(\frac{616}{3}\) + 616 + \(\frac{2156}{3}\)
= \(\frac{616+1848+2156}{3}\)
= \(\frac{4620}{3}\) = 1540 cm³

Question 10.
(a) Use Remainder theorem to factorize the following polynomial: [3]
2x³ + 3x² – 9x – 10.
Solution:
Let p(x) = 2x³ + 3x² – 9x – 10
Factors of constant term 10 are ± 1, ± 2, + 5
Put x = 2, we have
p(2) = 2(2)³ + 3(2)² – 9(2) – 10
= 16 + 12 – 18 – 10 = 0
∴ (x – 2) is a factor of p(x)
Put x = -1, we have
p(- 1) = 2(- 1)³ + 3(- 1)² – 9 (-1) – 10
= -2 + 3 + 9 – 10
= 0
∴ (x + 1) is a factor of p(x)
Thus, (x + 1) (x – 2) i.e., x² – x – 2 is a factor of p(x)

Hence, (x + 1), (x – 2) and (2x + 5) are the factors of given polynomial 2x³ + 3x² – 9x – 10.

(b) In the figure given below ‘O ’is the centre of the circle. If QR = OP and ∠ORP = 20°. Find the value of ‘x’ giving reasons. [3]

Solution:
Here, in ∆OPQ
OP = OQ = r
Also, OP = QR [Given]
∴ OP = OQ = QR = r

In ∆OQR, OQ = QR
∴ ∠QOR = ∠ORP = 20°
And ∠OQP = ∠QOR + ∠ORQ
= 20° + 20°
= 40°
Again, in ∆OPQ
∠POQ = 180° – ∠OPQ – ∠OQP
= 180°-40°-40°
= 100°
Now, x° + ZPOQ + ZQOR = 180° [a straight angle]
x°+ 100°+ 20° = 180°
x° = 180° – 120°
= 60°
Hence, the value of x is 60.

c) The angle of elevation from a point P of the top of a tower QR, 50 m high is 60° and that of the tower PTfrom a point Q is 30°. Find the height of the tower PT, correct to the nearest metre.

Solution:
Here, Height of the tower (QR) = 50 m
Height of the tower (PT) = h m
In rt. ∠ed ∆PQR, ∠RPQ = 60°
∴ \(\frac{\mathrm{RQ}}{\mathrm{PQ}}\) = tan 60°
\(\frac{\mathrm{50}}{\mathrm{PQ}}\) = \(\sqrt{3}\)
⇒ PQ = \(\frac{50}{\sqrt{3}}\)m
Also, in rt. ∠ed ∆QPT, ∠TQP = 30°
∴ \(\frac{\mathrm{PT}}{\mathrm{PQ}}\) = tan 30°
PT = PQ × \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\) = \(\frac{50}{\sqrt{3}}\) × \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\) = \(\frac{50}{3}\) = 16.67 m
Hence, the required height of tower PT is 17 m (nearest to metre).

Question 11.
(a) The 4^th term of an A.P. is 22 and 15^th term is 66. Find the first term and the common difference. Hence find the sum of the series to 8 terms. [4]
Solution:
Let a and d be the first term and common difference of the required A.P.
∴ a₄ = 22
⇒ a + 3d = 22 ……………… (i)
And a₁₅ = 66
⇒ a + 14d = 66 ……………… (ii)
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we have
(14d – 3d) = 66 – 22
11d = 44
d = 4
From (i), we have
a + 3(4) = 22
a = 22 – 12 = 10
Thus, a = 10 and d = 4
Now, S_n = \(\frac{\mathrm{n}}{\mathrm{2}}\)[2a + (n – 1)d]
⇒ S₈ = | [2(10) + (8 – 1)4]
S₈ = 4[20 + 28]
S₈ = 4 × 48
S₈ = 192

(b) Use Graph paper for this question. [6]
A survey regarding height (in cm) of 60 boys belonging to Class 10 of a school was conducted. The following data was recorded:

Height in cm	No. of boys
135-140	4
140-145	8
145-150	20
150-155	14
155-160	7
160-165	6
165-170	1

Taking 2 cm = height of 10 cm along one axis and 2 cm = 10 boys along the other axis draw an ogive of the above distribution. Use the graph to estimate the following:
(i) the median
(ii) lower Quartile
(iii) if above 158 cm is considered as the tall boys of the class. Find the number of boys in the class who are tall.
Solution:
Given data was recorded as :

Plot the points (140, 4), (145, 12), (150, 32), (155, 46), (160, 53), (165, 59) and (170, 60). Join them free hand to get the required ogive.
Now, from the graph, we obtain :
(i) Median height (in cm) = 149.5 cm
(ii) Lower Quartile = 146 cm
(iii) Number of boys who are tall i.e., height above 158 cm = 60 – 51 = 9.

Solving ICSE Class 10 English Language Previous Year Question Papers ICSE Class 10 English Language Question Paper 2021 Semester 1 is the best way to boost your preparation for the board exams.

ICSE Class 10 English Language Question Paper 2021 Solved Semester 1

Maximum Marks: 40
Time Allowed: One hours

General Instructions :

• You will not be allowed to write during the first 10 minutes.
• This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
• ALL QUESTIONS ARE COMPULSORY
• The marks intended for questions are given in brackets [ ].
• Select the correct option for each of the following questions.

Section – A
(Attempt all questions)

Question 1.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:

No one had ever seen Bonku Babu get cross. To tell the truth, it was difficult to imagine what he might say or do, if one day he did get angry.

It was not as if there was never any reason for him to lose his temper. For the last twenty-two years, Bonku Babu had taught Geography and Bengali at the Primary School. Every year, a new batch of students replaced the old one, but old or new, the tradition of teasing poor Bonku Babu continued among all the students.

Some drew his picture on the black-board; others put glue on his chair, or, on the night of Kali Puja, they lit a ‘chasing-rocket’ and set it off to chase him. Bonku Babu did not get upset by any of this. Only sometimes, he cleared his throat and said, ‘Shame on you, boys! ’

One of the reasons for maintaining his calm was simply that he could not afford to do otherwise. If he did lose his temper and left his j ob in a fit of pique, he knew how difficult it would then be to find another, at his age. Another reason was that in every class, there were always a few good students, even if the rest of the class was full of pranksters.

Teaching his handful of good boys was so rewarding that, to Bonku Babu, that alone made life as a teacher worth living. At times, he invited those boys to his house, offered them snacks and told them tales of foreign lands and exciting adventures. He told them about life in Africa, the discovery of North Pole, the fish in Brazil that ate human flesh, and about Atlantis, the continent submerged under that sea. He was a good storyteller, he had his audience enthralled.

During the weekend, Bonku Babu went to the lawyer, Sripati Majumdar’s house, to spend the evenings with other regulars. On a number of occasions, he had come back thinking, ‘Enough, never again!’ The reason was simply that he could put up with the pranks played in the boys in his school, but when grown, even middle-aged men started making fun of him, it became too much to bear. At these meetings that Sripati Babu hosted in the evenings, nearly everyone poked fun at Bonku Babu, sometimes bringing his endurance to breaking point.

Only the other day – less than two months ago – they were talking about ghosts. Usually, Bonku Babu kept his mouth shut. That day, for some unknown reason, he opened it and declared that he was not afraid of ghosts. That was all.
[From ‘Bonku Babu s Friend’by Satyajit Ray]

(i) For each word given below choose the correct meaning (as used in the passage) from the options provided :
Question 1.
calm: [1]
(a) piece of mind
(b) attitude of mind
(c) peace of mind
(d) character
Answer:
(c) peace of mind

Question 2.
submerged: [1]
(a) drowning
(b) drowned
(c) sublime
(d) subsumed
Answer:
(b) drowned

Question 3.
endurance: [1]
(a) tolerance
(b) toll
(c) bravery
(d) bearing
Answer:
(a) tolerance

(ii) Answer the following questions by choosing the correct answer from the options given below :

Question 1.
Why was it difficult to imagine what Bonku Babu might say or do. [1]
(a) He was never cross
(b) He was cross.
(c) No one has ever seen him mark a cross.
(d) There was reason for him to be cross.
Answer:
(a) He was never cross.

Question 2.
Which tradition was continued by the school ? [1]
(a) The tradition of drawing on the blackboard.
(b) The tradition of teasing Bonku Babu.
(c) The tradition of lighting crackers.
(d) The tradition of new students replacing old ones.
Answer:
(b) The tradition of teasing Bonku Babu.

Question 3.
Which sentence tells us that sometimes Bonku Babu did get upset? [1]
(a) “Bonku Babu did not get upset by any of this.”
(b) ‘Only sometimes he cleared his throat and said Shame on you boys! ’
(c) “He told them about his life in Africa.”
(d) “He told them, I have been to the North Pole.”
Answer:
(b) ‘Only sometimes he cleared his throat and said Shame on you boys!’

Question 4.
What happened on Kali Puja night ? [ 1 ]
(a) The boys lit fireworks.
(b) The boys put glue on his chair.
(c) The boys lit a chasing rocket and set it off to chase him.
(d) Bonku Babu continued teaching.
Answer:
(c) The boys lit a chasing rocket and set it off to chase him.

Question 5.
What indication is there that Bonku Babu was conscious of his age ? [1]
(a) He knew it would be difficult to find another job.
(b) He did not lose his temper.
(c) There were good students in his class.
(d) He has memories of his past.
Answer:
(a) He knew it would be difficult to find another job.

Question 6.
Apart from the consciousness about his age, what reason did Bonku Babu have for staying on ? [1]
(a) He invited boys home.
(b) He told them stories.
(c) He served them snacks.
(d) There were a few good students.
Answer:
(d) There were a few good students.

Question 7.
How did Bonku Babu spend the weekends ? [ 1 ]
(a) He went to resolve some legal matters.
(b) He put up with the pranks of the boys.
(c) He kept his mouth shut.
(d) He went to the lawyer’s house to spend the evenings with others.
Answer:
(d) He went to the lawyer’s house to spend the evenings with others.

Question 8.
What used to happen there ? [ 1 ]
(a) Even there, everyone made fun of him.
(b) Even there he met middle aged men.
(c) Even there he told stories.
(d) Even there he had his audience enthralled.
Answer:
(a) Even there, everyone made fun of him.

Question 9.
What effect did the attitude of the people at these meetings have on Bonku Babu ? [1]
(a) He was happy.
(b) He was excited.
(c) He was brought to breaking point.
(d) He was broke.
Answer:
(c) He was brought to breaking point.

Question 10.
What unusual thing happened that day ? [ 1 ]
(a) He kept his mouth shut.
(b) He kept his mind closed.
(c) He spoke up.
(d) He refused to reply.
Answer:
(c) He spoke up.

Question 11.
What impression do you have of Bonku Babu’s character? [1]
(a) Afraid of his students.
(b) A good Geography teacher.
(c) Patient and Kindly.
(d) Liked gatherings.
Answer:
(c) Patient and Kindly.

(iii) How did Bonku Babu respond to the good students ?

Question 1.
Firstly:   [1]
(a) He felt like rewarding them.
(b) He received an award.
(c) He gave them awards.
(d) He felt rewarded.
Answer:
(d) He felt rewarded.

Question 2.
They also: [1]
(a) Made his teaching alive.
(b) Lived through his teaching.
(c) Made life worth living.
(d) Made him a living.
Answer:
(c) Made life worth living.

Question 3.
So, he : [1]
(a) invited him to his classes.
(b) invited them to his classes!
(c) invited them to his home.
(id) held his classes at home.
Answer:
(c) invited them to his home.

Question 4.
There he: [1]
(a) wrote books for them.
(b) served them snacks.
(c) gave them tuitions.
(d) told them ghost stories.
Answer:
(b) served them snacks.

Question 5.
Then: [1]
(a) They played pranks on him.
(b) He played pranks on them.
(c) He told the stories.
(d) He told them stories.
Answer:
(d) He told them stories.

Question 6.
He was a good storyteller and so his audience was : [1]
(a) Thrilled
(b) Enthralled
(c) Trolled
(d) Enrolled
Answer:
(b) Enthralled.

Question 2.
(i) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the word from the options provided after each. The first one has been done for you.

A farmer (i) lived (live) on the same farm all his life. It (1) ………………….. (be) a good farm. As the years (2) ………………….. (pass) the farmer (3) ………………….. (begin) to tire and he (4) ………………….. (long) for change for something better.

1. [1]
(a) is
(b) was
(c) are
(d) on
Answer:
(b) was

2. [1]
(a) passed
(b) passinf
(c) past
(d) pass
Answer:
(a) passed

3. [1]
(d) begins
(b) begun
(c) began
(d) beginning
Answer:
(c) began

4. [1]
(a) longs
(b) longed
(c) longing
(d) longingly
Answer:
(b) longed

(ii) Choose the correct option to fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
Many species of insects were wiped …………… when the jungle was cleared. [1]
(a) of
(b) out
(c) away
(d) off
Answer:
(b) out

Question 2.
You can obtain the answer ………………… adding. [1]
(a) by
(b) to
(c) on
(d) in
Answer:
(a) by

Question 3.
On hearing the siren, I pulled ……………. stopped the car. [1]
(a) in
(b) up
(c) down
(d) over
Answer:
(a) in

Question 4.
I intend to visit my parents …………….. this weekend [1]
(a) during
(b) on
(c) at
(d) in
Answer:
(b) on

(iii) Choose the correct option to join the following sentences without using ‘and’, ‘but’ or ‘so’:

Question 1.
He will be late. It is certain. [1]
(a) He is certainly late.
(b) It is late he will be certain.
(c) He is certain to be late.
(d) He is certain that he will be late.
Answer:
(d) He is certain that he will be late.

Question 2.
She keeps her money in the purse. This is the purse. [1]
(a) She keeps the purse with the money.
(b) This is the purse where she keeps her money .
(c) This is the money which she keeps in the purse.
(d) The money in the purse is here.
Answer:
(b) This is the purse where she keeps her money.

Question 3.
He said something. I did not hear. [1]
(a) I hear he said something.
(b) I heard something what he said.
(c) I did not hear what he said.
(d) I did hear what he said.
Answer:
(c) I did not hear what he said.

Question 4.
He may be blunt. He is at least honest. [1]
(a) Although he is blunt, he is at least honest.
(b) He may be blunt and honest at least.
(c) He is blunt and at least honest.
(d) He is at least blunt and honest.
Answer:
(a) Although he is blunt, he is at least honest.

Question 3.
(i) Read each sentence with its instructions, choose the correct answer from the options provided beneath each.

Question 1.
The news has been brought to us by him. [ 1 ]
(Begin: He ……………)
(a) He brought us the news.
(b) He was brought the news to us.
(c) He has brought us the news.
(d) He bought us the news.
Answer:
(c) He has brought us the news.

Question 2.
The National Anthem began when I reached school. [1]
(Begin: No sooner ……………)
(a) No sooner had the National Anthem began then I reached school.
(b) No sooner had I reached school than the National Anthem began.
(c) No sooner does the National Anthem begin than I reached school.
(d) No sooner had I reached school then the National . Anthem began.
Answer:
(b) No sooner had I reached school than the National Anthem began.

Question 3.
Rajiv is too weak to walk. [1]
(Begin: Rajiv is so.)
(a) Rajiv is so weak so he cannot walk.
(b) Rajiv is so weak to walk.
(c) Rajiv is so weak that he cannot walk.
(d) Rajiv is so weak that he can walk.
Answer:
(c) Rajiv is so weak that he cannot walk.

Question 4.
It is dangerous as well as illegal to ride a motorcycle without a helmet. . [1]
(Begin : It is not…….)
(a) It is not dangerous but illegal to ride a motorcy-cle without a helmet.
(b) It is not only dangerous but also illegal to ride a motorcycle without a helmet.
(c) It is not only dangerous and also illegal to ride a motorcycle without a helmet.
(d) It is not only dangerous and illegal to ride a mo-torcycle without a helmet.
Answer:
(b) It is not only dangerous but also illegal to ride a motorcycle without a helmet.

Question 5.
Nima would rather read a book than watch a movie. [1]
(Rewrite using ‘Prefer )
(a) Nima would rather prefer the movie to the book.
(b) Nima would prefer reading a book to watching a movie.
(c) Nima would prefer watched a movie to reading a book.
(d) Nima would prefer the book to watching a movie.
Answer:
(b) Nima would prefer reading a book to watching a movie.

Question 6.
He said, “Will you listen to such a man?” [1]
(Begin : He asked…)
(a) He asked them to listen to such a man.
(b) He asked them would you listen to such a man.
(c) He asked them whether they would listen to such a man.
(d) He asked them not to listen to such a man.
Answer:
(c) He asked them whether they would listen to such a man.

Question 7.
If you tell me the truth, I shall not punish you. [ 1 ]
(Use: ‘unless)
(a) Unless you tell me the truth, I shall punish you.
(b) Unless I punish you, you shall not tell me the truth.
(c) Unless I punish you, you shall tell me the truth.
(d) Unless you tell me the truth, I shall not punish you.
Answer:
(a) Unless you tell me the truth, I shall punish you.

Question 8.
In spite of repeated warnings Anshul paid no heed. [1]
(Use: ‘Despite)
(a) Despite paying repeated warnings Anshul does not heed.
(b) Despite repeated warnings Anshul paid no heed.
(c) Despite paying no heed Anshul has been repeat-edly warned.
(d) Despite of repeated warning Anshul paid no heed.
Answer:
(b) Despite repeated warnings Anshul paid no heed.

Solving ICSE Class 10 Hindi Previous Year Question Papers ICSE Class 10 Hindi Question Paper 2019 is the best way to boost your preparation for the board exams.

ICSE Class 10 Hindi Question Paper 2019 Solved

Section – A
(Attempt all questions)

Question 1.
Write a short composition in Hindi of approximately 250 words on any one of the following topics :- [15]

निम्नलिखित विषयों में से किसी एक विषय पर हिंदी में लगभग 250 शब्दों में संक्षिप्त लेख लिखिए :-
(i) आपके विद्यालय में एक मेले का आयोजन किया गया था। यह किस अवसर पर, किस उद्देश्य से किया गया था ? उसके लिए आपने क्या-क्या तैयारियाँ कीं ? आपने और आपके मित्रों ने एवम शिक्षकों ने उसमें क्या सहयोग दिया था ? इन बिंदुओं को आधार बनाकर एक प्रस्ताव विस्तार से लिखिए ।
(ii) यात्रा एक उत्तम रुचि है। यात्रा करने से ज्ञान तो बढ़ता ही है, स्थान विशेष की संस्कृति तथा परंपराओं का परिचय भी मिलता है। अपनी किसी यात्रा के अनुभव तथा रोमांच का वर्णन करते हुए एक प्रस्ताव लिखिए ।
(iii) ‘वन है तो भविष्य है’ आज हम उसी भविष्य को नष्ट कर रहे हैं, कैसे ? कथन को स्पष्ट करते हुए जीवन में वनों के महत्त्व पर अपने विचार लिखिए ।
(iv) एक मौलिक कहानी लिखिए जिसका अंत प्रस्तुत वाक्य से किया गया हो — और मैंने राहत की साँस लेते हुए सोचा कि आज मेरा मानव जीवन सफल हो गया।
(v) नीचे दिए गए चित्र को ध्यान से देखिए और चित्र को आधार बनाकर उसका परिचय देते हुए कोई लेख, घटना अथवा कहानी लिखिए, जिसका सीधा व स्पष्ट संबंध, चित्र से होना चाहिए।

Answer :
(i) मेरे विद्यालय में मेले का आयोजन
आज का युग विज्ञापन व प्रदर्शन का युग है । इस भौतिकवादी युग में नगरों तथा ग्रामों में तरह-तरह के मेलों का आयोजन किया जा रहा है। ऐसे ही आयोजन विद्यालयों व महाविद्यालयों में किए जा रहे हैं।
ऐसी ही कई प्रदर्शनियाँ हमारे नगर में भी लगती रहती हैं जिनका संबंध पुस्तकों, विज्ञान के उपकरणों, वस्त्रों आदि से होता है । मैं गत रविवार अपने विद्यालय में आयोजित ऐसे ही एक भव्य मेले में गया। मुझे बताया गया था कि वह प्रदर्शनी जैसे स्वरूप का मेला अब तक की सबसे बड़ी प्रदर्शनी है जिसमें देश-विदेश की कई बड़ी-बड़ी कंपनियाँ और निर्माता अपने उत्पादों को प्रदर्शित कर रहे हैं। इसी बात को ध्यान में रखकर मैं अपने पिताजी के साथ उस ‘एपेक्स ट्रेड फेयर’ नामक त्रि-दिवसीय मेले में चला गया।

मेला सचमुच विशाल एवं भव्य था । विद्यालय के सभागार के अतिरिक्त बाहर के पंडालों में भी शामियाने के नीचे स्टाल लगे हुए थे। हम पहले हॉल में गए। वहाँ सबसे पहले मोबाइल कंपनियों के स्टाल थे। नोकिया, सैमसंग, एयरटैल, वोडाफ़ोन, पिंग, रिलायंस आदि मुख्य कंपनियाँ थीं। सभी ने छूट और पैकेज की सूचनाएँ लगा रखी थीं। सेल्समैन आगंतुकों को लुभाने के लिए अपनी-अपनी बातें रख रहे थे ।

आगे बढ़े तो इलैक्ट्रोनिक का सामान दिखाई दिया जिनमें मुख्यतः माइक्रोवेव, एल.सी.डी., डी.वी.डी., कार स्टीरियो, कार टी.वी., ब्लैंडर, मिक्सर, ग्राईंडर, जूसर, वैक्यूम क्लीनर, इलैक्ट्रिक चिमनी, हेयर कटर, हेयर ड्रायर, गीज़र, हीटर, कन्वैक्टर, एयर कंडीशनर आदि अनेकानेक उत्पादों से जुड़ी कंपनियों के प्रतिनिधि अपना- अपना उत्पाद गर्व सहित प्रदर्शित कर रहे थे । इन मेलों का मुख्य लाभ यही है कि हम इनमें प्रदर्शन (फ्री डैमो) की क्रिया भी देख सकते हैं कि कौन-सा उत्पाद कैसे संचालित होगा और उसका परिणाम क्या सामने आएगा।

अगले स्टालों पर गृह सज्जा का सामान प्रदर्शित किया गया था । उसमें पर्दों, कालीनों और फानूसों की अधिकता थी। हॉल से बाहर आए तो हमें सबसे पहले खाद्य-पदार्थों और पेय पदार्थों के स्टाल दिखाई दिए। इनमें नमकीन, भुजिया, बिस्कुट, चॉकलेट, पापड़ी, अचार, चटनी, जैम, कैंडी, स्कवैश, रस, मुरब्बे, सवैयां आदि से जुड़े तरह-तरह के ब्रांड प्रदर्शित किए गए थे। चखने के लिए कटोरों में नमकीन रखे गए थे । पेय पदार्थों को भी चखकर देखा जा रहा था।

मेले के अगले चरण में वस्त्रों को दिखाया जा रहा था। इन स्टालों पर पुरुषों और स्त्रियों के वस्त्र प्रदर्शित किए गए थे। पोशाकों पर उनके नियत दाम भी लिखे गए थे । साड़ियों की तो भरमार थी। उसके आगे आभूषणों और साज-सज्जा (मेक-अप) के सामान प्रदर्शित किए थे। इन उत्पादों में महिलाओं की अधिक रुचि होती है। यही कारण था कि इस कोने में स्त्रियाँ ही स्त्रियाँ दिखाई दे रही थीं। इसके साथ ही हस्तशिल्प, हथकरघा और कुटीर उद्योगों द्वारा बना सामान दिखाया जा रहा था। हाथ के बने खिलौनों की खूब बिक्री हो रही थी। कुछ लोग हाथ से बुने थैले, स्वैटर और मैट खरीद रहे थे। सबके बाद मूर्तियों तथा तैल चित्रों को दिखाने का प्रबंध था । यह विलासित का कोना था क्योंकि उनमें से कोई भी वस्तु पाँच हजार रुपयों से कम मूल्य की नहीं थी। वहाँ इक्का-दुक्का लोग थे ।

इस प्रकार हमने मेले में जाकर न केवल उत्पादों के दर्शन किए परंतु उनके उपयोग की विधियों की भी जानकारी ली। खरीद के नाम पर हमने दो लखनवी कुर्ते, एक थैला, दो प्रकार के आचार तथा एक छोटा-सा लकड़ी का खिलौना खरीदा। सचमुच इस प्रकार के मेले आज के विज्ञापन तथा प्रतिस्पर्धा के युग में विशेष महत्त्व रखते हैं। मेले के साथ-साथ हमारे विद्यालय का नाम भी सुर्खियों में आ गया।

(ii) मेरी पहली यात्रा
जब से मैंने पर्वतीय स्थलों के विषय में जाना है, तभी से मेरे मन में यह प्रबल इच्छा उठने लगी थी कि मैं किसी लंबी यात्रा पर जाऊँ और किसी पर्वतीय स्थल की मनोरम घटा का आनंद उठाऊँ। मुझे लंबी यात्रा और पर्वतों का बहुत ही शौक था । पर्वत मुझे दूर से ही आकर्षित करते हैं। बहुत छुटपन में मैं जब कभी भी . किसी चित्र, चलचित्र या दूरदर्शन के कार्यक्रम में पर्वतीय स्थलों को देखता या ऊँचे टीले को साक्षात् देख लेता तो ऐसा लगता मानो मैं पर्वत की ओर भाग रहा हूँ और वह पर्वत या टीला मुझे आमंत्रित कर रहा है। तीव्रगामी रेलगाड़ी को देखकर मेरे मन में यह ललक उठती कि मैं भी उस पर सवार होकर कहीं दूर जा निकलूँ और खूब मौज मस्ती करूँ।

अंततः वह चिर प्रतीक्षित अवसर आ ही गया । मैं बजवाड़ा के सैनिक उच्चतर माध्यमिक विद्यालय में कक्षा नवम का छात्र था । विद्यालय की ओर से पर्वतीय स्थल की यात्रा का कार्यक्रम बनने लगा तो मैंने अपने सहपाठियों से मिलकर मसूरी जाने का प्रस्ताव रखा। हमारे प्रभारी अध्यापक हमें पुरी ले जाना चाहते थे परंतु मेरे पर्वतीय मोह ने उन्हें मसूरी चलने के लिए मना ही लिया ।

शनिवार को छुट्टियाँ हो रही थीं और हमने रविवार की रात को रेलयात्रा प्रारंभ करनी थी। मैं कई दिनों से अपने पापा और मम्मी की सहायता से अपना सामान तैयार कर रहा था। इसका यह परिणाम हुआ कि मैं शनिवार को ही सामान बाँधकर उसकी सूची हाथ में लेकर बैठ गया । वह रात प्रतीक्षा की रात थी । मेरे लिए वह रात पहाड़ जैसी थी जो बीत ही नहीं रही थी । रविवार को हमने होशियारपुर के रेलवे स्टेशन से अपनी रेल यात्रा प्रारंभ करनी थी । वहाँ तक हम अपने विद्यालय की बस में गए। संध्या छह बजकर पंद्रह मिनट पर ट्रेन छूटती थी । हम पाँच बजे ही रेल के डिब्बे में सवार हो गए और ट्रेन छूटने के समय की प्रतीक्षा करने लगे। अंततः वह क्षण आया जब गार्ड ने सीटी दी और हमारी लंबी यात्रा का प्रथम चरण शुरू हुआ । होशियारपुर से जालंधर पहुँचकर हमें देहरादून एक्सप्रेस पकड़नी थी जो रात नौ बजकर चालीस मिनट पर छूटती थी ।

जालंधर पहुँचकर हमारे प्रभारी ने हमसे कहा कि हम सब रेलवे अल्पाहार गृह में जाकर कुछ जलपान कर लें। दो लड़कों को सामान की रखवाली के लिए छोड़ दिया गया। बाद में उन्हें भी जलपान के लिए भेज दिया गया।

अमृतसर से चलकर देहरादून तक जाने वाली गाड़ी उचित समय पर आ गई। हमने ईश्वर का धन्यवाद किया क्योंकि प्रतीक्षा का एक-एक पल काटना भारी हो रहा था । रेलगाड़ी में आरक्षण होने के कारण हमें शायिका लेने में कोई कठिनाई नहीं हुई । मुझे खिड़की से बाहर देखना अच्छा लगता है परंतु अब घटाटोप अंधेरा था । विवश होकर मैं भी अन्य विद्यार्थियों की तरह सोने का प्रयास करने लगा ।

देहरादून को मसूरी का प्रवेश द्वार कहा जाता है और मसूरी को पर्वतों की रानी कहते हैं। देहरादून से आगे हमें बस से जाना था । मैं हरे-भरे पठार, घने जंगल, ऊँचे-ऊँचे पेड़ आदि देखकर मुग्ध हो रहा था। बस में सवार होकर चले तो आगे घुमावदार सड़क आने लगी। रास्ता चक्करदार था । कुछ लड़कों को मितली आने लगी। कई बार ऐसा लगता कि बस जहाँ पर अब हैं, वहीं पर घूम-घामकर पुनः पहुँच रही है। ऊँचे से और ऊँचे उठते हुए हमारी बस हमें मसूरी तक ले गई ।

मसूरी जाकर मुझे ऐसा लगा जैसे मैं प्रकृति की मनोरम और स्वर्गीय गोद में पहुँच गया हूँ। मैं अपने साथियों के साथ पूरे पाँच दिन तक मसूरी रहा। अब वह समय आया जब हमें लंबी यात्रा के इस पड़ाव को छोड़ना था । हमें पुनः उसी मार्ग से उतनी ही लंबी यात्रा पर निकलते हुए अपने-अपने घरों को लौटना था । बस ने हमें देहरादून लाकर छोड़ दिया । वहाँ से हम रिक्शों में बैठकर रेलवे स्टेशन पहुँचे और ट्रेन की प्रतीक्षा करने लगे । ट्रेन अभी रेलवे यार्ड में वाशिंग के लिए गई हुई थी । जब शाटिंग इंजन से खिंचती हुई वह पंद्रह डिब्बों की ट्रेन प्लेटफार्म पर आई तो हम उस पर सवार होने के लिए दौड़ पड़े। बुकिंग होने के बावजूद न जाने क्यों हम अपना स्थान पाने के लिए दौड़ पड़े। हमारे स्थान सुरक्षित थे । सात बजकर पैंतीस मिनट पर हमारी उलटी यात्रा प्रारंभ हुई और हम गाते-बजाते मौज मनाते जालंधर की ओर जा रहे थे। जालंधर कैंट पहुँचकर हमें उसी प्रकार ट्रेन बदलकर होशियारपुर जाना था जहाँ हमारे विद्यालय की बस पहले से ही हमारी प्रतीक्षा में खड़ी थी ।

इस प्रकार मेरे जीवन की पहली लंबी यात्रा संपन्न हुई। इस यात्रा के अनुभव आज भी मेरे मन को मुग्ध करते हैं। आज भी कई बार ऐसा लगता है कि मैं उसी तरह देहरादून एक्सप्रेस में बैठा हूँ और पहाड़ों की रानी मसूरी की ओर भाग रहा हूँ।

(iii) वन है तो भविष्य है
यह कथन शत-प्रतिशत सही है कि ‘वन है तो भविष्य है ‘ । वन मानव जीवन के लिए अनेक प्रकार से महत्त्वपूर्ण हैं । हम सभी जानते हैं कि पृथ्वी पर जीवन का आरंभ तब से ही हुआ, जब छोटे-छोटे हरे पौधों ने प्रकाश-संश्लेषण की क्रिया द्वारा अपना भोजन बनाना आरंभ किया। आज भी प्राण वायु ऑक्सीजन हमें वृक्ष ही देते हैं, इसीलिए भारतीय संस्कृति में वृक्षों की पूजा की जाती है। माँ के आँचल की भाँति वे हमें छाया देते हैं, माँ के पूत- पय की भाँति अमृतमयी जलधारा बरसाते हैं, भूमि की रक्षा कर हमें अन्न देते हैं, फल देते हैं ।

वृक्ष या वनों को मानव के चिर मित्र कहा जाए, तो यह युक्तिसंगत होगा। इनके लाभ को गिनना संभव ही नहीं । ये धरती के जीवनरक्षक हैं। अपने भोजन को बनाते हुए प्राणघातक कार्बन- (i डाइ-ऑक्साइड को लेकर हमें जीवनदायिनी ऑक्सीजन देते हैं। अपना भोजन बनाते हैं, लेकिन फल रूप में उसे संचित कर हमें लौटा देते हैं। हमारी भूमि को अपनी जड़ों से पकड़कर हमें खेती योग्य भूमि की हानि होने से बचाते हैं । इनकी हरीतिमा मनोहारी दृश्य उपस्थित करती है । इनके सघन कुंज वन्य जीवन को आवास और सुरक्षा प्रदान करते हैं । वृक्षों से हमें अनेक प्रकार की औषधियाँ प्राप्त होती हैं। इनकी पत्तियाँ झड़कर, सड़कर भी पुन: खाद के रूप में उपयोग में आती हैं। आज के जीव वैज्ञानिक मानते हैं कि हमारे पारिस्थितिक तंत्र (Ecosystem) को ये वृक्ष संतुलित करते हैं ।

वृक्षों से हमें अनेक लाभ हैं। पर्यावरण को सुरक्षा प्रदान करने के अलावा वृक्ष हमें अन्न, फल, फूल, जड़ी-बूटियाँ, ईंधन तथा इमारती लकड़ियाँ प्रदान करते हैं। वन वर्षा में सहायक होते हैं, भू-क्षरण को रोकते हैं तथा रेगिस्तान के प्रसार पर अंकुश लगाते हैं। अनेक जीव-जंतुओं को वृक्ष ही आश्रय देते हैं । अनेक उद्योग-धंधे वृक्षों से मिलने वाली सामग्री पर आधारित होते हैं । प्लाईवुड, कागज़, लाख, रेशम, रबड़ जैसे उद्योग-धंधे पूर्णतया वृक्षों पर ही आश्रित होते हैं।

आज जनसंख्या की वृद्धि के कारण आवास की गंभीर समस्या उत्पन्न हो गई है। भूमि की मात्रा बढ़ाई नहीं जा सकती, इसलिए जनसंख्या को आवास प्रदान करने के लिए वृक्षों की कटाई करना आवश्यक हो गया है, साथ ही नई औद्योगिक इकाइयाँ लगाने के लिए भी भूमि की कमी को दूर करने के लिए भी वृक्षों की अंधाधुंध कटाई की जा रही है। वृक्षों की कटाई के कारण पर्यावरण का संतुलन बिगड़ गया है तथा मौसम में अनियमित बदलाव देखने को मिलते हैं। अनेक प्राकृतिक विपदाएँ, जैसे- बाढ़, भूकंप, भूस्खलन, अनावृष्टि आदि वृक्षों की अनियंत्रित कटाई के कारण ही उत्पन्न हुई हैं। पेड़-पौधों की कटाई के कारण वन्य पशुओं की अनेक दुर्लभ प्रजातियाँ लुप्त हो गई हैं तथा धरती के सौंदर्य पर भी कुठाराघात हुआ है। बढ़ते हुए प्रदूषण के कारण अनेक बीमारियाँ बढ़ती जा रही हैं।

वनों की कटाई पर रोक लगाने के लिए हमारे देश में सन् 1950 में वन-महोत्सव को प्रारंभ किया गया, जो जुलाई माह में मनाया जाता है। सन् 1976 से वनों के काटने के लिए केंद्रीय सरकार की अनुमति प्राप्त करना अनिवार्य कर दिया गया है। राज्य सरकारें ‘वृक्ष लगाओ, धन कमाओ’ योजना के अंतर्गत अनेक बेरोज़गारों को रोज़गार दे रही हैं। उत्तराखंड के गढ़वाल क्षेत्र में ‘चिपको आंदोलन’ वृक्षों की कटाई को रोकने के लिए महत्त्वपूर्ण कार्य कर रहा है। वृक्षों के संरक्षण के संबंध में ग्रामीण समाज में जागृति लाना भी अत्यावश्यक है। भारतीय संस्कृति में तो वृक्षों की पूजा की जाती है। आम, पीपल, बरगद, केला, आँवला जैसे अनेक वृक्ष पवित्र माने जाते हैं । अतः प्रत्येक नागरिक का कर्तव्य है कि अधिक-से-अधिक वृक्ष लगाए तथा हरे-भरे पेड़ को कभी न काटे । ‘प्राकृतिक संपदा के कोष और नैसर्गिक सुषमा के आगार’ – वृक्षों के संरक्षण की आज नितांत आवश्यकता है।

(iv) कहानी : मेरा जीवन सफल हो गया
जीवन में अनेक स्मृतियाँ होती हैं जो दुखद भी होती हैं और सुखद भी । परंतु कुछ घटनाएँ ऐसी होती हैं जो न केवल हमें. सीख देती हैं अपितु हमारा जीवन बदलकर रख देती हैं। साथ ही हमें भावी जीवन के लिए भी दिशा प्रदान कर देती हैं। ऐसी ही एक घटना बचपन में मेरे साथ भी हुई जो थी तो दुखद परंतु उसका अंत बहुत सुखद था और मेरे लिए जीवन का नया रास्ता खुल गया ।

मेरे पिता बहुत बड़े व्यवसायी हैं और मैं अपने माता-पिता की इकलौती संतान हूँ, इसलिए मेरा लालन-पालन बड़े प्यार से हुआ जिसके कारण मैं जिद्दी और अहंकारी हो गया । मैं गरीब लोग, चाहे वे हमारे यहाँ काम करने वाले हों या दूसरे, किसी को कुछ नहीं समझता था । मैं सबका उपहास उड़ाता था और उन्हें तरह- तरह से तंग किया करता था । यहाँ तक कि कई बार मैंने अपने पिता से हमारे यहाँ काम करने वाले लोगों की झूठी शिकायतें की और उन पर लांछन लगाया जिस कारण उन्हें निर्दोष होते हुए भी प्रताड़ना सहनी पड़ी। कई लोगों को तो नौकरी से भी निकाल दिया गया। यह सब देखकर मुझे देखकर बहुत आनंद आता था । एक दिन मैं अपने मौसी के बच्चों के साथ घूमने राजस्थान गया । पिताजी ने हमारे साथ हमारे यहाँ काम करने वाले दो लोगों विकास और प्रभुदयाल को देखरेख के लिए साथ भेजा । रास्ते भर हम सब बच्चों ने उन्हें बहुत तंग किया, परंतु वे विवशता के कारण चुप रहे। हमने सबसे पहले जयपुर की सैर की । शरारती होने के कारण मैं इधर-उधर भाग रहा था कि अचानक मेरा धक्का खाकर विकास सामने से आते एक टैम्पो की चपेट में आ गया। टैम्पों की रफ्तार बहुत तेज़ थी और वह मारकर भाग गया। विकास को बहुत चोटें आईं मेरा सिर फट गया। जब तीन दिन बाद होश आया तो मैं अस्पताल में था और मेरे सिर पर पट्टियाँ बँधी थीं। मेरे माता-पिता भी आ गए थे ।

उन्होंने मुझे बताया कि बहुत खून बह जाने के कारण मेरी हालत गंभीर हो गई थी। डॉक्टर को खून चढ़ाना पड़ा। मुझे खून देने वाला ओर कोई नहीं बल्कि हमारे साथ गया हमारा नौकर प्रभुदयाल था । उसने मेरे दुर्व्यवहार के बावजूद न केवल रक्तदान देकर मुझे नया जीवन दिया बल्किं दिन-रात मेरी सेवा में लगा रहा। मम्मी-पापा ने जब उसके प्रति कृतज्ञता जताई तो उसने केवल इतना कहा कि इंसान ही इंसान के काम आता है। यह बात मेरे दिल को छू गई और मुझे अपने आप पर शर्म आने लगी तथा यह भी समझ में आ गया कि अमीर-गरीब, छोटा-बड़ा कुछ नहीं होता। जो समय पर सब कुछ भूलकर किसी की मदद करे वही बड़ा है और वही अमीर है। मैंने प्रवीन से माफ़ी माँगी और कहा कि मुझे आज यह सबक मिल गया है कि घमंड नहीं करना चाहिए तथा सभी को समान समझना चाहिए ।

इस घटना ने मेरे जीवन की दिशा ही बदल दी। उस दिन का वह सबक मेरे भावी जीवन में भी काम आएगा। इससे न मैं केवल एक सच्चा इंसान बन सकूँगा बल्कि भगवान के दिए इस अनमोल जीवन को दूसरों के काम में लगा सकूँगा । मैंने अपने हृदय परिवर्तन पर राहत की साँस ली और सोचा कि आज मेरा मानव जीवन सफल हो गया।

(v) चित्र प्रस्ताव : बाल मज़दूरी या बाल-श्रम प्रस्तुत चित्र का संबंध बाल मज़दूरी या बाल-श्रम से है । बाल-श्रम “किसी भी समाज व राष्ट्र के लिए सबसे बड़ा कलंक माना गया है । अंतर्राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर विभिन्न संस्थाएँ व ग़ैर-सरकारी संगठन और क्लब इस अभिशाप के उन्मूलन के लिए विश्व स्तर पर प्रयास कर रहे हैं।

प्रायः देखने में आता है कि जिस आयु में बच्चे विद्यालय की पोशाक पहनकर, साफ-सुथरे बनकर तथा पुस्तकों का बैग उठाकर पढ़ने जाते हैं, उस आयु के बच्चे विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में काम कर रहे होते हैं। खेतों, दुकानों, ढाबों, फैक्टरियों, लघु उद्योगों, भवन-निर्माण आदि से जुड़े हज़ारों-लाखों बाल- मज़दूर हैं। कई विषैले, घातक व अस्वास्थ्यकर व्यवसायों से भी बाल-श्रमिक जोड़े जा रहे हैं। पटाखे, आतिशबाजी, बीड़ी उद्योग व रसायनिक उद्योगों में भी इन अबोध बच्चों से मज़दूरी करवाई जाती है । कहा जाता है कि बच्चे देश का भविष्य होते हैं । आज का बच्चा कल का नेता, डॉक्टर, इंजीनियर, वैज्ञानिक, शोधार्थी, शिक्षाशास्त्री, व्यापारी, कलाकार आदि कुछ भी हो सकता है । अतः समाज, उत्पादकों तथा राष्ट्र नेताओं का यह परम कर्तव्य बन जाता है कि इन नन्हें अविकसित फूलों को विकास से पूर्व ही मुरझा जाने के लिए विवश न करें।

विश्व के कई देशों, विशेषकर एशियाई देशों में करोड़ों बच्चे अपने बचपन से ही वंचित किए जा रहे हैं । कई बच्चों को मार-पीट तथा क्रूर व्यवहार द्वारा बाल मज़दूरी के लिए बाध्य किया जा रहा है। कुछ बच्चों का अपहरण करके उनसे विविध क्षेत्रों में बलपूर्वक काम करवाया जा रहा है। कुछ देशों में कई ऐसे क्षेत्र भी देखे गए जहाँ बच्चों को बेच दिया जाता है और उन्हें खरीदने वाले उनका भरपूर शोषण करते हैं ।

अंतर्राष्ट्रीय श्रम संगठन का अनुमान है कि विकासशील देशों में 250 करोड़ों से भी अधिक ऐसे बाल मज़दूर हैं जिसकी आयु 5 से 14 वर्ष के बीच है । इनमें से 60% बच्चे एशिया में, 32% अफ्रीका में तथा 7% दक्षिणी अमेरिका में काम कर रहे हैं। काम करते समय उनका सामना खतरनाक अपशिष्ट से होता है, जो गंभीर स्वास्थ्य समस्याएँ पैदा कर सकता है । बाल-श्रम का मुख्य कारण निर्धनता व अभावग्रस्तता है । ऐसा भी देखा गया है कि कई निर्धन माता-पिता अपने बच्चों को किसी फैक्टरी मालिक के पास काम के लिए गिरवी रख देते हैं और उसके बदले में ऋण के रूप में तुरंत धन ले लेते हैं। कई बार बच्चा अपनी शारीरिक सीमा के कारण उतना कठोर काम नहीं कर सकता तो मालिक उसकी जीवन-यापन व आहार की आवश्यकताओं में कटौती लगा देता है । ऐसी दशा में बच्चा निम्नस्तरीय मानव की जीवन-शैली जीने के लिए विवश हो जाता है।

कितनी लज्जाजनक वास्तविकता है कि बाल-श्रम की दृष्टि से भारत में बाल मज़दूरों की संख्या सर्वोच्च है। अनुमान बताते हैं कि भारत में 60 से 115 लाख बाल श्रमिक हैं। इनमें से अधिकतर कृषि क्षेत्रों, पैकिंग, घरेलू नौकर, रत्नों के पत्थर पॉलिश करने, पटाखों की फैक्टरियों, बीड़ी के कारखानों और ढाबों-दुकानों में कार्यरत हैं ।

दिसंबर, 1996 में भारतीय सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने भारतीय बच्चों के पक्ष में ऐतिहासिक निर्णय लिया है। इस निर्णय के अनुसार उन मालिकों को दंडित करने का प्रावधान है, जो बच्चों को खतरनाक व्यवसाय में धकेलते हैं। अगले ही वर्ष 1997 में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने भारतीय ‘राष्ट्रीय मानवाधिकार आयोग’ (एन० एच० आर० सी) को आदेश देकर बंधुआ मजदूरी के विरुद्ध सभी राज्यों का पर्यवेक्षण करने को कहा। राज्य सरकारों ने ऐसे बाल मज़दूरों के उदाहरण ढूँढने के लिए कई सर्वेक्षण करवाए। कुछ मालिकों को अभियुक्त भी बनाया गया परंतु कोई भी जेल में बंद नहीं किया जा सका।

बाल- मज़दूरी के इस कलंक को मिटाने के लिए पूरे देश के प्रबुद्ध नागरिकों को आगे आना चाहिए। ग़ैर-सरकारी संगठनों की सहायता से प्रत्येक बच्चे की शिक्षा का प्रावधान करवाना चाहिए। आस-पास घरों या अन्य क्षेत्रों में बाल-श्रमिकों की जानकारी लेकर उन्हें शिक्षा की ओर प्रवृत्त करना चाहिए। सरकार द्वारा बनाए गए कानून का पालन करने के लिए हमारा सहयोग अनिवार्य है ।

Question 2.
Write a letter in Hindi in approximately 120 words on any one of the topics given below: [7]

निम्नलिखित में से किसी एक विषय पर हिंदी में लगभग 120 शब्दों में पत्र लिखिए:

(i) आप अपने परिवार के साथ किसी एक प्रदर्शनी (Exhibition) को देखने गए थे। वहाँ पर आपने क्या-क्या देखा ? वहाँ कौन-कौन सी चीजों ने आकर्षित किया ? जीवन में उनकी क्या उपयोगिता है ? अपना अनुभव बताते हुए अपने प्रिय मित्र को पत्र लिखिए।
(ii) दिन-प्रतिदिन बढ़ते हुए जल संकट की ओर ध्यान आकर्षित करते हुए नगर पालिका के अध्यक्ष को एक पत्र लिखिए जिसमें वर्षा के जल का संचयन (rain water harvesting) करने के लिए व्यापक स्तर पर परियोजना चलाने का सुझाव दिया गया हो।
Answer:
(i) परीक्षा भवन,
——- नगर ।
दिनांक : 18.9.20…….
प्रिय मित्र सुमंत,
सप्रेम नमस्कार ।
आशा है तुम स्वस्थ एवं सानंद होंगे। आज मैं तुम्हें अपना ऐसा अनुभव बताने जा रहा हूँ जिसे मैंने अपने परिवार के साथ एक प्रदर्शनी में जाकर प्राप्त किया ।

मित्र ! गत सप्ताह हमारे नगर में हस्तशिल्प की एक भव्य प्रदर्शनी आयोजित की गई। प्रदर्शनी पूरे सप्ताह चलने वाली थी, परंतु हम दूसरे ही दिन प्रदर्शनी देखने चले गए क्योंकि मुझे हस्तशिल्प के प्रति विशेष उत्साह था ।

मैं प्रदर्शनी में लोगों की कारीगरी देखकर दंग रह गया। मैंने प्राचीन हस्तकला के ऐसे नमूने कभी नहीं देखे थे । सबसे बड़ा विस्मय इस बात पर हुआ कि ग्रामीण लोगों ने कूड़ा समझी जाने वाली तुच्छ वस्तुओं से सुंदर कालीन, पायदान, चित्र, पत्रिका – स्टैंड, फ्रेम, मेजपोश, टोकरियाँ, आसन- न जाने कितनी आकर्षक वस्तुएँ बना डाली थीं।

शहतूत और बाँस की टहनियों से बनी वस्तुओं का तो रूप ही निराला था। वस्त्रों में रेशम, पशमीना व सूती कपड़ों पर भव्य कारीगरी दिखाई गई थी । हमने भी कुछ वस्त्र खरीदे और शाम होने पर घर आए। ऐसी ही प्रदर्शनी कभी फिर लगी, तो तुम्हें अवश्य सूचित करूँगा । तुम्हें बहुत आनंद आएगा । तुम्हारा अभिन्न मित्र
क. ख. ग.

(ii) सेवा में,
अध्यक्ष महोदय, नगरपालिका,
——– नगर ।
विषय : नगर में बढ़ रहा जल संकट ।
मान्य महोदय,
मैं इस पत्र द्वारा आपका ध्यान नगर में दिन-प्रतिदिन बढ़ते जल संकट की ओर दिलाना चाहता हूँ।
महोदय, हमारे नगर में जल सुविधाएँ नाममात्र हैं । प्रातः जल आपूर्ति पाँच से सात तक रहती है । दुपहर को आपूर्ति बंद रहती है। संध्या समय सात से आठ तक पानी आता है। जिन लोगों के घरों में हैंडपंप लगे हैं, उन्हें भी भारी असुविधा का सामना करना पड़ रहा है क्योंकि जल-स्तर बहुत नीचे चला गया है।

मेरी आपसे प्रार्थना है कि नगर में शिविर लगाकर लोगों को वर्षा के जल का संचयन करने की ओर प्रेरित किया जाए। संभव हो तो ऐसी व्यवस्था करने के लिए अनुदान की भी कुछ-न-कुछ व्यवस्था की जानी चाहिए। इससे लोगों को तो राहत मिलेगी ही, साथ ही साथ नगरपालिका के कार्य में भी सहजता आ सकेगी। राजस्थान के लोग वर्षा जल संचयन (Rain Water Harvesting) में अत्यंत दक्ष हैं। हमें उनसे प्रेरणा लेकर इस जल संकट का समाधान करना चाहिए ।
सधन्यवाद ।
भवदीय,
क. ख. ग.
207/40
न्यू शीतल नगर
——- प्रदेश
दिनांक 20-06-20 ……….

Question 3.
Read the passage given below and answer in Hindi the questions that follow, using your own words as far as possible :-

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को ध्यान से पढ़िए तथा उसके नीचे लिखे गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर हिंदी में लिखिए। उत्तर यथासंभव आपके अपने शब्दों में होने चाहिए :

एक रियासत थी। उसका नाम था कंचनगढ़। वहाँ बहुत गरीबी थी। लोग कमज़ोर थे और धरती में कुछ उगता न था । चारों और भुखमरी थी । एक दिन राजा कंचनदेव राज्य की दशा से चिंतित हो उठे । अचानक उनके पास एक साधु आए । राजा ने उन्हें प्रणाम किया। राजा ने साधु को अपने राज्य के बारे में बताया और कुछ उपाय करने की प्रार्थना की। साधु मुस्कराकर बोले – ” कंचनगढ़ के नीचे सोने की खान है ।” इतना कहकर साधु चले गए।

राजा ने खुदाई करवाई। वहाँ सोने की खान निकली। राजा का खजाना सोने से भर गया। राजा ने अपने राज्य में जगह-जगह मुफ़्त भोजनालय बनवाए, दवाखाने खुलवाए, चारागाह बनवाए तथा अन्य सुख-सुविधा के साधन उपलब्ध करा दिए। अब वहाँ कोई दुखी नहीं था। सब लोग खुश थे। धीरे-धीरे लोग आलसी हो गए। कोई काम नहीं करता था । भोजन तक मुफ़्त में मिलने लगा था। मंत्री ने राजा को बहुत समझाया और कहा – ” महाराज, लोग आलसी होते जा रहे हैं । उनको काम दिया जाए ।” परंतु राजा ने मंत्री की बात को टाल दिया ।

कंचनगढ़ की समृद्धि को देखकर पड़ोसी रियासत के राजा को ईर्ष्या हुई। उसने अचानक कंचनगढ़ पर चढ़ाई कर दी और माँग की – “सोना दो या लड़ो। ” कंचनगढ़ के आलसी लोगों ने राजा से कहा – ” हमारे पास बहुत सोना है, कुछ दे दें। बेकार खून क्यों बहाया जाए ?” राजा ने लोगों की बात मान ली और सोना दे दिया । कुछ दिनों बाद उसी पड़ोसी राजा ने कंचनगढ़ पर फिर चढ़ाई कर दी। इस बार उसका लालच और बढ़ गया था । इसी प्रकार उसने कई बार चढ़ाई कर – करके कंचनगढ़ से सोना ले लिया । यह सब देखकर राजा का मंत्री बहुत परेशान हो गया । वह राजा को समझाना चाहता था, किंतु राजा के सम्मुख कुछ बोलने की हिम्मत नहीं हो पा रही थी। अंत में उसने युक्ति से काम लिया ।

एक दिन मंत्री कंचनदेव को घुमाने के लिए नगर के पूर्व की ओर बने गुलाब के बाग की ओर ले गया। राजा कंचनदेव ने देखा कि बाग में दाने बिखरे पड़े हैं। कबूतर दाना चुग रहे हैं। थोड़ी दूर कुछ कबूतर मरे पड़े हैं। कुछ भी समझ में न आने पर राजा ने मरे हुए कबूतरों के बारे में मंत्री से पूछा ।

मंत्री ने बताया- “महाराज, इन्हें शिकारी पक्षियों ने मारा है ।” राजा ने ‘पूछा – “तो कबूतर भागते क्यों नहीं’ ‘भागते हैं लेकिन लालच में फिर से आ जाते हैं, क्योंकि उनके लिए यहाँ, आपकी आज्ञा से दाना डाला जाता है ।” – मंत्री ने बताया । राजा ने कहा – ” दाना डलवाना बंद कर दो।” मंत्री ने वैसा ही किया ।

राजा अगले दिन फिर घूमने निकले। उन्होंने देखा कि दाना तो नहीं है, किंतु कबूतर आ-जा रहे हैं। राजा ने मंत्री से इसका कारण पूछा। मंत्री ने बताया – ” महाराज, इन्हें बिना प्रयास के ही दाना मिल रहा था। यह अब दाने-चारे की तलाश की आदत भूल चुके हैं, आलसी हो गए हैं। शिकारी पक्षी इस बात को जानते हैं कि कबूतर तो यही आएँगे अतः वे इन्हें आसानी से मार डालते हैं । ” राजा चिंता में पड़ गए। उन्होंने शाम को मंत्री को बुलाकर कहा- ‘नगर के सारे मुफ़्त भोजनालय बंद करवा दो । जो मेहनत करे, वही खाए । लोग निकम्मे और आलसी होते जा रहे हैं । और हाँ, एक बात और । मैं अब शत्रु को सोना नहीं दूँगा, बल्कि उससे लड़ाई करूँगा । जाओ, सेना को मज़बूत करो।” मंत्री राजा की बात सुनकर बहुत खुश हो गया ।
(i) राजा कंचनदेव की चिंता का क्या कारण था ? उन्होंने साधु से क्या प्रार्थना की ? [2]
(ii) साधु ने राजा को क्या बताया ? उसके बाद राजा ने राज्य के लिए क्या-क्या कार्य किए ? [2]
(iii) पड़ोसी राजा के आक्रमण करने पर कंचनगढ़ का राजा क्या करता था और क्यों ? [2]
(iv) कबूतरों की दशा कैसी थी ? उस दशा को देखकर राजा ने क्या सीखा ? [2]
(v) राजा ने मंत्री को क्या आदेश दिए ? आदेश सुनकर मंत्री की क्या स्थिति हुई ?
Answer :
(i) राजा की चिंता का कारण राज्य की गरीबी, लोगों की कमज़ोरी व चारों ओर फैली भुखमरी थी । उसने साधु से राज्य के विषय में चर्चा करके कुछ उपाय करने की प्रार्थना की।

(ii) साधु ने राजा को बताया कि उसके राज्य कंचनगढ़ के नीचे सोने की खान है । राजा ने खुदाई करवाकर सोना प्राप्त किया और अपने राज्य में मुफ़्त भोजनालय और दवाखाने खुलवा दिए । चरागाह बनवाए और अन्य सुख-सुविधा के साधन उपलब्ध करवाए।

(iii) पड़ोसी रियासत के राजा के आक्रमण करने पर राजा सोने का कुछ भाग दे देता था क्योंकि उसकी प्रजा लड़कर खून बहाने के स्थान पर कुछ सोना देने का विचार रखती थी, क्योंकि मुफ़्त सुविधाएँ पाकर लोग आलसी हो चुके थे ।

(iv) कुछ कबूतर दाना चुग रहे थे और कुछ मरे पड़े थे। राजा के पूछने पर मंत्री ने बताया कि कबूतर भागते नहीं क्योंकि वे दाने के लालची हो गए हैं। राजा की आज्ञा से उन्हें मुफ़्त दाना डाला जाता है । इस दशा को देखकर राजा को कर्म करने का महत्त्व समझ में आ गया और उसने दाना डलवाना बंद कर दिया।

(v) राजा ने मंत्री को आदेश दिए कि आलसी और निकम्मों के लिए स्थापित सारे मुफ़्त भोजनालय बंद कर दिए जाएँ । परिश्रम करने वाला ही खाए। अब शत्रु को सोना नहीं दिया जाएगा। सेना मज़बूत की जाए और लड़ाई करके शत्रु को परास्त किया जाए।

Question 4.
Answer the following according to the instructions given :-

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर निर्देशानुसार लिखिए :-

(i) निम्नलिखित शब्दों में से किन्हीं दो शब्दों के विलोम लिखिए:-
अपना, देव, नवीन, सम्मानित । [1]
(ii) निम्नलिखित शब्दों में से किसी एक शब्द के दो पर्यायवाची शब्द लिखिए:
इच्छा, आदेश, शिक्षक । [1]
(iii) निम्नलिखित शब्दों में किन्हीं दो शब्दों से भाववाचक संज्ञा बनाइए:-
सफेद, युवा, हिंसक, जागना । [1]
(iv) निम्नलिखित शब्दों में से किन्हीं दो शब्दों के शुद्ध रूप लिखिए:-
कवित्री, आशीरवाद, कृतग्य, विदूशी । [1]
(v) निम्नलिखित मुहावरों में से किसी एक की सहायता से वाक्य बनाइए :-
चंपत होना, डींग हाँकना । [1]
(vi) कोष्ठक में दिए गए वाक्यों में निर्देशानुसार परिवर्तन कीजिए :-
(a) प्राचीन काल में लोग पत्तों की बनी कुटिया में रहते थे ।
[रेखांकित का एक शब्द लिखते हुए वाक्य पुन: लिखिए ] [1]
(b) बीमार होने के कारण सुमन समारोह में नहीं आ सकी।
[‘ इसलिए’ का प्रयोग कर वाक्य पुनः लिखिए ] [1]
(c) बच्चे आम तोड़ने के लिए वृक्षों पर चढ़ गए थे। [1]
[ वचन बदलिए]
Answer :
(i) पराया, दानव / राक्षस, प्राचीन, अपमानित ।

(ii) इच्छा – अभिलाषा, कामना ।
आदेश – आज्ञा, हुकम, समादेश ।
शिक्षक – अध्यापक, आचार्य ।

(iii) सफ़ेदी, यौवन, हिंसा, जागृति ।

(iv) कवयित्री, आशीर्वाद, कृतज्ञ, विदुषी ।

(v) चोर भरे बाज़ार में महिला का पर्स छीनकर चंपत हो गया । कर्म करने से सफलता मिलती है, डींग हाँकने से नहीं ।

(vi) (a) प्राचीनकाल में लोग पर्णकुटी में रहते थे
(b) सुमन बीमार थी इसलिए समारोह में नहीं आ सकी ।
(c) बच्चा आम तोड़ने के लिए वृक्ष पर चढ़ गया था।

Section-B (40 Marks)
Questions from only two of the following textbooks are to be answered.

Attempt four questions from this Section
You must answer at least one question from each of the two books, you have studied and any two other questions from the same books that you have chosen.

साहित्य सागर – संक्षिप्त कहानियाँ
(Sahitya Sagar – Short Stories)

Question 5.
Read the extract given below and answer in Hindi the questions that follow :-

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़िए और उसके नीचे लिखे प्रश्नों के उत्तर हिंदी में लिखिए :-

उसके अन्तस्तल में वह शोक जाकर बस गया था । वह प्राय: अकेला बैठा-बैठा शून्य मन से आकाश की ओर ताका करता। एक दिन उसने ऊपर आसमान में पतंग उड़ती देखी । न जाने क्या सोचकर उसका हृदय एकदम खिल उठा। विश्वेश्वर के पास जाकर बोला, “काका ! मुझे एक पतंग मँगा दो ।”
[‘काकी’ – सियारामशरण गुप्त ]
[‘Kaki’–Siyaramsharan Gupt]
(i) ‘उसके’ शब्द का प्रयोग किसके लिए किया गया है ? उसके दुखी होने का क्या कारण था ? [2]
(ii) क्या देखकर उसका हृदय खिल उठा था ? उसने अपने पिता से क्या माँगा ? [2]
(iii) उसने उस चीज का प्रबंध कैसे किया ? क्या उसके इस कार्य को अपराध कहना उचित होगा ? समझाइए । [3]
(iv) विश्वेश्वर ने बालक के साथ कैसा व्यवहार किया ? संक्षेप में समझाते हुए उनके इस तरह के व्यवहार का कारण तथा सच्चाई जानने के बाद की स्थिति का भी वर्णन कीजिए।[3]
Answer :
(i) ‘उसके’ शब्द का प्रयोग श्यामू के लिए किया गया है। उसके दुखी होने का कारण उसकी माँ की मृत्यु थी

(ii) एक दिन श्यामू अकेला बैठा आकाश की ओर ताक रहा था तो उसने एक उड़ती पतंग देखी। पतंग देखकर उसका हृदय खिल उठा । उसने अपने पिता से एक पतंग माँगी ।

(iii) पिता ने ‘हाँ’ करके भी श्यामू को पतंग लाकर नहीं दी तो उसने पिता के कोट से एक चवन्नी चुरा ली और सुखिया दासी के पुत्र भोला से पतंग मँगवा ली। यह कार्य चोरी के अपराध में आता है परंतु अपनी माँ के मोह में जकड़े श्यामू के लिए यह कतई अपराध न था ।

(iv) विश्वेश्वर को अपने कोट से रुपया चोरी होने का पता चला तो वे श्यामू से पूछते हैं। डरकर भोला ने सारी कहानी बता दी । पिता ने श्यामू के दो तमाचे जड़ दिए और पतंग फाड़ डाली। परंतु जब उन्हें चोरी के कारण का पता चला तो उनका सारा क्रोध शांत हो गया और उनके मन में पीड़ा जाग उठी।

Question 6.
Read the extract given below and answer in Hindi the questions that follow :-

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़िए और उसके नीचे लिखे प्रश्नों के उत्तर हिंदी में लिखिए :-

विदेशों में उसके चित्रों की धूम मच गयी । भिखारिन और दो अनाथ बच्चों के उस चित्र की प्रशंसा में तो अखबारों के कॉलम के कॉलम भर गए । शोहरत से ऊँचे कगार पर बैठ चित्रा जैसे अपना सब कुछ भूल गयी ।
[‘दो कलाकार’ – मन्नु भंडारी ]
[‘Do Kalakar’ – Mannu Bhandari ]

(i) ‘उसके चित्रों’ से क्या तात्पर्य है ? समझाइए । [2]
(ii) चित्रा कौन थी ? उसके चरित्र की मुख्य विशेषता को बताइए। [2]
(iii) अरूणा कौन थी जब उसे भिखारिन वाली घटना का पता चला तो उसपर क्या प्रभाव पड़ा और उसने क्या किया ? [3]
(iv) चित्रकारिता और समाज सेवा में आप किसे उपयोगी मानते हैं और क्यों ? कहानी के माध्यम से समझाइए । [3]
Answer :
(i) ‘उसके चित्रों’ से तात्पर्य चित्रा द्वारा बनाए गए चित्रों से है। वह एक श्रेष्ठ कलाकार थी और उसके चित्रों का संबंध जीवन से न होकर केवल कला से था ।

(ii) चित्रा धनी पिता की इकलौती बेटी है। उसका शौक चित्रकला है । उसमें मानवता और संवेदना की कमी है। उसकी दृष्टि कला को कला के लिए मानने वाली है ।

(iii) अरुणा चित्रा की सहपाठिन सखी थी । उसके जीवन का उद्देश्य मानवता की सेवा है। वह भिखारिन की मृत्यु पर उसके दोनों बच्चों को अपना लेती है ।

(iv) चित्रकारिता और समाजसेवा में निश्चित रूप से समाजसेवा उपयोगी है क्योंकि इसका संबंध मानवता से है । जो कला जीवन को महत्त्व न दे, वह कला नहीं है । कला और कलाकार वही सार्थक है जो अरूणा की तरह संवेदना से भरा हो । चित्र जैसा भौतिकवादी कलाकार मानवता के लिए व्यर्थ है ।

Question 7.
Read the extract given below and answer in Hindi the questions that follow :-

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़िए और उसके नीचे लिखे प्रश्नों के उत्तर हिंदी में लिखिए :-

मैंने देखा कि कुहरे की सफेदी में कुछ ही हाथ दूर से एक काली सी मूर्ति हमारी तरफ आ रही थी । मैंने कहा – ” होगा कोई।” तीन गज की दूरी से दिख पड़ा, एक लड़का, सिर के बड़े-बड़े बाल खुजलाता चला आ रहा था। नंगे पैर, नंगे सिर, एक मैली-सी कमीज़ लटकाए है ।
[‘अपना-अपना भाग्य’ – जैनेन्द्र कुमार ]
[‘Apna-Apna Bhagya’-Jainendra Kumar]

(i) यहाँ पर किस बालक के संदर्भ में कहा गया है ? उस समय उसकी क्या स्थिति थी ? [2]
(ii) बालक ने अपने घर-परिवार के संबंध में क्या-क्या बताया ? [2]
(iii) इस समय उस बालक के सामने कौन-सी समस्या थी ? क्या उस समस्या का हल हो पाया ? यदि नहीं तो क्यों ? [3]
(iv) इस कहानी के माध्यम से लेखक ने हमें क्या संदेश देना चाहा है ? उदाहरण सहित स्पष्ट कीजिए । [3]
Answer :
(i) यहाँ पर एक ऐसे निर्धन, असहाय और शोषित पहाड़ी बालक के विषय में कहा गया है जो बर्फ़ में ठिठुर कर दम तोड़ देता है । उसके सिर, पैर, नंगे थे। शरीर पर केवल एक मैली-सी कमीज़ थी।

(ii) बालक ने बताया कि वह गरीबी से तंग आकर नैनीताल भाग आया है । उसके माता-पिता पंद्रह कोस दूर गाँव में रहते हैं । उसके कई भाई – बहन और माँ-बाप भूखे रह रहे थे ।

(iii) इस समय बालक के सामने रात काटने की और बर्फ़ के प्रकोप से बचने की समस्या थी । उसे उस दुकान पर से हटा दिया गया था, जहाँ वह काम करने के बाद सोता था । यह समस्या हल नहीं हो सकी क्योंकि वकील जैसे भद्रपुरुषों में मानवता नाम की कोई भावना नहीं थी।

(iv) प्रस्तुत कहानी द्वारा लेखक ने बताया है कि आज के लोगों में दया और मानवता की भावना शून्य होती जा रही है। लोग किसी विवश व अभावग्रस्त दुखी बालक पर दया नहीं दिखाते। वकील साहब जैसे लोग स्वार्थी, हृदयहीन और संवेदनहीन हैं । इसी निर्ममता ने बालक की जान ले ली।

साहित्य सागर पद्य भाग
(Sahitya Sagar – Poems )

Question 8.
Read the extract given below and answer in Hindi the questions that follow :-

निम्नलिखित पद्यांश को पढ़िए और उसके नीचे लिखे प्रश्नों के उत्तर हिंदी में लिखिए :-

” मैया मेरी, चंद्र खिलौना लैहौं ।।
धौरी को पय पान न करिहौं, बेनी सिर न गुथैहौं ।
मोतिन माल न धरिहौं उर पर झुंगली कंठ न लैहौं ।
जैहौं लोट अबहिं धरनी पर, तेरी गोद न ऐहौं । ।
लाल कहैहौं नंद बाबा को, तेरो सुत न कहौं । । ”
[‘सूर के पद’- सूरदास ]
[‘Sur Ke Pad’ – Surdas ]

(i) प्रस्तुत पद्य में कौन अपनी माता से जिद कर रहे हैं ? वे क्या प्राप्त करना चाहते हैं ? [2]
(ii) उनकी माता कौन हैं ? वे अपने पुत्र को देखकर कैसा अनुभव कर रही हैं ? स्पष्ट कीजिए । [2]
(iii) खिलौना न मिलने की स्थिति में बाल कृष्ण अपनी माँ को क्या- क्या धमकियाँ दे रहे हैं ? स्पष्ट कीजिए । [3]
(iv) रूठे हुए बालक को बहलाने के लिए माँ क्या कहती है ? बालक पर उसका क्या प्रभाव पड़ता है ? सूरदास जी की भक्ति भावना का परिचय देते हुए समझाइए । [3]
Answer:
(i) प्रस्तुत पद्य में कवि सूरदास ने वात्सल्य रस का चित्रण किया है । कृष्ण की बाल लीला अद्भुत है । वे अपनी माता यशोदा से चाँद को खिलौने के रूप में माँग रहे हैं ।

(ii) कृष्ण की माता यशोदा है । वे अपने पुत्र की बालसुलभ लीलाओं को देख-सुनकर मंत्रमुग्ध हो रही हैं । उन्हें अपने पुत्र के बाल हठ पर आनंद का अनुभव हो रहा है।

(iii) बाल कृष्ण अपनी माँ को दूध न पीने, चोटी न गुँथवाने, मोतियों की माला न पहनने, गले में झंगुलि न पहनने धरती पर लेटने, गोद में न आने और यशोदा के स्थान पर नंद का पुत्र कहलाने की धमकियाँ दे रहे हैं ।

(iv) यशोदा अत्यंत चतुराई से कृष्ण के कान में कहती हैं कि वे उसके लिए चंद्र से भी सुंदर दुलहन लाएँगी। माँ की यह रहस्य भरी बात सुनकर कृष्ण चंद्र रूपी खिलौना लेने का हठ भूल गए और तुरंत विवाह करवाने का हठ करने लगे। इस पद्य में सूरदास की वात्सल्य भाव की भक्ति का मनोरम वर्णन है ।

Question 9.
Read the extract given below and answer in Hindi the questions that follow :-

निम्नलिखित पद्यांश को पढ़िए और उसके नीचे लिखे प्रश्नों के उत्तर हिंदी में लिखिए :-

” न्यायोचित सुख सुलभ नहीं
‘जब तक मानव-मानव को
चैन कहाँ धरती पर तब तक
शांति कहाँ इस भव को ?
जब तक मनुज- मनुज का यह
सुख भाग नहीं सम होगा
शमित न होगा कोलाहल
संघर्ष नहीं कम होगा ।”
[‘ स्वर्ग बना सकते हैं ‘ – रामधारी सिंह ‘दिनकर’]
[‘Swarg Bana Sakte Hai’ – Ramdhari Singh ‘Dinkar’]

(i) ‘भव’ शब्द का क्या अर्थ है ? कवि के अनुसार इस भव में शांति क्यों नहीं है ? [2]
(ii) शब्दों के अर्थ लिखिए – न्यायोचित, सम, सुलभ, कोलाहल। [2]
(iii) ‘शमित न होगा कोलाहल संघर्ष नहीं कम होगा’ पंक्ति का भावार्थ लिखिए। [3]
(iv) उपरोक्त पंक्तियाँ ‘दिनकर जी’ की किस प्रसिद्ध रचना से ली गई हैं ? कविता का केंद्रीय भाव लिखते हुए बताइए । [3]
Answer :
(i) ‘ भव’ शब्द का अर्थ है – संसार । कवि का विचार है कि जब तक मनुष्य को धरती पर न्यायसंगत सुख प्राप्त नहीं होते, तब तक संसार में शांति संभव नहीं ।

(ii) न्याय की दृष्टि से उचित, समान, सुगम रूप से उपलब्ध, शोर ।

(iii) इस पंक्ति का अर्थ है कि जब तक संसार में समाज – सापेक्ष दृष्टि नहीं उपजती, तब तक संघर्ष और असंतोष का शोर कम नहीं होगा ।

(iv) प्रस्तुत पंक्तियाँ रामधारी सिंह दिनकर जी की प्रसिद्ध रचना ‘कुरुक्षेत्र’ से ली गई हैं। इस कविता का केंद्रीय भाव समतावाद से जुड़ा हुआ है । कवि का विचार है कि यदि हम प्रकृति द्वारा दी गई वस्तुओं व उपहारों का समान रूप से उपभोग करें तो यह धरती स्वर्ग बन सकती है और संघर्ष मिट सकते हैं ।

Question 10.
Read the extract given below and answer in Hindi the questions that follow :-

निम्नलिखित पद्यांश को पढ़िए और उसके नीचे लिखे प्रश्नों के उत्तर हिंदी में लिखिए:-

जन्मे जहाँ थे रघुपति जन्मी जहाँ थी सीता ।
श्री कृष्ण ने सुनाई, वंशी पुनीत गीता ।
गौतम ने जन्म लेकर जिसका सुयश बढ़ाया।
जग को दया दिखाई, जग को दिया दिखाया ।।
वह युद्धभूमि मेरी, वह बुद्धभूमि मेरी ।
वह जन्मभूमि मेरी, वह मातृभूमि मेरी ।।
[‘ वह जन्मभूमि मेरी’ – सोहनलाल द्विवेदी ]
[‘Wah Janamabhumi Meri’-Sohanlal Dwivedi]

(i) प्रस्तुत कविता किस प्रकार की है इस कविता में किसका गुणगान किया गया है ? [2]
(ii) कवि ने भारत को युद्धभूमि और बुद्धभूमि क्यों कहा है ? समझाकर लिखिए। [2]
(iii) प्रस्तुत कविता में जन्मभूमि की किन-किन प्राकृतिक विशेषताओं का उल्लेख किया गया है ? स्पष्ट कीजिए । [3]
(iv) प्रस्तुत पद्यांश में कवि ने भारत को किन-किन महापुरुषों की भूमि कहा है ? कविता का केंद्रीय भाव लिखते हुए स्पष्ट कीजिए । [3]
Answer:
(i) प्रस्तुत कविता देश-प्रेम से भरपूर कविता है। इसमें कवि ने भारतवर्ष की भूमि की प्रमुख विशेषताओं का गुणगान किया है।

(ii) कवि ने भारत को बुद्ध के कारण दया व अहिंसा का पुजारी स्वीकार किया है और इसे बुद्धभूमि कहा । दूसरी ओर आत्मसम्मान व मातृभूमि की रक्षा के लिए तैयार रहने वाले रण- बाँकुरों की ओर संकेत करके इसे युद्धभूमि कहा है।

(iii) प्रस्तुत कविता में जन्मभूमि को हिमालय की ऊँचाई, सिंधु की विशालता, गंगा, यमुना और त्रिवेणीजी की पवित्रता जैसी प्राकृतिक विशेषताओं के साथ जोड़ा है।

(iv) प्रस्तुत कविता में कवि ने भारत को राम-सीता, कृष्ण, गौतम बुद्ध जैसे महापुरुषों की भूमि कहा है । कवि के अनुसार यह जन्मभूमि आदर्शों, कर्मशीलता, मानवता और ममतामयी पवित्रता से जुड़े महापुरुषों की भव्य भूमि है ।

नया रास्ता – ( सुषमा अग्रवाल )
(Naya Raasta – Sushma Agarwal)

Question 11.
Read the extract given below and answer in Hindi the questions that follow :-

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़िए और उसके नीचे लिखे प्रश्नों के उत्तर हिंदी में लिखिए :-

” मीनू ……….अरे मीनू कैसे कर सकती है ? यह रस्म तो शादीशुदा बहन ही कर सकती है। मीनू की तो अभी शादी भी नहीं हुई । ”

(i) उपर्युक्त कथन की वक्ता कौन है ? उसका परिचय दीजिए। [2]
(ii) वक्ता ने क्यों कहा कि मीनू यह रस्म नहीं कर सकती ? यहाँ किस रस्म की बात हो रही है ? [2]
(iii) वक्ता की बात सुनकर मीनू तथा मीनू की माँ की स्थिति का वर्णन करते हुए बताइए कि क्या उसके द्वारा वह रस्म पूरी की गई थी ? स्पष्ट कीजिए । [3]
(iv) “एक अविवाहित स्त्री को समाज में उचित सम्मान नहीं मिलता।” उपन्यास के आधार पर अपने विचार लिखिए। [3]
Answer:
(i) प्रस्तुत कथन की वक्ता मीनू की बुआ है। वह परंपराओं से चिपकी हुई स्त्री है। रीति-रिवाज़ों के नाम पर उसके विचार बहुत पुरातन हैं । वह रीति के नाम पर किसी को भी चोट पहुँचा सकती है।

(ii) मीनू की छोटी बहन आशा की शादी हो रही थी । एक रस्म के अनुसार बड़ी बहन को आरती उतारनी थी। परंतु मीनू की अभी तक शादी नहीं हुई थी । अतः वह बड़ी बहन होकर भी इस रस्म को नहीं निभा सकती थी ।

(iii) बुआ की बात सुनकर मीनू की माँ ने दृढ़ता का परिचय दिया और निर्णय सुनाया कि मीनू ही वह रस्म निभाएगी। अतः पुरातनपंथी का विरोध करते हुए व्यवहारवादी दृष्टि अपनाई गई । विरोध व कटाक्ष की उपेक्षा करके मीनू ने आरती उतारी।

(iv) हमारा समाज अविवाहित स्त्री को सम्मान देने के पक्ष में नहीं रहा है। परंतु आज युग व दृष्टि बदल रही है। शिक्षित स्त्रियाँ प्रायः देरी से शादी करती हैं। वे पहले अपने आधार को सुदृढ़ करना चाहती हैं। उनके विचार विवाह के संदर्भ में बदलते जा रहे हैं ।

Question 12.
Read the extract given below and answer in Hindi the questions that follow :-

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़िए और उसके नीचे लिखे प्रश्नों के उत्तर हिंदी में लिखिए:-

आखिर सरिता को देखने का दिन आ ही गया। अमित के घर में विशेष चहल-पहल थी। अमित की माताजी में विशेष उत्साह नजर आ रहा था । माताजी के कहने में आकर उसके पिता भी इस रिश्ते में रुचि लेने थे। अमित की बहन मधु भी अपनी होने वाली भाभी को देखने के लिए उत्सुक थी।

(i) अमित कौन है ? उसका संक्षिप्त परिचय दीजिए। [2]
(ii) विशेष चहल-पहल का क्या कारण था, इस अवसर पर अमित की स्थिति स्पष्ट कीजिए । [2]
(iii) मायारामजी को स्वर्ग की अनुभूति कहाँ और कैसे होती है और क्यों होती है ? [3]
(iv) अमित और सरिता के बीच हुई बातचीत को संक्षेप में लिखिए। [3]
Answer:
(i) अमित मीनू को देखने आता है। उसकी माँ दहेज की लोभी है, परंतु वह विवाह के संदर्भ में व्यवहारवादी व मानवतावादी विचार रखता है। उसको दहेज जैसी कुप्रथा के प्रति घृणा है । इसीलिए वह अपनी माँ से धनीमल जैसे धनियों से रिश्ता तय न करने की बात करता है।

(ii) विशेष चहल-पहल का कारण यह था कि अमित के लिए सरिता को देखने का दिन आ गया था । मीनू और उसके माता-पिता को अमित के माता-पिता ने टालमटोल भरा पत्र लिख दिया था । वे धन की चकाचौंध में आ चुके थे । परंतु अमित इन लोगों के विपरीत उदास व चिंतित था ।

(iii) धनीमल की कोठी पर पहुँचते ही मायाराम को लगा, जैसे वे स्वर्ग में आ गए हों। सबका विशेष स्वागत किया गया। धन की चमक ने मायाराम का मन मोह लिया ।

(iv) अमित और सरिता की भेंट में सरिता ने बताया कि उसे घर के कामकाज में विशेष रुचि नहीं है । पिताजी शादी के बाद एक नौकर साथ भेज देंगे और सारा काम वही करेगा ।

Question 13.
Read the extract given below and answer in Hindi the questions that follow :-

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़िए और उसके नीचे लिखे प्रश्नों के उत्तर हिंदी में लिखिए:-

मीनू के हृदय में बचपन से ही अपंगों के लिए दया की भावना थी परंतु मनोहर को तो वैसे भी वह बचपन से जानती थी । इसीलिए उसकी यह हालत उससे देखी नहीं जा रही थी । मीनू ने मन ही मन निश्चय दिया कि वह किसी न किसी रूप में मनोहर की सहायता अवश्य करेगी। विवाह के फालतू खर्च में से कुछ रुपये बचाकर अपाहिज मनोहर की सहायता करने का उसने संकल्प लिया।

(i) मनोहर कौन था ? वह मीनू के पास क्यों आया था ? [2]
(ii) उसकी यह दशा कैसे हो गयी थी ? संक्षेप में समझाइए। [2]
(iii) मीनू ने मन ही मन क्या निश्चय किया और मनोहर की सहायता कैसे की ? [3]
(iv) मीनू के इस कार्य से आपको क्या प्रेरणा मिलती है ? क्या आपने भी कभी किसी की इस प्रकार से सहायता की है समझाइए। [3]
Answer :
(i) मनोहर राजो का चचेरा भाई है । वह मीनू के पास उसके विवाह में हाथ बँटाने आया है ।

(ii) मनोहर को एक फैक्ट्री में नौकरी मिली थी। काम करते हुए उसका पैर मशीन में आ गया। साथ ही सीधे हाथ की दो अँगुलियाँ भी कट गईं।

(iii) मीनू के मन में बाल्यकाल से ही अपंगों के प्रति विशेष दया- भावना थी । उसने मन ही मन यह निश्चय किया कि वह विवाह के खर्च से कटौती करके असहाय मनोहर की सहायता करेगी। उसने विचार-विमर्श के बाद उसे पान की दुकान खुलवा देने का निर्णय श्रेष्ठ लगा और उसने दुकान खुलवाकर उसका जीवन सुधार दिया।

(iv) मीनू का यह त्याग और अपंग- प्रेम निश्चित रूप से आदर्श और अनुकरणीय है । हम सभी को शादी में इस प्रकार के व्यर्थ खर्च की कटौती करके उन दीन-दुखियों की सहायता करनी चाहिए । मैंने तो नहीं, परंतु मेरे पिता जी ने एक अपंग विधवा को फोन- बूथ खुलवा कर दिया था जिसके बाद उसका जीवन सहज हो
गया था।

एकांकी संचय
(Ekanki Sanchay)

Question 14.
Read the extract given below and answer in Hindi the questions that follow :-

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़िए और उसके नीचे लिखे प्रश्नों के उत्तर हिंदी में लिखिए :-

अब भी आँखें नहीं खुलीं ? जो व्यवहार अपनी बेटी के लिए दूसरों से चाहते हो वही दूसरे की बेटी को भी दो । जब तक तुम बहू और बेटी को एक-सा नहीं समझोगे, न तुम्हें सुख मिलेगा, न शांति ।

[‘बहू की विदा’ – विनोद रस्तोगी ]
[‘Bahu Ki Vida’–Vinod Rastogi]

(i) वक्ता का परिचय देते हुए कथन का संदर्भ लिखिए। [2]
(ii) “अब भी आँखें नहीं खुलीं ?” कहने से वक्ता का क्या अभिप्राय है ? पाठ के संदर्भ में समझाइए । [2]
(iii) एकांकी के अंत में श्रोता क्या फैसला लेता है और क्यों ? समझाइए । [3]
(iv) इस एकांकी से आपको क्या शिक्षा मिलती है ? एकांकी के उदाहरण सहित स्पष्ट कीजिए ।
Answer :
(i) प्रस्तुत कथन की वक्ता राजेश्वरी है । वह जीवनलाल नामक एक धनी व्यापारी की पत्नी है । प्रस्तुत कथन उस समय का है जब जीवनलाल की बेटी के ससुराल वाले उसे राखी के अवसर पर मायके भेजने से मना कर देते हैं ।

(ii) ‘अब भी आँखें नहीं खुलीं ‘ – का अभिप्राय यह है कि जीवनलाल हठी और लोभी है। वह धन के लोभ में आकर अपनी पुत्रवधू को राखी के अवसर पर मायके नहीं भेजता। इधर उसकी अपनी पुत्री के ससुराल वाले जब उससे वैसा ही व्यवहार करते हैं तो समाचार पाकर आँखें खुलने की चर्चा हो रही है ।

(iii) एकांकी के अंत में जीवनलाल का हृदय परिवर्तन हो जाता है । अपनी पुत्री के साथ वैसा ही व्यवहार होते देख उसकी आँखें खुल गईं और उसने बहू को मायके के लिए विदा करने का निर्णय ले लिया ।

(iv) प्रस्तुत एकांकी से यही शिक्षा मिलती है कि हमें बहू के रूप में अपने घर में आई दूसरों की बेटियों के प्रति ऐसा व्यवहार नहीं करना चाहिए, जैसा हम अपनी बेटियों के साथ कभी भी नहीं देखना चाहते।

Question 15.
Read the extract given below and answer in Hindi the questions that follow :-

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़िए और उसके नीचे लिखे प्रश्नों के उत्तर हिंदी में लिखिए :-

आपके विवेक पर सबको विश्वास है । मैं आपसे निवेदन करने आई हूँ कि यद्यपि समय के फेर से आज हाड़ा, शक्ति और साधनों में मेवाड़ के उन्नत राज्य से छोटे हैं, फिर भी वे वीर हैं। मेवाड़ को विपत्ति के दिनों से सहायता देते रहे हैं । यदि उनसे कोई धृष्टता बन पड़ी हो, तो महाराणा उसे भूल जाएँ और राजपूत शक्तियों में स्नेह का संबंध बना रहने दें। [‘मातृभूमि का मान’ – हरिकृष्ण ‘प्रेमी’]
[‘Matribhoomi Ka Man’ – Harikrishna ‘Premi’]

(i) प्रस्तुत कथन किसने किससे कहा है ? स्पष्ट कीजिए। [2]
(ii) मेवाड़ को विपत्ति के दिनों में किसने सहायता दी है ? चारणी यह बात क्यों याद दिलाती है ? स्पष्ट कीजिए । [2]
(iii) चारणी ने महाराणा को अपनी प्रतिज्ञा पूरी करने का क्या उपाय बताया ? यह कितना उचित था, इस संदर्भ में अपने विचार दीजिए । [3]
(iv) ‘मातृभूमि का मान’ कैसी एकांकी है ? शीर्षक की सार्थकता सिद्ध करते हुए बताइए । [3]
Answer:
(i) प्रस्तुत संवाद चारणी ने महाराणा लाखा से कहा है । वह मेवाड़ के शासक महाराणा लाखा के सेना के सैनिक वीरसिंह की साथी है जो बूँदी का रहने वाला है।

(ii) मेवाड़ को उसकी विपत्ति के दिनों में हाड़ा जैसे छोटे राज्य सहायता देते रहे हैं । चारणी यह बात इसलिए याद दिलाना चाहती है क्योंकि वह संपूर्ण राजपूत राज्यों में स्नेह और एकसूत्रता का बंधन देखना चाहती है ।

(iii) चारणी ने महाराणा को बूँदी का एक नकली दुर्ग बनाने और : उसका नाश करके अपनी प्रतिज्ञा पूरी करने का उपाय बताया। यह उपाय ऐसा था कि किसी राजपूत राज्य की हानि भी न होती और महाराणा की प्रतिज्ञा भी पूरी हो जाती। यह ऐसा उत्तम उपाय था कि साँप भी मर जाए और लाठी भी न टूटे।

(iv) प्रस्तुत एकांकी में हाड़ा राजपूत वीरसिंह के बलिदान का चित्रण है। वह नकली दुर्ग को प्राणों से प्रिय मानकर बूँदी की रक्षा करते-करते मेवाड़ की भारी सेना के सामने अपना बलिदान देता है। इस बलिदान से यह लाभ हुआ कि राजपूतों की एकता का मार्ग प्रशस्त हो गया और मातृभूमि के मान को सर्वोपरि रखने वाले वीरसिंह की गाथा अमर हो गई।

Question 16.
Read the extract given below and answer in Hindi the questions that follow :-

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़िए और उसके नीचे लिखे प्रश्नों के उत्तर हिंदी में लिखिए :-

बेटा, बड़प्पन बाहर की वस्तु नहीं – बड़प्पन तो मन का होना चाहिए। और फिर बेटा घृणा को घृणा से नहीं मिटाया जा सकता । बहू भी पृथक होना चाहेगी जब उसे घृणा के बदले घृणा दी जाएगी। लेकिन यदि उसे घृणा के बदले स्नेह मिले तो उसकी समस्त घृणा धुँधली पड़कर लुप्त हो जाएगी।
[‘ सूखी डाली ‘ – उपेन्द्रनाथ ‘ अश्क’ ]
[‘Sukhi Dali’ – Upendranath ‘Ashka’]

(i) प्रस्तुत कथन का वक्ता कौन है ? उसका संक्षिप्त परिचय दीजिए । [2]
(ii) श्रोता ने वक्ता को छोटी बहू के संबंध में क्या बताया था? [2]
(iii) वक्ता ने परिवार में एकता बनाए रखने का क्या उपाय निकाला ? क्या वे इसमें सफल हुए ? स्पष्ट कीजिए । [3]
(iv) प्रस्तुत एकांकी किस प्रकार की एकांकी है ? इस एकांकी लेखन का क्या उद्देश्य है ? [3]
Answer:
(i) प्रस्तुत कथन के वक्ता दादा हैं जिनका नाम मूलराज है। वे परिवार के मुखिया हैं ।

(ii) श्रोता परेश दादा मूलराज से कहता है कि छोटी बहू बेला का इस घर में मन नहीं लगता । उसे घर का कोई भी सदस्य पसंद नहीं करता। सभी उसकी निंदा करते हैं । अतः वह स्वतंत्र घर बसाकर रहना चाहती है।

(iii) वक्ता ने परिवार में एकता बनाए रखने के लिए परेश को सुझाव दिया कि वह बेला को साथ ले जाकर बाज़ार से उसकी पसंद की चीजें खरीदवा दे । वे यह भी कहते हैं कि वे घर में सभी को समझा देंगे कि कोई भी बेला का अपमान नहीं करेगा । वे इसमें सफल होते हैं क्योंकि घर के सभी सदस्य बेला को अधिक सम्मान देने लगते हैं जिसकी प्रतिक्रिया में छोटी बहू को बदलना पड़ता है।

(iv) प्रस्तुत एकांकी एक पारिवारिक एकांकी है जिसमें उपेंद्रनाथ अश्क संदेश दिया है कि यदि दूरदर्शिता, सूझबूझ और व्यावहारिकता से काम लिया जाए तो पारिवारिक समस्याओं को सुलझाया जा सकता है । छोटी-छोटी बातों का ध्यान रखने से हमारे परिवार बिखरने से बचाए जा सकते हैं।

Solving ICSE Class 10 History and Civics Previous Year Question Papers ICSE Class 10 History and Civics Question Paper 2015 is the best way to boost your preparation for the board exams.

ICSE Class 10 History and Civics Question Paper 2015 Solved

Part – I (30 Marks)
Attempt all questions from this Part

Question 1
(a) Name the two houses of the Union Parliament. [1]
Answer:

1. LokSabha
2. Rajya Sabha

(b) How many members are nominated by the President to the Lok Sabha? Which community do they represent? [1]
Answer:
Two-Anglo Indian

(c) What is the required quorum to hold the meetings of the LokSabha? [1]
Answer:
A quorum is the minimum number of members required to be present in the Lok Sabha / Rajya Sabha before a meeting is allowed to begin. One tenth of the total members of the Lok Sabha / Rajya Sabha must be present at the beginning of a sitting of the House including the Presiding Officer.

(d) Mention one provision of the Constitution which clearly establishes the supremacy of the Lok Sabha with regard to money-bills. [1]
Answer:

1. A money bill can be introduced in the Lok Sabha only, not in the Rajya Sabha.
2. The Rajya Sabha cannot reject a money bill. It can give its suggestions and return it to Lok Sabha within 14 days.

(e) Who has the power to promulgate an Ordinance at the Centre? When can it be promulgated? [1]
Answer:
President

• When the President is satisfied that immediate necessary legislative action is required.
• When the Parliament is not in session.

(f) Mention any one discretionary power of the President. [1]
Answer:
In the case of no single party getting a clear majority, a coalition of parties makes its claim to form the government. The President has to use his discretionary judgement and invite such a leader to head the government as Prime Minister who can provide a stable government to the country. His judgement and decision are of crucial importance.

(g) State any one qualification necessary for the election of the President of India. [1]
Answer:

• He should be a citizen of India.
• He should be of 35 years of age or above.

(h) Who is the’Chairman of the Rajya Sabha? [1]
Answer:
Vice President

(i) What happens if a Vote of No-Confidence is passed against a Minister in the Lok Sabha? [1]
Answer:
The Government is constitutionally bound to resign.

(j) State one advantage of a Lok Adalat. [1]
Answer:
A Lok Adalat delivers speedy and inexpensive justice.

Advantages of a Lok Adalat are as under:

• The Lok Adalats work in the spirit of compromise.
  This way both the parties feel that they have been treated fairly.
• The decisions passed by a Lok Adalat are final and binding on the parties. No appeal lies before any court against its decision.
• A Lok Adalat reduces the workload of other courts.
• A Lok Adalat delivers speedy and inexpensive justice.

Question 2.
(a) Mention two administrative changes that the British Government brought about regarding the East India Company’s rule in India. [2]
Answer:
(i) Position of Secretary of State : The Act of 1858 abolished the Company’s Board of Control and the Court of Directors. All their powers were transferred to a Cabinet Minister, known as the Secretary of State.
He was to be advised by a Council consisting of 15 members.

(ii) Position of Governor-General : The designation of the Governor-General was changed. He was designated as the Viceroy while representing the British government in England. It was his duty to run the Indian administration on behalf of the Crown. He was under the control of the Secretary of State for India.

(b) Mention any two contributions of Jyotiba Phule in preparing the ground for the National Movement. [2]
Answer:
(b) (i) In 1873, Jyotirao formed ‘Satya Shodhak Samaj’ (Society of Seekers of Truth). The main objectives of the organization were to liberate the Shudras and Ati Shudras and to prevent their ‘exploitation’ by the upper caste like Brahmans.

(ii) He opposed idolatry and denounced the caste system rejected the need for a Brahman priestly class as educational and religious leaders. This promoted the spirit of unity and belongingness among the people.

(c) ** Who founded the Home Rule Leagues in India? What was its objective? [2]

(d) Who is regarded as the political guru Mahatma Gandhi? Give a reason for him being considered as the Mahatma’s Guru. [2]
Answer:
Gopal Krishna Gokhale
In 1912, Gokhale went to South Africa where he helped Gandhiji in his fight against racial discrimination. The credit of persuading Gandhiji to return to India and join Indian public life also goes to Gokhale.

(e) Mention any two causes for the rise of Assertive Nationalism. [2]
Answer:

• Repressive policies of Lord Curzon.
• Failure of the moderates.

(f) Why was the Simon Commission rejected by theCongress? [2]
Answer:

• It was boycotted everywhere because all its members were, Englishmen.
• The government showed no inclination towards accepting the demand for Swaraj.

(g) Who founded the Forward Bloc? Mention any one of its objectives. [2]
Answer:
Subhash Chandra Bose: The main aim was the immediate liberation of India.

(h) What is the meaning of ‘Fascism ’? [2]
Answer:
Fascism is drawn from the Latin word ‘Fasces’, meaning a bundle of rods tied together, signifying unity, strength and authority.
The Triple Entente was formed between Britain, France and Russia.

(i) Name the two rival blocs formed in Europe before World War I. [2]

(j) What is meant by the term ‘Non-AlignedMovement’? [2]
Answer:
Non-Alignment is the international policy of a sovereign state according to which it does not align itself with any of the power blocks and at the same time actively participates in the world affairs to promote international peace, harmony and cooperation.

Part – II (50 Marks)
Section-A
Attempt any two questions from this Section

Question 3.
The Rajya Sabha is the second chamber of the Indian Parliament and represents the interest of the States. In this context explain the following:
(a) Its composition. [3]
Answer:
The strength of the Rajya Sabha is fixed at 250 members. There are two categories of members: First, the elected members; and second, the nominated members.

Elected Members:
There are 238 elected members, who represent the 28 States and the Union Territories, including the National Capital Territory, Delhi. Seats are allotted to them on the basis of their population. For example, Uttar Pradesh, with a population of nearly 16 crores is represented in the Rajya Sabha by 31 members, which is die largest. Goa, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura send only one member each to the Rajya Sabha.

Nominated Members:
The President nominates 12 members to the Rajya Sabha. These are eminent persons from the fields of Literature, Science, Art and Social Service. They are nominated for six years, with a provision that one-third (i.e., 4 out of 12) shall retire after every two years. These nominations are made by the President on the advice and recommendations of the’Prime Minister.

(b) Qualifications for membership. [3]
Answer:
In order to become a member of the Rajya Sabha, a person must possess the following qualifications:

• He should be a citizen of India.
• He should be at least of 30 years.
• He should have such other qualifications as may be prescribed by law from time to time.

(c) Term of the House and any two of its legislative powers. [4]
Answer:
6 years

• All Bills, except Money Bills, can originate in the Rajya Sabha. No Bill can become a law, unless it is passed by both the Houses of the Parliament.
• The Rajya Sabha can impeach the President on the charge of violating the constitution.

Question 4.
The makers’of our constitution adopted the Parliamentary and the Cabinetform of Government With reference to this, answer the following questions:
(a) (i) Who is the Constitutional Head of the Union Government? [3]
(ii) What is meant by the Collective and Individual Responsibility of the members of the Cabinet?
Answer:
(i) Prime Minister.

(ii) Collective or Joint Responsibility: The Council of Ministers (Cabinet) is jointly or collectively responsible to the Parliament. Once they have reached a decision after full and frank discussion in the meeting of the Council of Ministers (Cabinet) under Prime Minister’s chairmanship, all the Ministers must defend it inside the Parliament and in the public. They must not criticise it or go against it They may, however, resign if there is serious difference of opinion. The Council of Ministers and the Cabinet must sink and swim together. This is called Collective. or Joint responsibility. The concept of collective responsibility of the Cabinet is the most important aspect of Cabinet system.

Individual Responsibility: If, however, a Minister has taken a departmental decision independently in the best interest of the department, then he is individually responsible to the President, practically to the Prime Minister who can ask him to resign from his office. The concerned Minister acts accordingly.

(b) Explain briefly the position and powers of the Prime Minister in relation to the Cabinet. [3]
Answer:
In relation to the Cabinet or the Council of Ministers, the Prime Minister possesses the following powers :
(i) He forms the Council of Ministers and determines its size. He decides about the categories of Ministers and their portfolios. The Prime Minister holds tremendous power in this respect. His decision is final in such matters.

(ii) The Prime Minister can remove a Minister from the Council of Ministers by asking him to give his resignation from it. He can reallocate portfolios.

(iii) The Prime Minister summons the meetings of the Council of Ministers, and presides over them. He decides the agenda of the meetings and the order of discussion of the items of the agenda. After open discussion in the Cabinet, the Prime Minister concludes the discussion and gives his decision. This decision is considered as the decision of the whole Cabinet / Council of Ministers. Under the principle of Collective Responsibility, all are bound by this decision.

(iv) The Prime Minister has the power to co-ordinate the policies and the working of die different departments of the government In this way, it is Prime Minister’s function to ensure that all departments work in co-ordination with each other, according to the set policies and decisions of the Cabinet.

(c) Distinguish between the Cabinet and the Council of Ministers. [4]
Answer:

The Council of Ministers	The Cabinet
(a) It consists of all the four ranks of Ministers the Cabinet Ministers, the Ministers of State, the Deputy Ministers and Parliamentary Secretaries.	(a) The Cabinet generally consists of sehior Ministers holding Cabinet rank and important portfolios.
(b) The Council of Ministers is a large body, it meets occasionally.	(b) The Cabinet is a small and cohesive group which meets regularly.

Question 5.
With reference to our Judiciary, discuss the following:
(a) Why is the Judiciary kept independent of the control of the Executive and the Legislature? [3]
Answer:
(i) It is essential for the functioning of a democratic constitution, i.e., to be neutral and impartial in dispensation of justice, even if its judgements go against the Government of India (to order punishment of officials of the Government for failure to implement its judgements or orders) and annul laws made by legislature on the grounds of their being ultra vires (exceeding the powers granted by law) of the Constitution.

(ii) To safeguard the dignity of the judges or the court.

(b) What do we mean when we refer to the Supreme Court and the High Court as a court of Record’? [3]
Answer:
The Supreme Court of Record means:
Its decisions and decrees are recorded for evidence. These are used as precedents, i.e. the High Court and other courts are bound to give a similar decision ina similar case.

A High Court being a “Court of Record” means :

• Its judgements are kept as a record, and are used as precedent.
• If a person commits the contempt of High Court, it has die authority to punish him.

(c) Name the Writs that the High Courts are empowered to issue. What is meant by the Advisory Jurisdiction of the High Court? [4]
Answer:
All the High Courts can issue Writs e.g., the Writs of Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Quo-warranto and Certiorari to protect the Fundamental Rights.

The President may seek Supreme Court’s opinion or advice on a question of law or fact, which is of public importance in the opinion of the President, whether it has actually arisen or is likely to arise. The Supreme Court may give its opinion, after such hearing as it may think fit. It is done by a Bench of five Judges, by a majority vote. The opinion of the Supreme Court is pronounced in the open’court. But the opinion of the Supreme Court is not binding on the President, as it is not a judicial decision . or pronouncement. It is only a consultative view. It must be noted that the Supreme Court is also not bound to give its advisory opinion when a reference is made to it by the President. The Supreme Court can decline to give its opinion. Usually, its opinion is rejected by all courts and tribunals.

Section-B
Attempt any three questions from this Section

Question 6
With reference to the growth of National consciousness in India explain each of the following:
(a) The immediate objectives of the Indian National Congress. [3]
Answer:

• Promotion of close relations between nationalist workers from different parts of the country.
• Development of the feeling of national unity, irrespective of caste, religion or region.
• The formulation of popular demands on main Indian problems and their presentation before the Government.
• To train and organise public opinion in the country.

(b) Two contributions of Dadabhai Naoroji. [3]
Answer:
(i) Dadabhai Naoroji was a great economic thinker. His views on Indian economy can be gathered from his classic work ‘Poverty and Un-British Rule in India’. Through his famous ‘Drain Theory’ he explained how India’s wealth was being taken away to England in various forms like:

(ii) Eli was one of the foremost leaders of the Congress for over 20 years. Thrice he presided over the Sessions of the Congress.

(c) The impact of the Swadeshi and the Boycott Movement. [4]
Answer:
(i) Impetus to Indian Industries : Boycott was mainly directed against British cloth, salt, shoes etc. This gave an impetus to Indian industries, as there was an increase in demand for the Indian goods.

(ii) Decline in Imports : Swadeshi means ‘of one’s own country’. After the movement people started using indigenous products. This helped in increasing the demand of Indian products. So, on the whole, both Swadeshi and Boycott movements helped in accelerating the growth of Indian industries.

Question 7.
In 1930 Mahatma Gandhi’s demands were rejected by the British, as a result of which he launched the Civil Disobedience Movement. In this context explain the following:

(a) Name the famous march undertaken by Gandhiji. Where did he begin this march? State two of its features. [3]
Answer:
Dandi March – 12th March 1930.

Features:

• He began his march from his ashram in Sabarmati (Gujarat). He launched the movement to break the Salt Laws. It was a symbol of defiance of the laws made by the Government.
• Another objective was to transform the national movement into a mass movement.

(b) The Gandhi-Irwin Pact as a consequence of this Movement. [3]
Answer:
Due to large scale participation of the people government came under pressure and signed Gandhi-Irwin pact in 1931. Under the pact government agreed to release all political prisoners whereas Congress agreed to participate in the Second Round Table Conference.

(c) Significance of the Second Round Table Conference. [4]
Answer:
The Second Round Table Conference was held in London on the 7th September, 1931 to 1st December, 1931, and Mahatma Gandhi participated in it as the sole representative of the Congress. The Second Round Table Conference discussed the federal concept, autonomous provinces, the communal question and the representation to the minorities – Muslims, Sikhs Anglo-Indians and Christians.

Question 8.
With reference to the transfer of power to India, answer the following:
(a) Explain the Cabinet Mission s proposals regarding the setting up of a Constitution making body. [3]
Answer:
Constituent Assembly : A Constituent Assembly consisting of 389 members – 292 members from provinces, 4 from the territories governed by Chief Commissioner and 93 from Indian Princely States would draft the Constitution of India.

(b) Mention any two clauses of the India Independence Act 1947. [3]
Answer:
(i) Two New Dominions: It provided for the setting up of two independent Dominions of India and Pakistan with effect from 15th of August, 1947, and demarcated the territories of each. Pakistan comprised of East Bengal, West Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, NWFP and Sylhet district of Assam. India was to comprise all the remaining territories of British India.

(ii) Each Dominion to have a Governor-General: Each of the Dominions was to have a separate Governor- General of its own to represent His Majesty’s Government. But he was to be only a constitutional head, and act on the advice of the ministers in all respects.

(c) Why did the Congress accept the Mountbatten Plan? [4]
Answer:
(i) Non-cooperative attitude of the League: The League had joined the Congress to obstruct the working of the Congress and not to cooperate with it.

(ii) Communal Riots : The large scale communal riots that engulfed the whole country convinced all that the only solution to the communal problem lay in the partition of India. These riots were the outcome of “Direct Action” Day by the League.

(iii) To get rid of undemocratic Procedures : The leaders felt that constitution of separate electorate and other undemocratic procedures would weaken the democracy. So to get rid of these, partition was a must.

(iv) Immediate end of the British rule : All the people and leaders were so fed up with the British rule that they wanted to get rid of their rule immediately and were ready to pay any price. Hence, partition was a price for immediate independence.

Question 9.
The War that broke out in 1914 was different from the previous wars in many ways. In this context discuss the following points briefly:
(a) Militant Nationalism as a cause of the War. [3]
Answer:
(i) Militant Nationalism and Mutual Rivalries: Nationalism in the 19th century had become competitive and aggressive. Love for one’s nation meant hatred towards other nations. The whole atmosphere was charged with narrow militant atmosphere and inter-state rivalries.

(ii) Militant and Armament Race: There was an armament race between the European nations, each one producing arms and ammunition for one’s security.

(b) How did the treaty of Versailles seek to cripple Germany s military strength? [3]
Answer:

• The German army was disbanded. She was allowed to keep only one lakh soldiers. The air force and sub marines were also banned. Her navy was limited to 15,000 men and 36 ships.
• Germany had to cede to the Allies her merchant ships as compensation.

(c) What was the territorial re-arrangement of Europe as a result of this War? [4]
Answer:
The political map of the world, especially that of the Europe, was transformed after the Peace Treaties.

• The old empires like German, the Austrian, Ottoman and Russia were shattered.
• Many new states such as Poland, Finland, Latavia, Lithunia, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia were created.

Before World War I, empires of Russia, Germany, Turkey, Austria etc. were ruled by the royal dynasties. But after the War, democratic governments were established in these areas.

• The German Emperor William II fled away and a democratic government was set up there.
• People’s Republic was set up in Russia after the Revolution of 1917.
• Republic was set up in Italy too.

Thus, after the end of War began a democratic era, with the people given more political rights, justice and opportunities of participation in the decision making.

Question 10.
The United Nations was established to be an effective peace keeping international organization. In this context explain the following:
(a) ‘Its objectives and purposes. [3]
Answer:
(a) To save the world from any other world war.
(b) To promote respect for Human Rights and Fundamental Freedom.
(c) To establish such a condition under which justice and respect for international law and treaties can be maintained.
(d) To promote social, economic and political justice.
(i) International Peace: This is one of the most important purposes of establishing the UNO. It should take effective measures for the removal of threats to the peace.

(ii) Friendly Relations: Its second most important purpose is to develop friendly relations among nations, based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self determination of people.

(ii) International Cooperation : Its third most important purpose is to promote international cooperation in solving international problems on economic, social, cultural or humanitarian charter.

(b) The meaning of Human Rights as incorporated in the Human Charter. [3]
Answer:
On 10th December, 1948, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted and proclaimed the Universal Declaration of the Human Rights. The Articles 1 and 2 are the most important.
Article 1 : All human beings are bom free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another with spirit of brotherhood.

Article 2 : Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction should be made on the basis of the political, jurisdiction or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, bust, non-self governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.

(c) Name the agency that the UN set up to deliver relief to children and mothers after World War II. State any three of its functions. [4]
Answer:
UNICEF : United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund

• To assist countries in providing protective food like milk, meat, fish, fats, etc. to the children and to train nutritionists.
• To take care of the women and pregnant mothers.
• To provide funds for training of health and sanitation workers and creche workers.

Solving ICSE Class 10 Hindi Previous Year Question Papers ICSE Class 10 Hindi Question Paper 2021 Semester 1 is the best way to boost your preparation for the board exams.

ICSE Class 10 Hindi Question Paper 2021 Solved Semester 1

Maximum Marks: 40
Time allowed: One and a half hours

General Instructions

• You will not be allowed to write during the first 10 minutes.
• This time is to be spent in reading the question paper. SECTION A is Compulsory.
• In SECTION B questions from any two books that you have studied to be answered.
• The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].
• Select the correct option for each of the following questions.

Question 1.
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़िए तथा उसके नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए-
थामस अल्वा एडिसन एक महान आविष्कारक थे । आज भी पूरी दुनिया इनके आविष्कारों का लोहा मानती है । अल्बर्ट आइंस्टीन जैसे चोटी के वैज्ञानिक भी इनके बहुत बड़े प्रशंसक थे । एडिसन बचपन में ही बहरे हो गये थे, लेकिन इस कमी का उन्हें कभी एहसास नहीं हुआ । उल्टे इसे उन्होंने वरदान ही माना । जीवनभर वह अनुसंधान करते रहे। बिजली का बल्ब, ग्रामोफोन, वोट रिकॉर्डर, चलचित्र कैमरा जैसे 2,500 आविष्कारों से उन्होंने मानव को सुख-समृद्धि प्रदान की । पोर्टहरन से डैट्रायट तक रेलगाड़ी के डिब्बे में सब्जी बेचने, अखबार निकालने से लेकर टेलीग्राफ ऑपरेटर के रूप में अपनी जीवन-यात्रा शुरू करने वाले एडिसन दुनिया भर में अपने आविष्कारों के लिए चर्चित हुए। उनका कहना था कि – ” बहरेपन ने मुझे गपशप के आनन्द से वंचित कर दिया पर इसकी मुझे खुशी ही है। रात को जिस होटल में मैं खाना खाने जाता, वहाँ जब दूसरे लोग गपशप में लगे होते, मैं अपनी समस्याओं के बारे में सोचता रहता । यदि मैंने भी वे सब फिजूल की बातें और आवाजें सुनी होती जो सामान्य आदमियों को सुननी पड़ती हैं तो शायद आज मुझमें इतना मनोबल न होता।” इस तरह से एडिसन ने बहरेपन के अभिशाप को वरदान में परिवर्तित कर दिखाया ।

(i) बचपन से ही एडीसन को किस समस्या का सामना करना पड़ा था ? [1]
(a) बहरेपन की समस्या का ।
(b) गूंगेपन की समस्या का ।
(c) लंगड़ेपन की समस्या का ।
(d) अंधेपन की समस्या का ।
Answer :
(a) बहरेपन की समस्या का ।

(ii) कौन से एक जाने-माने वैज्ञानिक थामस अल्वा एडिसन के बहुत बड़े प्रशंसक थे ? [1]
(a) न्यूटन
(b) अल्बर्ट आइन्स्टीन
(c) मारकोनी
(d) चार्ल्स डार्विन
Answer:
(b) अल्बर्ट आइन्स्टीन

(iii) निम्न में से कौन-सा आविष्कार एडिसन के द्वारा नहीं किया गया था ? [1]
(a) बिजली का बल्ब
(b) चलचित्र कैमरा
(c) ग्रामोफोन
(d) टेलीफोन
Answer:
(d) टेलिफोन

(iv) एडिसन के जीवन के शुरुआती दौर में कौन-सा कार्य उनके द्वारा किया गया था ?
(a) दूध बेचने का कार्य ।
(b) गाड़ी चलाने का कार्य ।
(c) सब्जी बेचने का कार्य ।
(d) बागवानी का कार्य ।
Answer :
(c) सब्जी बेचने का कार्य ।

(v) एडिसन दुनिया भर में क्यों चर्चित हुए ? [1]
(a) लेखन प्रतिभा के कारण ।
(b) रेलगाड़ी के डिब्बे बनाने के कारण ।
(c) अपने आविष्कार के कारण ।
(d) अखबार निकालने के कारण।
Answer :
(c) अपने आविष्कार के कारण।

(vi) एडिसन को किस बात की खुशी होती थी ?
(a) धन कमाने की खुशी ।
(b) नाम कमाने की खुशी ।
(c) गपशप के आनंद से वंचित होने की खुशी ।
(d) घूमने-फिरने के आनंद से वंचित होने की खुशी । [1]
Answer:
(c) गपशप के आनंद से वंचित होने की खुशी ।

(vii) जब होटल में खाना खाते समय लोग बातों में लगे रहते थे तब एडिसन क्या किया करते थे ?
(a) क्रोधित हो जाया करते थे ।
(b) अखबार पढ़ा करते थे ।
(c) कविताएँ लिखा करते थे ।
(d) अपनी समस्याओं के बारे में सोचा करते थे ।
Answer:
(d) अपनी समस्याओं के बारे में सोचा करते थे ।

(viii) एडिसन के कार्यों से सम्पूर्ण मानव जाति को क्या प्राप्त हुआ ? [1]
(a) धन-दौलत
(b) सुख-समृद्धि
(c) शांति और सहयोग
(d) आचार-विचार की शुद्धता
Answer:
(b) सुख-समृद्धि

(ix) ‘एडिसन जीवनभर अनुसंधान करते रहे । – इस कथन के माध्यम से उनकी कौन-सी विशेषताएँ स्पष्ट होती हैं ? [1]
(a) मेहनत और लक्ष्य के लिए समर्पण |
(b) सादगी और चतुराई ।
(c) परोपकार और अहिंसा ।
(d) सहनशक्ति और ईश्वर भक्ति ।
Answer :
(a) मेहनत और लक्ष्य के लिए समर्पण |

(x) किस शक्ति के बल पर एडिसन ने अपनी एक शारीरिक कमी के अभिशाप को वरदान में बदल कर दिखा दिया था ? [1]
(a) धनबल
(b) भुजबल
(c) मनोबल
Answer:
(c) मनोबल

Question 2.
विलोम शब्द

(i)’अपव्ययी’ शब्द का विलोम बताइए :
(a) अव्ययी
(b) व्ययी
(c) मितव्ययी
(d) तपबल
Answer:
(c) मितव्ययी

(ii) ‘उत्तम’ शब्द का पर्यायवाची शब्द बताइए : [1]
(a) अच्छा
(b) उचित
(c) श्रेष्ठ
(d) उपयुक्त
Answer :
(c) श्रेष्ठ

(iii) ‘पत्थर’ शब्द का विशेषण शब्द बताइए : [1]
(a) पथरीला
(b) पत्थरी
(c) पत्थरीला
(d) पथरेला
Answer :
(c) पत्थरीला

(iv) ‘मधुर’ शब्द की भाववाचक संज्ञा बताइए : [1]
(a) मीठा
(b) मिठास
(c) मधुबन
(d) मधुरता
Answer :
(d) मधुरता

(v) ‘उपलब्धी’ शब्द का शुद्ध रूप बताइए : [1]
(a) उपालब्धी
(b) उपलब्धि
(c) उप्लब्धि
(d) उप्लब्धी
Answer :
(b) उपलब्धि

(vi) निम्नलिखित मुहावरे का अर्थ बताइए : [1]
“ईद का चाँद होना ”
(a) बहुत सुन्दर होना
(b) गायब हो जाना
(c) बहुत बड़ा होना
(d) बहुत दिनों बाद दिखना
Answer :
(d) बहुत दिनों बाद दिखना

(vii) ‘पन्द्रह दिन में एक बार होने वाला’ इस वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द है : [1]
(a) निष्पक्ष
(b) पक्षपाती
(c) पाक्षिक
(d) पक्षधर
Answer:
(c) पाक्षिक

(viii) ‘बालिका’ का बहुवचन रूप है : [1]
(a) बालिका
(b) बालिकागण
(c) बालाएँ
(d) बालिकाएँ
Answer :
(d) बालिकाएँ

(ix) माँ ने खाना बनाया (नहीं शब्द का प्रयोग करें लेकिन अर्थ न बदले):
(a) माँ ने खाना नहीं बनाया
(b) क्या, माँ ने खाना नहीं बनाया ?
(c) माँ ने खाना बनाने से इंकार नहीं किया
(d) नहीं माँ खाना बनाएगी [1]
Answer :
(c) माँ ने खाना बनाने से इंकार नहीं किया

(x) निर्देशानुसार वाक्य परिवर्तन करें। [1]
‘भारत ने नया उपग्रह छोड़ा।’ (‘द्वारा’ शब्द का प्रयोग करें ।:
(a) भारत द्वारा उपग्रह छोड़ा है।
(b) भारत द्वारा नया उपग्रह छोड़ा गया ।
(c) भारत द्वारा नया उपग्रह छोड़ा जायेगा ।
(d) जो उपग्रह छोड़ा गया वह भारत द्वारा ही भेजा गया है।
Answer :
(b) भारत द्वारा नया उपग्रह छोड़ा गया ।

Section – B (20 Marks)
(Answer all questions from any of the two books that you have studied.)

साहित्य सागर – संक्षिप्त कहानियाँ
(Sahitya Sagar – Short Stories)

Question 3.
(i) ‘यह इंसाफ नहीं अंधेर है । सिर्फ एक अठन्नी की ही तो बात थी।’ इस कथन का वक्ता कौन है ? [1]
(a) दासी
(b) बाबू जगत सिंह
(c) रसीला
(d) रमजान
Answer :
(d) रमजान

(ii) ‘हुजूर मेरा पहला अपराध है। एक बार माफ कर दीजिए।’- कथन के वक्ता और श्रोता कौन हैं ?
(a) रमजान (वक्ता) और इंजीनियर बाबू ( श्रोता)
(b) रसीला (वक्ता) और इंजीनियर बाबू ( श्रोता )
(c) रसीला (वक्ता) और शेख सलीमुद्दीन ( श्रोता)
(d) रसीला (वक्ता) और पुलिस वाला ( श्रोता )
Answer :
(c) रसीला (वक्ता) और शेख सलीमुद्दीन (श्रोता)

(iii) भोला सकपका कर एक ही डाँट में हो गया। [1]
‘काकी’ नामक कहानी के आधार पर रिक्त स्थान में ——- उचित शब्द चुनें।
(a) हतबुद्धि
(b) मुखबिर
(c) बेहोश
(d) सचेत [1]
Answer :
(b) मुखबिर

(iv) ‘काकी’ कहानी का प्रमुख संदेश क्या है ? [1]
(a) एक बच्चे के खेलने के शौक को समझना ।
(b) एक बच्चे के पतंग उड़ाने के जोश को समझना ।
(c) एक बच्चे के माँ के खोने के दर्द को समझना ।
(d) एक बच्चे की पढ़ाई न करने की आदत को समझना ।
Answer :
(c) एक बच्चे के माँ के खोने के दर्द को समझना ।

(v) ‘मैंने तो बरसों से कोई यज्ञ नहीं किया । मेरी स्थिति ही ऐसी नहीं थी । ‘ – यहाँ सेठ जी अपनी किस स्थिति की बात कर रहे हैं ?
(a) अपनी बीमारी की
(b) अपनी गरीबी की [1]
(c) अपने शौक की
(d) अपनी दुकान
Answer :
(b) अपनी गरीबी की

(vi) धन्ना सेठ की पत्नी के पास कौन-सी शक्ति थी ? [1]
(a) देवी शक्ति
(b) दानवी शक्ति
(c) तांत्रिक शक्ति
(d) दैवी शक्ति
Answer :
(a) देवी शक्ति

(vii) सेठ का स्वभाव कैसा था ? [1]
(a) विनयशील और अनुदार
(b) कर्तव्यपरायण और क्रोधी
(c) लोभी और कृपण
(d) विनम्र और उदार
Answer :
(a) विनम्र और उदार

(viii) ‘नेताजी का चश्मा’ नामक पाठ में हालदार साहब को पान वाले की कौन-सी बात अच्छी नहीं लगी थी ?
(a) पान वाले का बहुत बोलना
(b) पान वाले का अधिक पान खाना
(c) एक देशभक्त का मजाक उड़ाना
(d) पान वाले का अपनी ही दुकान के नीचे पान थूकना [1]
Answer :
(c) एक देशभक्त का मजाक उड़ाना

(ix) जिस कस्बे से हालदार साहब गुजरते थे वह कैसा था ? [1]
(a) कस्बा बहुत बड़ा नहीं था ।
(b) उद्योग धंधों से युक्त था ।
(c) अत्यधिक विकसित था ।
(d) बहुत बड़ा था।
Answer :
(a) कस्बा बहुत बड़ा नहीं था ।

(x) ‘नेता जी का चश्मा’ कहानी के अंत में हालदार साहब ने नेता जी की मूर्ति पर कैसा चश्मा देखा ? [1]
(a) सुनहरे फ्रेम वाला चश्मा
(b) पतले तार वाला गोल चश्मा
(c) सरकंडे से बना छोटा सा चश्मा
(d) काले रंग का चौड़े फ्रेम वाला चश्मा
Answer :
(c) सरकंडे से बना छोटा सा चश्मा

साहित्य सागर पद्य भाग
(Sahitya Sagar – Poem)

Question 4.
(i) कबीरदास जी के गुरु का नाम क्या था ?
(a) रामानंद
(b) सदानंद
(c) शिवानंद
(d) नरहरिदास [1]
Answer :
(a) रामानंद

(ii) कबीरदास जी के दोहे में ‘सांकरी’ शब्द का अर्थ क्या है ? [1]
(a) तंग
(b) संकल
(c) संकल्प
(d) चौड़ा
Answer:
(a) तंग

(iii) गिरिधर कवि ने किन्हें अपनी कविता का विषय बनाया ? [1]
(a) नीति, वैराग्य और अध्यात्म को
(b) श्रृंगार एवं वात्सल्य को
(c) ईश्वर के निराकार रूप को
(d) भारत के गरिमापूर्ण अतीत को
Answer :
(a) नीति, वैराग्य और अध्यात्म को ।

(iv) ‘कह गिरिधर कविराय, जगत यही लेखा भाई । करता बेगरजी प्रीति, यार बिरला कोई साँई । ‘इस दुनिया में कैसे लोग आसानी से नहीं मिलते ?
(a) निःस्वार्थ भाव से प्यार करने वाले
(b) बड़ों का सम्मान करने वाले
(c) बुजुर्गों की परवाह करने वाले
(d) देश के लिए बलिदान करने वाले [1]
Answer:
(a) नि:स्वार्थ भाव से प्यार करने वाले

(v) ‘स्वर्ग बना सकते हैं ‘ कविता किस प्रसिद्ध कवि की रचना है ?
(a) सोहन लाल द्विवेदी
(b) रामधारी सिंह ‘दिनकर’
(c) सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी ‘निराला’
(d) सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान [1]
Answer :
(b) रामधारी सिंह ‘दिनकर’

(vi) मनुष्य को बाधा रहित विकास के लिए किस बात की आवश्यकता होती है ? ‘स्वर्ग बना सकते हैं’ कविता के आधार पर बताइए-
(a) कर्त्तव्य. विमुख जीवन
(b) आशंकाओं से मुक्त जीवन
(c) मुक्त बाधाओं का जीवन
(d) मुक्त प्रकाश का जीवन [1]
Answer:
(b) आशंकाओं से मुक्त जीवन

(vii) रामधारी सिंह दिनकर जी को ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार उनकी किस रचना पर मिला था ? [1]
(a) उर्वशी
(b) हुकार
(c) रेणुका
(d) कुरूक्षेत्र
Answer :
(a) उर्वशी

(viii) ‘वह जन्मभूमि मेरी’ कविता में ‘ अमराइयाँ’ शब्द का क्या अर्थ है ?
(a) आम का पौधा
(b) आम के बगीचे
(c) आम की गुठलियाँ
(d) अंगड़ाइयाँ [1]
Answer :
(b) आम के बगीचे

(ix) हमारे देश में पहाड़ियों से गिरते झरने किस बात का प्रतीक हैं ?
(a) नदियों का
(b) चलते रहने का
(c) प्राकृतिक सौंदर्य का
(d) गिरते रहने का [1]
Answer :
(c) प्राकृतिक सौंदर्य का

(x) त्रिवेणी में किन-किन नदियों का संगम होता है ? [1]
(a) गंगा, यमुना और सतलुज
(b) गंगा, यमुना और गोदावरी
(c) गंगा, यमुना और सरस्वती
(d) गंगा, यमुना और झेलम
Answer:
(c) गंगा, यमुना और सरस्वती

नया रास्ता (उपन्यास)
(Naya Raasta-Sushma Agarwal))

Question 5.
(i) ‘नया रास्ता’ नामक उपन्यास में सेठ धनीमल की पुत्री से रिश्ता करने के लिए सबसे अधिक उतावलापन कौन दिखा रहा था ?
(a) अमित की माँ
(b) अमित के पिता
(c) अमित की मौसी
(d) अमित की बहन [1]
Answer:
(a) अमित की माँ

(ii) ‘नया रास्ता’ नामक उपन्यास की मुख्य पात्र ‘मीनू’ बचपन से ही क्या बनना चाहती थी ? [1]
(a) इंजीनियर
(b) चिकित्सक
(c) वकील
(d) लेखिका
Answer :
(c) वकील

(iii) ‘नया रास्ता’ नामक उपन्यास में सरिता को देखने जाने वाले लोगों में निम्नलिखित में से कौन नहीं था ? [1]
(a) मायाराम जी
(b) अमित
(c) अमित की माँ
(d) नीलिमा
Answer :
(d) नीलिमा

(iv) धनीमल जी अपने साथ किस फल की पेटी लेकर अमित के घर आए ?
(a) आम
(b) कश्मीरी सेब
(c) अंगूर
(d) संतरा [1]
Answer :
(b) कश्मीरी सेब

(v) सेठ धनीमल अपनी पुत्री को शादी में क्या देना चाहते थे ? [1]
(a) तीन लाख का एक फ्लैट
(b) तीन लाख की एक गाड़ी
(c) तीन लाख का जेवर
(d) तीन लाख नकद
Answer :
(a) तीन लाख का एक फ्लैट

(vi) ‘नया रास्ता’ नामक उपन्यास के पात्र मायाराम जी कहाँ के निवासी हैं ? [1]
(a) मीरजापुर
(b) मेरठ
(c) हरियाणा
(d) दिल्ली [1]
Answer:
(b) मेरठ

(vii) ‘नया रास्ता’ नामक उपन्यास में मायाराम जी की पत्नी को क्या युक्ति सूझी ? [1]
(a) अमित का विवाह मीनू से करवाने की
(b) अमित का विवाह नीलिमा से करवाने की
(c) अमित का विवाह आशा से करवाने की
(d) अमित का विवाह न करवाने की [1]
Answer :
(a) अमित का विवाह मीनू से करवाने की

(viii) ——- की बातों में मीनू के प्रति विशेष स्नेह दिख रहा था किन्तु मीनू ने कोई प्रतिक्रिया नहीं दिखाई। रिक्त स्थान के लिए निम्नलिखित में से उचित विकल्प चुनें :
(a) अमित
(b) अशोक
(c) नीलिमा
(d) मायाराम [1]
Answer:
(b) अशोक

(ix) ‘नया रास्ता’ नामक उपन्यास के पात्र अमित की बहन का नाम क्या है ? [1]
(a) नीलिमा
(b) मधु
(c) सरिता
(d) आशा
Answer :
(b) मधु

(x) ‘नया रास्ता’ नामक उपन्यास समाज में फैली किस समस्या पर आधारित है ?
(a) विधवा विवाह की समस्या
(b) अनमेल विवाह की समस्या
(c) दहेज प्रथा की समस्या
(d) अशिक्षा की समस्या [1]
Answer :
(c) दहेज प्रथा की समस्या.

एकांकी संचय (नाटक)
(Ekanki Sanchay)

Question 6.
(i) ‘संस्कार और भावना’ नामक एकांकी किस समस्या पर आधारित है ? [1]
(a) दहेज-प्रथा पर
(b) बाल विवाह पर
(c) अंतर्जातीय विवाह पर
(d) घरेलू हिंसा पर [1]
Answer :
(c) अंतर्जातीय विवाह पर

(ii) ‘संस्कार और भावना’ नामक एकांकी में माँ को किसके घर से और किसके द्वारा बड़े पुत्र की बीमारी का पता चला ?
(a) स्वयं के घर में अतुल द्वारा
(b) कुमार के घर में मिसरानी द्वारा
(c) स्वयं के घर में उमा द्वारा
(d) मिश्री जी के घर में मिसरानी द्वारा [1]
Answer :
(b) कुमार के घर में मिसरानी द्वारा

(iii) ‘संस्कार और भावना’ नामक एकांकी में अविनाश ने ‘संतान का लालन-पालन करना’ कौन-सा कर्त्तव्य बताया है ? [1]
(a) सामाजिक कर्त्तव्य
(b) मौलिक कर्त्तव्य
(c) पारिवारिक कर्त्तव्य
(d) नैतिक कर्त्तव्य
Answer :
(d) नैतिक कर्त्तव्य

(iv) ‘बहू की विदा’ नामक एकांकी में राजेश्वरी को ऐसा क्यों लगा कि प्रमोद झूठ बोल रहा है ?
(a) प्रमोद के हाव-भाव से
(b) अपने पति के स्वभाव की जानकारी होने से
(c) भाई – बहन की बातों से
(d) कमला के बोलने से [1]
Answer :
(b) अपने पति के स्वभाव की जानकारी होने से

(v) ‘बहू की विदा’ नामक एकांकी में जीवनलाल के दुःख का कारण क्या था ?
(a) बेटे की ससुराल के ताने सुनना
(b) बेटे की ससुराल से दहेज कम मिलना [1]
(c) बेटे की ससुराल से बहुत सारे रिश्तेदारों का आना
(d) बेटे- -बहु द्वारा उनका (जीवनलाल ) कहना न मानना
Answer:
(b) बेटे की ससुराल से दहेज कम मिलना

(vi) ‘अगर हर बेटे वाला यह याद रखे कि वह बेटी वाला भी है तो सब उलझनें सुलझ जाएँ’ कथन के वक्ता और श्रोता कौन हैं ?
(a) जीवनलाल (वक्ता) और राजेश्वरी ( श्रोता )
(b) राजेश्वरी (वक्ता) और जीवनलाल (श्रोता) [1]
(c) प्रमोद (वक्ता) और कमला ( श्रोता )
(d) रमेश (वक्ता) और गौरी ( श्रोता )
Answer :
(b) राजेश्वरी (वक्ता) और जीवनलाल (श्रोता)

(vii) ‘मातृभूमि का मान’ नामक एकांकी किस प्रकार की रचना है ? [1]
(a) ऐतिहासिक
(b) पारिवारिक
(c) पौराणिक
(d) हास्य-व्यंग्य प्रधान
Answer:
(a) ऐतिहासिक

(viii) ‘मातृभूमि का मान’ नामक एकांकी में राव हेमू कहाँ का शासक था ?
(a) मेवाड़
(b) माल्वा
(c) बूँदी
(d) चित्तौड़ [1]
Answer :
(c) बूँदी

(ix) महाराणा लाखा और राव हेमू के बीच युद्ध किस मैदान में हुआ था ?
(a) हल्दीघाटी
(b) नीमरा
(c) कुरुक्षेत्र
(d) पानीपत [1]
Answer:
(b) नीमरा

(x) ‘अपमान की वेदना में जो विवेकहीन प्रतिज्ञा कर डाली थी, उससे तो छुटकारा मिल ही जाएगा।’ – महाराणा की इस प्रतिज्ञा को पूरी करवाने के लिए क्या प्रबंध किया गया था ?
(a) बूँदी के राजा की मूर्ति तैयार करवाई गई ।
(b) बूँदी के सेनापति की मूर्ति तैयार करवाई गई ।
(c) बूँदी का नकली दुर्ग तैयार करवाया गया।
(d) बूँदी का नकली मंदिर तैयार करवाया गया। [1]
Answer :
(c) बूँदी का नकली दुर्ग तैयार करवाया गया।

Solving ICSE Class 10 English Literature Previous Year Question Papers ICSE Class 10 English Literature Question Paper 2017 is the best way to boost your preparation for the board exams.

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**Answer is not provided due to change in the present syllabus.

Section – A (Drama)
The Merchant of Venice : Shakespeare

Question 1.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:

Why, look you, how you storm !
I would be friends with you and have your love,
Forget the shames that you have stain’d me with,
Supply your present wants, and take no doit
Of usance for my moneys, and you’ll not hear me:
This is kind I offer.

(i) Where does this scene take place ? Who is the speaker ? To whom is he talking ? [3]
(ii) What are the ‘shames ’which the speaker says have stained him ? [3]
(iii) What are the ‘present wants ’ ? Who is in need of the ‘present wahts ’ ? Why ? [3]
(iv) Explain “This is kind I offer. ” What does the speaker propose to do immediately after this? [3]
(v) What do you think of Antonio and of Shylock with regard to the signing of the bond ? [4]
Answers:

(i) This scene takes place in a public place in Venice. The speaker is Shylock. He is talking to Antonio.
(ii) He has been called an unbeliever and a murderous dog. He has been abused and kicked by Antonio. Antonio has spat on his Jewish robe and on his beard.
(iii) ‘Present wants’ are the need for three thousand ducats. Bassanio is in need of money because he wants to go to Belmont to present himself as a suitable suitor to Portia.
(iv) The speaker, Shylock, wants to be kind to Antonio by lending him three thousand ducats without interest. He proposes a bond to be signed by Antonio. The condition in the bond will be that Shylock will be entitled to have a pound of flesh from any part of Antonio’s body in case he fails to pay back the loan amount on a specified date and place.
(v) The bond to be sealed reveals that Shylock is revengeful and cruel in imposing the condition of the pound of flesh if Antonio fails to pay back the loan on a specified date. Antonio is very rash and over-confident. He is ready to sign the dangerous bond despite Bassanio’s warning against doing so..

Question 2.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:

PORTIA : To these injunctions everyone doth swear That comes to hazard for my worthless self.
ARRAGON : And so have I address’d me. Fortune now To my heart’s hope! – Gold, silver and base lead.

(i) Who had tried his luck in trying to choose the correct casket before the prince of Arragon ? Which casket had that suitor chosen ? What did he find inside the casket ? [3]
(ii) What are the three things Arragon was obliged by oath to obey ? [3]
(iii) What was the inscription on the golden casket? How do the actions of the martlet illustrate this inscription ? [3]
(iv) Which casket does Arragon finally choose ? Whose portrait does he find inside ? Which casket actually contains Portia’s portrait ? [3]
(v) Who enters soon after ? What does he say about the young Venetian who has just arrived ? What gifts has the Venetian brought with him ? [4]
Answers:

(i) The prince of Morocco had tried his luck before the prince of Arragon. He had chosen the golden casket. He found inside the golden casket a human skull with a roll of paper on which it was written : ‘All that glitters is not gold.’ ‘

(ii) Arragon was obliged by oath to observe three things : he is never to reveal which casket he chose; if he fails to choose the right casket, he will never marry to any other girl in life; and if he does not choose the right casket, he will immediately leave and go away.

(iii) The inscription on the golden casket is : “Who chooses me shall gain what many men desire.” The martlet (a swallow) keeps its nest outside, exposed to all risks. Like the swallow, the foolish majority chooses only by outward show and never care to look inside, thus taking a grave risk. Arragon does not want to be one among such foolish men. Thus he rejects the golden casket.

(iv) Arragon finally chooses the silver casket. He finds inside the casket the portrait of a dull-eyed fool. It is the lead casket that actually holds Portia’s portrait.

(v) A servant enters soon after Arragon’s departure. He tells Portia that a young Venetian has arrived to announce that his lord is arriving shortly. He has brought from him many rich gifts.

Loyalties : John Galsworthy

Question 3.**
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:

DE LEVIS : Social Blackmail ? H’m !
CANYNGE : Not at all – simple warning. If you consider it necessary in your interests to start this scandal – no matter how, we shall consider it necessary in ours to dissociate ourselves completely from one who so recklessly disregards the unwritten code.

(i) Where are the speakers at present ? What is referred to as Social Blackmail? [3]
(ii) Who is Canynge ? What scandal is being referred to ? Why will it be a scandal ? [3]
(iii) Which race does De Levis mention later ? What is his opinion about society ? [3]
(iv) What does Canynge do soon after and what does he find? What was his reaction ? What does the discovery prove? [3]
(v) What is De Levis going through at this point of time ? What light does it throw upon his character ? What change do we see in his character later in the play ? Give a reason to justify your answer. [4]

Question 4.**
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:

DE LEVIS.. Confront me with Dancy and give me fair play.
WINSOR. [Aside to CANYNGE] Is it fair to Dancy not to let him know?
CANYNGE. Our duty is to the Club now, Winsor. We must have this cleared up. [COLFORD comes in, followed by BORRING and DANCY.]
ST ERTH. Captain Dancy, a serious accusation has been made against you by this gentleman in the presence of several members of the Club.
DANCY. What is it ?
ST ERTH. That you robbed him of that money at Winsor’s.
DANCY. [Hard and tense] Indeed! On what grounds is he good enough to say that?
(i) How does De Levis respond to Dancy’s last question in the extract ? [3]
(ii) How did Dancy wish to settle the matter ? What was St Erth s suggestion ? [3]
(iii) Why did Dancy’s friends wish him to take legal action against De Levis ? What reasons did Dancy give for not wanting to do so ? [3]
(iv) When Mabel Dancy later requests De Levis to withdraw the charge, how does he respond ? What declaration does Dancy wish De Levis to sign ? [3]
(v) What information does Gilman give to Twisden? Why did Twisden decide to withdraw from the case ? [4]

Section – B (Poetry)
A Collection of Poems

Question 5.**
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:

‘Tell me not in mournful numbers,
Life is but an empty dream!
For the soul is dead that slumbers,
And things are not what they seem.’
(A Psalm of Life — H.W. Longfellow)

(i) Explain- ’Tell me not in mournful numbers, Life is but an empty dream! ’ What should not be considered the goal of life? [3]
(ii) What is the beating of the heart compared to? How is the heart described ? What does the beating of the heart remind us of? [3]
(iii) What does the poet mean when he compares the world to a battlefield ? What should our role be in this battle ?[3]
(iv) How should we view the past and the future? What advice does the poet give in this context? [3]
(v) What do we learn from the lives of great men? What is the final message of the poem ? Give one reason why the poem appeals to you. [4]

Question 6.**
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high
Where knowledge is free
Where the world has not been broken up into fragments
By narrow domestic walls.
(Where the Mind is Without Fear: Rabindranath Tagore)
(i) To whom is the poet praying ? Whose mind is the poet referring to in the beginning of the poem ? Why ? [3]
(ii) In which situation is the head held high ? What does he mean by ‘knowledge is free’? What are ‘narrow domestic walls’? [3]
(iii) What does the poet mean by ‘tireless striving ’? What does ‘clear stream ‘refer to ? Explain. [3]
(iv) What is meant by ‘dead habit ’ ? What is ‘dead habit ’ compared to and why ? [3]
(v) What does the poet wish for at the end of the poem ? What does the poem tell the readers about the poet ? Give a reason to justify your answer. [4]

Section – C (Prose)
Collection of Short Stories

Question 7.**
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
“He was not accustomed to facing the entire class and speaking out aloud. He knew that he did not have a flair for making speeches. However, he had worked hard on his assignment and had written it from the depth of his heart.”
(India’s Heroes : Anonymous)

(i) Who was ‘he’ ? What evidence is there that he was not used to facing the entire class ? [3]
(ii) What was the assignment ? How was ‘his ’ assignment different from the others ? [3]
(iii) Who was the first person to feature in ‘his ’assignment ? What did ‘he ’say about him ? [3]
(iv) Who was the General Manager of the Taj Hotel? What role did he play ? [3]
(v) What, according to this speaker, is the only true religion in the world ? What human qualities have been highlighted through ‘his’ speech ? [4]

Question 8.**
Describe the first meeting and the last meeting between the Kabuliwala and Mini. What realization dawns upon the Kabuliwala after the last meeting with Mini. [16]

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Time Allowed: 2 1/2 hours
Max. Marks: 80

Answers to this paper must be written on the paper provided separately. You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.

Attempt all questions from Section A and any four questions from Section B. All working, including rough work, must be clearly shown and must be done on the same sheet as the rest of the answer. Omission of essential working will result in loss of marks. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ]
Mathematical tables are provided.

Section-A (40 Marks)
(Attempt all questions from this section)

Question 1.
(a) A shopkeeper bought an article for ₹ 3,450. He marks the price of the article 16% above the cost price. The rate of sales tax charged on the article is 10%. Find the:
(i) marked price of the article.
(ii) price paid by a customer who buys the article. [3]

(b) Solve the following inequation and write the solution set:
13x – 5 < 15x + 4 < 7x + 12, x ∈ R
Represent the solution on a real number line. [3]

(c) Without using trigonometric tables evaluate:
\(\frac{\sin 65^{\circ}}{\cos 25^{\circ}}\) – \(\frac{\cos 32^{\circ}}{\sin 58^{\circ}}\) – sin 28°. sec 62° + cosec² 30°. [4]
Solution:
(a) Cost price of article for shopkeeper = ₹ 3450
Marked price of article = 16% above the c.p.of shopkeeper
= 16% of ₹ 3450 + ₹ 3450
= ₹(552 + 3450)
= ₹ 4002.
Now, Marked price = ₹ 4002
Rate of sales tax charged = 10%
Price paid by the customer to buy the article
= ₹(4002 + \(\frac{10}{100} \times 4002\))
= ₹ (4002 + 400.20)
= ₹ 4402.20

(b) Given 13x – 5 < 15x + 4 < 7x + 12, x ∈ R
⇒ 13x – 5 < 15x + 4
and 15x + 4 < 7x + 12
⇒ 13x – 5 + (-15x + 5) < 15x + 4 + (-15x + 5)
and 15x + 4 + (-7x – 4) < 7x + 12 + (-7x – 4)
⇒ 13x – 15x < 4 + 5
and 15x – 7x < 12 – 4
-2x < 9
and 8x < 8 x > \(-\frac{9}{2}\)
and x < 1
\(-\frac{9}{2}\) < x < 1, x ∈ R
Hence, the required solution set on the number line is :

(c)

Question 2.
(a) If A = \(\left[\begin{array}{ll}
3 & x \\
0 & 1
\end{array}\right]\) and B = \(\left[\begin{array}{ll}
9 & 16 \\
0 & -y
\end{array}\right]\), find x and y when A² = B. [3]
(b) The present population of a town is 2,00,000. Its population increases by 10% in the first year and 15% in the second year. Find the population of the town at the end of the two years. [3]
(c) Three vertices of a parallelogram ABCD taken in order are A (3, 6), B (5, 10) and C (3, 2) find:
(i) the coordinates of the fourth vertex D.
(ii) length of diagonal BD.
(iii) equation of side AB of the parallelogram ABCD. [4]
Solution:
(a)

On comparing corresponding elements of equal matrices, we obtain
4x = 16 ⇒ x = 4 and
1 = -y ⇒ y = -1
Hence, x = 4 and y = -1

(b) Present population (P₀) of the town = 2,00,000
Rate of increase of population in first year = R₁ = 10%
Rate of increase of population in second year = R₂ = 15%
Population after 2 years = P₂
= P₀\(\left(1+\frac{\mathrm{R}_1}{100}\right)\left(1+\frac{\mathrm{R}_2}{100}\right)\)
= 2,00,000\(\left(1+\frac{10}{100}\right)\left(1-\frac{15}{100}\right)\)
= 2,00,000 × \(\frac{11}{10}\) × \(\frac{23}{20}\)
= 2,53,000
Thus, the population of the town at the end of 2 years is 2,53,000.

(c) Consider the parallelogram ABCD with coordinates of the vertices are A (3, 6), B (5, 10), C(3, 2) and D(x, y)
Since in a parallelogram diagonals bisect each other.
Let in the parallelogram ABCD, diagonals AC and BD bisect each other at O.
Now, coordinates of O, using diagonal AC and mid-point formula
O\(\left(\frac{3+3}{2}, \frac{6+2}{2}\right)\) = O(3, 4)
By using diagonal BD and mid-point formula and coordinates of O, we have
\(\frac{x+5}{2}\) = 3
⇒ x + 5 = 6
⇒ x = 1
and \(\frac{y+10}{2}\) = 4
⇒ y = -2

Thus, the coordinates of D(x, y) are D (1, -2).

(ii) Length of diagonal BD = |BD|
= \(\sqrt{(1-5)^2+(-2-10)^2}\) [using distance formula]
= \(\sqrt{(-4)^2+(-12)^2}\)
= \(\sqrt{16+144}\) = \(\sqrt{160}\) = 4\(\sqrt{10}\) units

(iii) Equation of side AB is:
y – 6 = \(\frac{10-6}{5-3}\)(x – 3)
⇒ y – 6 = \(\frac{4}{2}\)(x – 3)
⇒ y – 6 = 2(x – 3)
⇒ 2x – 6 – y + 6 = 0
⇒ 2x – y = 0

Question 3.
(a) In the given figure, ABCD is a square of side 21 cm. AC and BD are two diagonals of the square. Two semi circles are drawn with AD and BC as diameters. Find the area of the shaded region. (Take π = \(\frac{22}{7}\)) [3]

(b) The marks obtained by 30 students in a class assessment of 5 marks is given below:

Marks	No. of students
0	1
1	3
2	6
3	10
4	5
5	5

Calculate the mean, median and mode of the above distribution. [3]
(c) In the figure given below, O is the centre of the circle and SP is a tangent. If ∠SRT = 65°, find the value of x, y and z. [4]

Solution:
(a) We know that the diagonals of a square are equal and bisect each other at right angles.
Since in square ABCD, we have
AB = BC = CD = DA = 21 cm
and OA = OB = OC = OD
We obtain 4 congruent right triangles i.e.,
ΔAOB, ΔBOC, ΔCOD and ΔDOA of equal areas
Hence, shaded area inside the square = \(\frac{1}{2}\)(area of square)
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 21 × 21 = 220.5 cm²
Shaded area outside the square
ABCD = Area of two semicircles with AD and BC as diameters
Radius (r) = \(\frac{\mathrm{AD}}{2}\) = \(\frac{21}{2}\) cm.
Area of semicircle = \(\frac{\pi r^2}{2}\) = \(\frac{22 \times 21 \times 21}{7 \times 2 \times 2 \times 2}\)
= 173.25 cm²
Area of two semicircles = 2 × 173.25 = 346,5 cm²
Hence, area of shaded region = shaded area inside the square + shaded area outside the square = (220.5 + 346.5) cm² = 567 cm²

(b)
Marks is taken as ‘x_i‘ and number of students as ‘f_i‘

Median: The given variates (x_i) are already in ascending order. We construct the cumulative frequency table. Here, n (total number of students) = 30, which is an even number.

[∵ all observations from 11^th to 20^th correspond to x_i = 3]
Mode: Clearly 3 occurs 10 times which is maximum.
Hence, mode 3.

(c) Clearly, O is the centre of the circle and SP is a tangent to the circle.
∴ OS ⊥ SP
[radius at the point of contact is perpendicular to the tangent]
⇒ ∠OSP = ∠OSR = ∠TSR = 90°
Using angles sum property of a triangle, in ΔTSR, we have
∠TSR + ∠SRT + ∠RTS = 180°
⇒ 90° + 65° + x = 180°
⇒ x = 25°
We know that angle subtended at the centre is twice the angle subtended at any point on remaining part of the circle by an arc
⇒ y = 2x
⇒ y = 2 × 25° = 50°
Now, using angles sum property of Δ in ΔOPS, we have
∠OSP + ∠SPO + ∠POS = 180°
90° + z + 50° = 180°
⇒ z = 40°
Thus, x = 25°, y = 50° and z = 40°

Question 4.
(a) Katrina opened a recurring deposit account with a National Bank for a period of 2 years. If the bank pays interest at the rate of 6% per annum and the monthly instalment is ₹ 1,000, find the:
(i) interest earned in 2 years.
(ii) matured value. [3]
(b) Find the value of ‘k’ for which x = 3 is a solution of the quadratic equation, (k + 2)x² – kx + 6 = 0.
Thus find the other root of the equation.[3]
(c) Construct a regular hexagon of side 5 cm. Construct a circle circumscribing the hexagon. All traces of construction must be clearly shown. [4]
Solution:
(a)
Monthly instalment = ₹ 1000
Rate = 6% per annum
Time = 2 years
⇒ n = 24
Interest earned in 2 years
= ₹ [1000 × \(\frac{24(24+1)}{2}\) × \(\frac{1}{12}\) × \(\frac{6}{200}\)]
= ₹(60 × 25) = ₹ 1500
Maturity amount = ₹ (1000 × 24 + 1500)
= ₹ (24000 + 1500)
= ₹ 25500

(b) Since x = 3 is a solution of the quadratic equation.
(k + 2)x² – kx + 6 = 0
⇒ (k + 2)(3)² – k(3) + 6 = 0
⇒ (k + 2)9 – 3k + 6 = 0
⇒ 9k + 18 – 3k + 6 = 0
⇒ 6k + 24 = 0
⇒ 6k = – 24
⇒ k = -4.
Now, we have the quadratic equation
(-4 + 2) x² – (-4)x + 6 = 0
⇒ -2x² + 4x + 6 = 0
or x² – 2x – 3 = 0
⇒ x² – 3x + x – 3 = 0
⇒ x (x – 3) + 1 (x – 3) = 0
⇒ (x + 1) (x – 3) = 0
⇒ x + 1 = 0; x – 3 = 0
⇒ x = – 1 ; x = 3
Hence, x = -1 is other root of the given equation.

(c) Steps of Construction :
(i) Draw a circle of radius 5 cm with centre O.
(ii) Since \(\frac{360^{\circ}}{6}\) = 60°, draw radii OA and OB, such that ∠AOB = 60°.
(iii) Cut off arcs BC, CD, DE, EF and each equal to arc AB on given circle.
(iv) Join AB, BC, CD, DE, EF, FA to get required regular hexagon ABCDEF in a given circle.

Section-B (40 Marks)
(Attempt any four questions from this Section)

Question 5.
(a) Use a graph paper for this question taking 1 cm = 1 unit along both the x and y years:

(i) Plot the points A (0, 5), B (2, 5), C (5, 2), D (5, -2), E (2, -5) and F (0, -5).
(ii) Reflect the points B, C D and E on the y-axis and name them respectively as B’, C’, D’ and E’.
(iii) Write the coordinates of B’, C’, D’ and E’.
(iv) Name the figure formed by B C D E D D’ C’ B’.
(v) Name a line of symmetry for the figure formed. [5]

(b) Virat opened has Savings Bank account in a bank on 16^th April 2010. His pass book shows the following entries.

Calculate the interest Viral earned at the end of 31^st July, 2010 at 4% per annum interest. What sum of money will he receive if he closes the account on 1^st August, 2010? [5]
Solution:
(a)
(i) and (ii)

(iii) B'(-2, 5), C'(-5,2), D'(-5, -2) and E'(-2, – 5)
(iv) Clearly, an octagon is formd by jouning BCDEE’D’C’B’.

(b) Minimum balance for the month of
April = ₹ 0
May = ₹ 4650
June = ₹ 4750
July = ₹ 8950
Total = ₹ 18350
Now, I = ₹ \(\left(\frac{18350 \times 4 \times 1}{12 \times 100}\right)\)
= ₹ 61.17
Hence, interest earned at the end of 31<supst July is ₹ 61.17
Money received on 1^st Aug 2010
= ₹ (8950 + 61.17) = ₹ 9011.17

Question 6.
(a) If a, b, c are in continued proportion, prove that
(a + b + c) (a – b + c) = a² + b² + c². [3]
(b) In the given figure ABC is a triangle and BC is parallel to the y-axis. AB and AC intersects the y-axis at P and Q respectively.
(i) Write the coordinates of A.
(ii) Find the length of AB and AC.
(iii) Find the ratio in which Q divides AC.
(iv) Find the equation of the line AC.

(c) Calculate the mean of the following distribution:

Class Interval	Frequency
0-10	8
10-20	5
20-30	12
30-40	35
40-50	24
50-60	16

Solution:
(a) Given a, b, c are in continued proportion
∴ \(\frac{a}{b}\) = \(\frac{b}{c}\) = k(say).
⇒ b = ck
Also, a = bk ⇒ a = (ck)k = ck²
Now, (a + b + c)(a – b + c) = (ck² + ck + c)(ck² – ck + c)
= c²(k² + k + 1)(k² – k + 1)
= c²(k² + 1 + k)(k² + 1 – k) = c² . [(k² + 1)² – (k)²]
= c²k⁴ + c² + c²k² = (ck²) + (ck)² + c²
Hence, (a + b + c)(a – b + c) = a² + b² + c²

(b) (i) The coordinates of A are A (4, 0).
(ii) The length of AB = |AB|
= \(\sqrt{(-2-4)^2+(3-0)^2}\)
[using distance formula]
= \(\sqrt{36+9}\) = \(\sqrt{45}\) = 3latex]\sqrt{5}[/latex] units
The length of AC = |AC|
= \(\sqrt{(-2-4)^2+(-4-0)^2}\)
[using distance formula]
= \(\sqrt{36+9}\) = \(\sqrt{45}\) = 3\(\sqrt{5}\) units
The length of AC = |AC|
= \(\sqrt{(-2-4)^2+(-4-0)^2}\)
= \(\sqrt{36+16}\) = \(\sqrt{52}\) = 2\(\sqrt{13}\) units

(iii) Let Q(0, y) divides AC in the ratio k : 1

∴ \(\frac{-2 k+4}{k+1}\) = 0
⇒ -2k + 4 = 0
⇒ -2k = -4
⇒ k = 2
Thus required ratio is 2 : 1
And y = \(\frac{2 \times(-4)+1 \times 0}{2+1}\) = \(\frac{-8+0}{3}\)
y = \(\frac{-8}{3}\)
Hence, the coordinates of Q are Q(0, \(\frac{-8}{3}\))

(iv) Equation of line AC
y – 0 = \(\frac{-4-0}{-2-4}\)(x – 4)
⇒ y = \(\frac{-4}{-6}\)(x – 4)
⇒ y = \(\frac{2}{3}\)(x – 4)
⇒ 2x – 3y – 8 = 0
(c)

Question 7.
(a) Two solid spheres of radii 2 cm and 4 cm are melted and recast into a cone of height 8 cm. Find the radius of the cone so formed. [3]
(b) Find ‘a’ if the two polynomials ax³ + 3x² – 9 and 2x³ + 4x + a, leaves the same remainder when divided by x + 3. [3]
(c) Prove that \(\frac{\sin \theta}{1-\cot \theta}+\frac{\cos \theta}{1-\tan \theta}\) = cos θ + sin θ. [4]
Solution:
Radius of smaller sphere = 2 cm
Volume of sphere melted = \(\frac{4}{3} \pi r^3\) = \(\frac{4}{3} \pi \times 8\)
= \(\frac{32}{3} \pi \mathrm{cm}^3\)
Radius of bigger sphere = 4 cm
Volume of sphere melted = \(\frac{4}{3} \times \pi \times 64\)
= \(\frac{256}{3} \pi \mathrm{cm}^3\)
Volume of both spheres melted = \(\frac{32 \pi}{3}+\frac{256 \pi}{3}\)
= \(\frac{288}{3} \pi \mathrm{cm}^3\)
We know that volume of the cone formed = Volume of spheres melted
Now, height of the cone formed = 8 cm
∴ \(\frac{1}{3} \pi\) × r² × 8 = \(\frac{288}{3} \pi\)
⇒ 8r² = 288
⇒ r² = 36
⇒ r = 6
Hence, the radius of the cone so formed is 6 cm.

(b) Let p(x) = ax³ + 3x² – 9 and q(x) = 2x³ + 4x + a
By remainder theorem, when p(x) is divided by x + 3,
remainder = f(-3), and
When q(x) is divided by x + 3. the remainder = q (-3)
Since the polynomials p(x) and q (x) when divided by (x + 3) leave the same remainder.
∴ p(-3) = q(-3)
⇒ a(-3)³ + 3(-3)² – 9 = 2(-3)³ + 4(-3) + a
⇒ -27a + 27 – 9 = – 54 – 12 + a
⇒ -28a = -84
⇒ a = 3

(c)
\(\frac{\sin \theta}{1-\cot \theta}\) + \(\frac{\cos \theta}{1-\tan \theta}\) = cos θ + sin θ

Question 8.
(a) AB and CD are two chords of a circle intersecting at R Prove that AP × PB = CP × PD. [3]

(b) A bag contains 5 white balls, 6 red balls and 9 green balls. A ball is drawn at random from the bag. Find the probability that the ball drawn is:

(i) a green ball
(ii) a white or a red ball
(iii) is neither a green ball nor a white ball. [3]

(c) Rohit invested ₹ 9,600 on ₹ 100 shares at ₹ 20 premium paying 8% dividend. Rohit sold the shares when the price rose to ₹ 160. He invested the proceeds (excluding dividend) in 10% ₹ 50 shares at ₹40. Find the:

(i) original number of shares.
(ii) sale proceeds.
(iii) new number of shares.
(iv) change in the two dividends. [4]
Solution:
(a) Given : Two chords AB and CD of a circle intersecting at P.
To prove : AP × PB = CP × PD
Construction : Join AC and BD

Proof: In ΔACP and ΔDBP, we have
∠APC = ∠BPD [vert. opp. ∠s)
∠CAP = ∠PDB
[angles in same segment]
ΔACP \(\sim\) ΔDBP [A.A. similarity rule]
\(\frac{\mathrm{AP}}{\mathrm{PD}}\) = \(\frac{\mathrm{CP}}{\mathrm{PB}}\)
[corresponding sides of similar triangles are proportional]
⇒AP × PB = CP × PD

(b) There are 5 white baIls. 6 red balls and 9 green balls
∴ Total number of balls = 5 +6+ 920
(i) Total number of possible outcomes = 20
Number of green balls = 9
Number of favourable outcomes 9
∴ Required probability = \(\frac{11}{20}\)

(ii) Number of white and red ball = 6 + 5 = 11
Number of favourable outcomes = 11
∴ Required probability = \(\frac{11}{20}\)

(iii) Number of balls which is neither a green ball nor a white ball = red balls = 6
Number of favourable outcomes = 6
Required probability = \(\frac{6}{20}\) = \(\frac{3}{10}\)

(c) Face (nominal) value of 1 share = ₹ 1oo
Market value of I share = (100 + 20)
= ₹ 120
Money invested on shares = ₹ 9600
Required number of shares purchased = ₹ \(\frac{9600}{120}\) = 80
Selling price of 1 share = ₹ 160
Money received = ₹ 80 × 160 = ₹ 12800
Face value of 1 share = ₹ 50
Market value of ₹ 50’s share = ₹ 40
Money invested on shares = ₹ 12800
Total number of shares purchased = \(\frac{12800}{40}\) = 320
Dividend received on one share of ₹ 100
= ₹ 8 [8% of ₹ 100]
∴ Dividend received on 80 shares of ₹ 100 = ₹ 8 × 80
= ₹ 640
Dividend received on one share of ₹ 50 = 10% of ₹ 50
= ₹ 5
Dividend received on 320 shares of ₹ 50 = ₹ 5 × 320
= ₹ 1600
Change in the two dividends = ₹ (1600 – 640) = ₹ 960

Question 9.
(a) The horizontal distance between two towers is 120 m. The angle of elevation of the top and angle of depression of the bottom of the first tower as observed from the second tower is 30° and 24° respectively.

Find the height of the two towers. Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures. [4]
(b) The weight of 50 workers is given below:

Weight(in kg)	No. of workers
50-60	4
60-70	7
70-80	11
80-90	14
90-100	6
100-110	5
110-120	3

Draw an ogive of the given distribution using a graph sheet. Take 2 cm = 10 kg on one axis and 2 cm = 5 workers along the other axis. Use a graph to estimate the following:
(i) the upper and lower quartiles.
(ii) if weighing 95 kg and above is considered overweight find the number of workers who are overweight. [6]
Solution:
(a) Here, AB be the first tower and CD be the second tower.
In ΔAEC, we have
\(\frac{\mathrm{AE}}{\mathrm{EC}}\) = tan 30°
⇒ \(\frac{\mathrm{AE}}{120}\) = \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\) [∵ EC = BD = 120 m (given)]
⇒ AE = \(\frac{120}{\sqrt{3}}\) = \(\frac{40 \sqrt{3} \times \sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}}\) = 40\(\sqrt{3}\)
= 69.28 m
Let h be the height of second tower, then CD = h m
AB = AE + EB = 69.28 + h

Now, in ri ΔCDB = tan 24°
⇒ \(\frac{h}{120}\) = 0.4452
h = 120 × 0.4452
= 53.424 m
Thus, height of the first tower
= (53.424 + 69.28) m = 122.704 m

(b) To draw an ogive
Since the given frequency distribution is continuous.
So, cumulative frequency table for the given data is:

Weight(in kg)	No. of workers	Cumulative frequency
50-60	4	4
60-70	7	11(4 + 7)
70-80	11	22(11 + 11)
80-90	14	36(22 + 14)
90-100	6	42(36 + 6)
100-110	5	47(42 + 5)
110 – 120	3	50(47 + 3)
Total	50

Since the x-axis starts at 50, a kink is shown near the origin on x-axis to indicate that the graph is drawn to scale beginning at 50.
Take 2 cm = 10 kg on x-axis and Take 2 cm
= 5 workers on y-axis
Plot the points (50, 0), (60, 4), (70, 11), (80, 22), (90, 36), (100, 42), (110, 47), (120, 50)
Join these points by using free hand drawing. The required ogive is drawn on the graph paper.
Here n = number of workers = 50
(i) To find upper quartile:
Let A be the point on y-axis representing frequency
= \(\frac{3 n}{4}\) = \(\frac{3 \times 50}{4}\) = 37.5

Through A, draw a horizontal line to meet the ogive at B. Through B draw a vertical line to meet the x-axis at C. The abscissa of the point C represents 92.5 kg.
∴ The upper quartile = 92.5 kg
To find the lower quartile:
Let D be the point on y-axis representing frequency
= \(\frac{n}{4}\) = \(\frac{50}{4}\) = 12.5
Through D, draw a horizontal line to meet the ogive at E. Through E draw a vertical line to meet the x-axis at F. The abscissa of the point F represents 72 kg
∴ The lower quartile is 72 kg

(ii) On the graph point G represents 95 kg. Through G, draw a vertical line to meet the ogive at H. Through H, draw a horizontal line to meet y-axis at I. The ordinate of the point I represents 40 workers ony-axis
∴ The number of workers who are 95 kg and above = Total number of workers – number of workers of
weight less than 95 kg = 50 – 40 = 10

Question 10.
(a) A wholesaler buys a TV from the manufacturer for ₹ 25,000. He marks the price of the TV 20% above his cost price and sells it to a retailer at a 10% discount on the marked price. If the rate of VAT is 8%, find the:
(i) marked price.
(ii) retailer’s cost price inclusive of tax.
(iii) VAT paid by the wholesaler. [3]
(b) If A = \(\left[\begin{array}{ll}
3 & 7 \\
2 & 4
\end{array}\right]\), B = \(\left[\begin{array}{ll}
0 & 2 \\
5 & 3
\end{array}\right]\) and C = \(\left[\begin{array}{cc}
1 & -5 \\
-4 & 6
\end{array}\right]\). Find AB – 5C.
(c) ABC is a right angled triangle with ∠ABC = 90°. D is any point on AB and DE is perpendicular to AC. Prove that:

(i) ΔADE ~ ΔACB.
(ii) If aC = 13 cm, BC = 5 cm and AE = 4 cm. Find DE and AD.
(iii) Find, area of ΔADE: area of quadrialteral BCED. [4]

Solution:
(a) For the wholesaler:
Cost price of the TV = ₹ 25000
Tax paid = 8% of ₹ 25000
= ₹ 2000
Now, price marked by the wholesaler is 20% above cost price
= ₹ (25000 + 20% of 25000)
= ₹ (25000 + 5000) = ₹ 30000
Discount = 10% of marked price
= \(\left(\frac{10 \times 30000}{100}\right)\) = ₹ 3000
Selling price of the TV = ₹ (30000 – 30000)
= ₹ 27000
For the retailor, cost price of the TV = ₹ 27000
VAT = 8% of ₹ 27000
= ₹ \(\frac{27000 \times 8}{100}\) = ₹ 2160
Cost price of the TV for retailer, inclusive of tax = ₹ (27000 + 2160) = ₹ 29160
VAT paid by the wholesaler = Tax recovered on sale – Tax paid on purchase = ₹ (2160 – 2000) = ₹ 160

(b)

(c)
In ΔADE and ΔACB
∠AED = ∠ABC = 90° ….. (given)
∠A = ∠A (common)
ΔADE \(\sim\) ΔACB

(A.A. axiom of similarity)

(ii) In right ΔABC, we have
AC = 13 cm, BC = 5 cm

We know, area of rt.
ΔABC = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × base × height
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 5 × 12 = 30 cm²
Since ΔADE \(\sim\) ΔACB

(iii) For area of ΔADE : area of quad. BCED
Area of quad. BCED
= area of ΔABC – area of ΔADE
= 30 – \(\frac{10}{3}\) = \(\frac{80}{3}\) cm²

⇒ Area of ΔADE : Area of quad. BCED = 1 : 8

Question 11.
(a) Sum of two natural numbers is 8 and the difference of their reciprocal is \(\frac{2}{15}\). Find the numbers. [3]
(b) Given \(\frac{x^3+12 x}{6 x^2+8}\) = \(\frac{y^3+27 y}{9 y^2+27}\). Using componendo and dividendo find x:y. [3]
(c) Construct a triangle ABC with AB = 5.5 cm, AC = 6 cm and ∠BAC = 105°. Hence:
(i) Construct the locus of points equidistant from BA and BC.
(ii) Construct the locus of points equidistant from B and C.
(iii) Mark the point which satisfies the above two loci as P. Measure and write the length of PC. [4]
Solution:
(a) Consider two natural numbers x and y such that x > y.
Now, \(\frac{1}{x}\) < \(\frac{1}{y}\)
By using the statement of question, we have
x + y = 8 …. (i)
\(\frac{1}{y}\) – \(\frac{1}{x}\) = \(\frac{2}{15}\) …(ii)
From (i) x = 8 – y … (iii)
From (ii) and (iii), we have
\(\frac{1}{y}\) – \(\frac{1}{8-y}\) = \(\frac{2}{15}\) ⇒ \(\frac{8-y-y}{y(8-y)}\) = \(\frac{2}{15}\)
⇒ \(\frac{8-2 y}{8 y-y^2}\) = \(\frac{2}{15}\)
⇒ 120 – 30y = 16y – 2y²
⇒ 2y² – 46y + 120 = 0
⇒ y² – 23y + 60 = 0
⇒ y² – 20y – 3y + 60 = 0
⇒ y(y – 20) – 3 (y – 20) = 0
⇒ (y – 3)(y – 20) = 0
Now, y – 3 = 0 ⇒ y = 3
or y – 20 = 0 ⇒ y = 20
Putting y = 3 in (iii), we have x = 5
Putting y = 20 in (iii), we have x = -12
Since x = -12 is not a natural number, neglecting this value of y
Hence, the numbers are 3 and 5.

(b)
\(\frac{x^3+12 x}{6 x^2+8}\) = \(\frac{y^3+27 y}{9 y^2+27}\)
Apply componendo and dividendo

Again, applying componendo and dividendo, we have
\(\frac{x+2+x-2}{x+2-x+2}\) = \(\frac{y+3+y-3}{y+3-y+3}\)
⇒ \(\frac{2 x}{4}\) = \(\frac{2 y}{6}\) ⇒ \(\frac{x}{2}\) = \(\frac{y}{3}\)
⇒ \(\frac{x}{y}\) = \(\frac{2}{3}\) ⇒ x : y = 2 : 3

(c) Steps of construction :
Constract the triangle ABC with AB = 5.5 cm
∠BAC = 105° and AC = 6 cm
(i) Points which are equidistant from BA and BC lies on the bisector of ∠ABC. Construct bisector of ∠ABC.
(ii) Points equidistant from B and C lies on the perpendicular bisector of BC. Draw perpendicular bisector of BC. The required point P is the point of intersection of the bisector of ∠ABC and the perpendicular bisector of BC.
(iii) Required length of PC = 4.8 cm.