Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science with Solutions Set 4 are designed as per the revised syllabus.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Set 4 with Solutions

Time : 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

  1. Question paper comprises five Sections – A, B, C, D and E. There are 37 questions in the question paper. All questions are compulsory.
  2. Section A – From question 1 to 20 are MCQs of 1 mark each.
  3. Section B – Question no. 21 to 24 are Very Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 40 words.
  4. Section C contains Q.25to Q.29 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 60 words.
  5. Section D – Question no. 30 to 33 are long answer type questions, carrying 5 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words.
  6. Section-E – Questions no from 34 to 36 are case based questions with three sub questions and are of 4 marks each.
  7. Section F – Question no. 37 is map based, carrying 5 marks with two parts, 37a from History (2 marks) and 37b from Geography (3 marks).
  8. There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions. Only one of the choices in such questions have to be attempted.
  9. In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary.

Section – A
MCQs (1 x 20 = 20)

Question 1.
Which of the following companies can be called a multinational company?
(a) Company X, which sells goods in two countries.
(b) Company Y which produces goods in multiple countries and then sells the same in multiple countries too.
(c) Company Z which has a huge market in its home country,
(d) Company A which has a huge online presence and foreigners buy goods and products from this website. [1]
Answer:
(b) Company Y which produces goods in multiple countries and then sells the same in multiple countries too.
Explanation: A MNC is a company that owns or controls production in more than one nation. MNCs set up offices and factories for production in regions where they can get cheap labour and other resources.

Related Theory:
Trade was the main channel connecting distant countries.

Caution:
Such questions are asked based on real life situations. They are application of the concepts taught in the chapter. To answer these, it is important that students understand the concept rather than to rote-learn. Students might underline important statements associated with the topic and make topic notes separately.

Question 2.
Which Italian revolutionary was born in Genoa in 1807?
(a) Giuseppe Garibaldi
(b) Jacob Grimn
(c) Wihelm Grimn
(d) Giuseppe Mazzini [1]
Answer:
(d) Giuseppe Mazzini
Explanation: Mazzini was born in Genoa in 1807. He went on to become a member of the secret society of the Carbonari. As a young man of 24, he was sent into exile in 1831 for attempting a revolution in Liguria. He subsequently founded two more underground societies, first, Young Italy in Marseilles, and then, Young Europe in Berne, whose members were like-minded young men from Poland, France, Italy and the German states. Mazzini believed that God had intended nations to be the natural units of mankind.

Question 3.
Which of the following principles of a democratic government does the action in the given picture violate?
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Set 4 with Solutions 1
(a) Accountability
(b) Legitimacy
(c) Popularity
(d) Transparency [1]
Answer:
(d) Transparency
Explanation: Democracy ensures that
decision making will be based on norms and procedures. A citizen, who wants to know if a decision was taken through the correct procedures, has the right and the means to examine the process of decision making. This is known as transparency. The picture shows that the government is able to view and observe everything about the public but the vice versa is not being facilitated. Hence, it is transparency of a democratic government that is being violated her.

Question 4.
Choose the correctly matched pairs:
(a) Flemish Region of Belgium-French
(b) Northern Sri Lanka-Tamil
(c) Wallonia Region in Belgium-Dutch
(d) Eastern Sri Lanka-Sinhalese [1]
Answer:
(b) Northern Sri Lanka- Tamil
Explanation: In Belgium, 59 per cent lives in the Flemish region and speaks Dutch language. Another 40 per cent people live in the Wallonia region and speak French. Remaining 1 per cent of the Belgians speak German.

Sri Lankan Tamils who speak Tamil are concentrated in Northern and Eastern parts of Sri Lanka.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Set 4 with Solutions

Question 5.
Identify the type of soil by using the given hints:
(I) The soil develops under tropical and subtropical climate with alternate wet and dry season.
(II) It is the product of intense leaching due to heavy rain.
(III) They are deep to very deep, acidic (pH<6.0), generally deficient in plant nutrients.
(a) Laterite Soil
(b) Arid soil
(c) Alluvial Soil
(d) Black Soil [1]
Answer:
(a) Laterite Soil
Explanation: Laterite has been derived from the Latin word ‘later’ which means brick. It develops under tropical and subtropical climate with alternate wet and dry season. They are prone to erosion and degradation due to their position on the landscape. The soil is suitable for cashew nuts, tea and coffee.

Related Theory:
The soils occur mostly in southern states, Western Ghats region of Maharashtra, Odisha, some parts of lA/est Bengal and North-east regions.

Question 6.
What is meant by the term ‘scheduled’ in the word scheduled languages?
(a) The languages are scheduled to be made official.
(b) The languages are spoken by scheduled tribes.
(c) The languages are spoken by a lot of people.
(d) The languages are included in a schedule of the Indian constitution. [1]
Answer:
(d) The languages are included in a schedule of the Indian constitution.
Explanation: There are 22 languages recognised as ‘Scheduled’ in the eighth schedule of the Indian constitution.

Related Theory:
Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya. Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu included in the list of 22 Scheduled Languages of India.

Question 7.
Match the people in Column A with the sectors of economic activity, they belong to in Column B and choose the most appropriate code which reflects the correctly matched pairs.

Column A Column B
(A) Auto rickshaw driver (I) Primary Sector
(B) A Businessman who produces bread (II) Tertiary Sector
(C) A Small trader (III) Secondary Sector
(D) A Miner (IV) Tertiary Sector

Codes:
(a) (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
(b) (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
(c) (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
(d) (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I) [1]
Answer:
(d) A-IV, B-lll, C-ll, D-l
Explanation: Agriculture, fishing and mining are classified as primary sector activities a driver and trader provide services. A businessman who produces processed goods (bread) from natural products (wheat) belongs to the secondary sector.

Question 8.
Choose the correct statement about collateral.
(a) Collateral is what pushes the lender into a painful debt trap situation.
(b) Collateral is the amount that RBI gets from other banks as security deposit for emergency times.
(c) Collateral is an asset that the borrower owns and uses as a guarantee against the amount borrowed.
(d) Collateral is not involved during borrowing of loans from the Formal Sector. [1]
Answer:
(c) Collateral is an asset that the borrower owns and uses as a guarantee to a lender against the amount borrowed.
Explanation: Collateral acts like a guarantee to a lender until loan is repaid. If borrower fails to repay the loan, the lender can reimburse his loan by selling the collateral or confiscating it.

Related Theory:
Property such as land titles, deposits with banks (Jewellery, bonds), livestock are some common examples of collateral used for borrowing. RBI takes a part of the minimum cash balance out of the deposits received by the bank for emergency and other purposes. Collateral is a safety valve for lender’s benefit. It does not put the lender in a debt trap because lender tends and not borrows.

Question 9.
Why were dams built traditionally?
(a) to generate electricity
(b) to stop landslides
(c) for generating hydroelectric energy
(d) to impound rivers and rainwater for irrigation [1]
Answer:
(d) to impound rivers and rainwater for irrigation
Explanation: Dams were traditionally built to impound rivers and rainwater that could be used later to irrigate agricultural fields.

Related Theory:
Dams are now built not just for irrigation but also for electricity generation, water supply for domestic and industrial uses, flood control, recreation, inland navigation and fish breeding.

Question 10.
What did the Corn laws allow the government to do?
(a) to tax corn producers
(b) to fix a quantity of corn that can be harvested everyday
(c) to restrict the import of Corn
(d) to restrict the export of Corn [1]
Answer:
(c) to restrict the import of Corn
Explanation: Under pressure from landed groups, the government also restricted the import of corn as per the ‘Corn Laws’. Unhappy with high food prices, industrialists and urban dwellers forced the abolition of the Corn Laws.

Related Theory:
After the Corn Laws were scrapped, food could be imported into Britain more cheaply. British agriculture was unable to compete with imports.

Question 11.
Which of the following pairs is matched correctly?

Column A Column B
(a) Gram Panchayat (I) Panchayat Samitis
(b) Municipal Corporation (II) Sarpanch
(c) Zila Parishad (III) Mayor
(d) State (IV) Governor

Answer:
(d) State-(iv) Governor
Explanation: In India, the governor is the head of the state appointed by the Central Government of India.

Related Theory:
Alt the panchayat samitis or mandals in a district together constitute the zila parishad. Sarpanch is the head of the gram panchayat in a village in India while the Mayor is the political head of the municipal corporation in towns.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Set 4 with Solutions

Question 12.
There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and a Reason (R). Mark your answer as per the codes provided below:
Assertion (A): The textile industry occupies unique position in the Indian economy.
Reason (R): It is the only industry in the country which is self-reliant.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true. [1]
Answer:
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation: The textile industry occupies unique position in the Indian economy, because it contributes significantly to industrial production, employment generation and foreign exchange earnings.

Related Theory:
The industry produces all its goods from raw materials to finished goods all by itself.

Question 13.
There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and a Reason (R). Mark your answer as per the codes provided below:
Assertion (A): Health and nutritional status of people with PDS implemented in their states are certainly likely to be better.
Reason (R): Adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities ensures physical and mental development of the citizens of the state.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true. [1]
Answer:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation: Money does not buy everything. Some developmental indicators are not bought by money. Health and nutritional status of people in states with Public Distribution System is very developed because affordable food and healthcare facilities ensure physical and mental well-being of the people.

Question 14.
Which continent are the Scandinavian countries located in?
(a) Asia
(b) America
(c) Africa
(d) Europe [1]
Answer:
(d) Europe
Explanation: Scandinavian countries such as Sweden, Norway and Finland are located in Northern Europe. The participation of women in public life in these countries is very high.

Related Theory:
These countries are extremely developed and evolved in terms of education, financial and political life.

Caution:
Such questions are asked based on some general knowledge and awareness of the current affairs. It is important for the students to take initiative to research a little bit outside of the chapter about important topics.

Question 15.
The table below shows the estimated number of employees working in the organised and unorganised sectors in India. Read the table carefully and answer the following question:

Sector Organised Unorganised Total
Primary 20 242 262
Secondary 9 54 73
Tertiary 25 76 101
Total 64 372 436
Total in Percentage 14.7% 85.3% 100%

What percentage of primary sector workers in India are employed in the Unorganised Sector according to the table?
(a) 61.7%
(b) 92.3%
(c) 55.5%
(d) 88.0% [1]
Answer:
(b) 92.3%
Explanation: To calculate percentage of primary sector workers employed in an unorganised sector:
Percentage = \(\frac{x}{\text { Total } \times 100}\)
Total number of employees in primary sector = Number of employees in organised + number of employees in unorganised sector
Total number of workers in primary sector: 20 + 242 = 262
Percentage of primary sector employees employed in unorganised sector:
\(\frac { 242 }{ 262 }\) ×100 = 92.3%

Question 16.
Choose the odd one out:
(a) Sweden, USA, China, Saudi Arabia
(b) Norway, France, India and UAE
(c) Italy, Finland, Sri Lanka
(d) Denmark, Canada, Congo and Yemen [1]
Answer:
(c) Italy, Finland, Sri Lanka
Explanation: Each group has countries
arranged in a certain fashion. The first country on the left has the largest women representation in its political institutions (out of the group), followed by countries with representation decreasing as one goes towards the right. This is not true for the chosen option. Finland, as a Scandinavian country has larger representation of women in its political life than Italy. Hence, this option is the odd one out.

Related Theory:
Women’s political representation can be best represented through the following graph. The Nordic countries are also known as Scandinavian countries.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Set 4 with Solutions 2

Question 17.
Complete the following table with correct information with regard to cultivation of Sugarcane by identifying A:

Rainfall required annually Type of climate required Second largest producing country
Sugarcane 75 cm to 100 cm (A) India

(a) Cool and dry
(b) Hot and humid
(c) Cold and wet
(d) Warm and dry [1]
Answer:
(b) Hot and Humid
Explanation: Sugarcan needs hot and humid climate with a temperature of about 21°-27°C. Brazil is the largest producer of sugarcane in the world.

Question 18.
By the late nineteenth century, manu-facturers were printing calendars to popularise their products. Why were the manufacturers using calendars for promotion?
(a) Calenders were used by rich people.
(b) Calenders had no language restriction.
(c) Calendars were used even by people who could not read.
(d) Calenders were used by only middle class people. [1]
Answer:
(c) Calendars were used even by people who could not read.
Explanation: By the late nineteenth century, manufacturers were printing calendars to popularise their products. Unlike newspapers and magazines, calendars were used even by people who could not read. They were hung in tea shops and in poor people’s homes just as much as in offices and middle-class apartments.

Related Theory
Like the images of gods, figures of important personages, of emperors and nawabs, adorned advertisement and calendars.

Caution:
It is important for the students to understand that every line in the chapter is not to be memorised. Students should underline assertions mentioned in the chapter and their reasons separately to relate and understand a concept completely.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Set 4 with Solutions

Question 19.
Fill in the blank by choosing the most appropriate option.
The practise of buying technology from foreign nations for use is called ………………. the technology.
(a) exporting
(b) sharing
(c) granting
(d) importing [1]
Answer:
(d) importing
Explanation: Importing entails buying foreign goods and services while exporting entails selling goods to foreign consumers. Granting involves donation and not purchase of a technology.

Related Theory:
Foreign trade connects the markets or integrates markets in different countries.

Question 20.
Indian Industrialists began shifting from yarn to cloth production in early 1900s. Which of the following statements is possibly a reason?
(I) Early cotton mills in India produced coarse cotton yarn because British yarn was not imported in India. This yarn was exported to China.
(II) The export of Indian yarn to China declined in 1906.
(III) Industrialists had to shift to cloth production from yarn production.
(IV) Indian markets had no demand for coarse yarn.
Codes:
(a) I, II and IV
(b) I and III
(c) I and IV
(d) I, II and III 1
Answer:
(d) I, II and III
Explanation: Lack of British yarn exports forced Indian industrialists to produce coarse yarn which was exported to Chinese markets. From 1906, the export of Indian yarn to China declined since produce from Chinese and Japanese mills flooded the Chinese market. So industrialists in India began shifting from yarn to cloth production. Cotton goods production in India doubled between 1900 and 1912.

Section – B
Very Short Answer Type Questions (2 x 4 = 8)

Question 21.
When and why was the young Italy movement organised?
OR
Mention two consequences of the great depression of 1929. [2]
Answer:
The Young Italy movement was designed by Mazzini through his secret society caLled the Young Italy created to work for the unification of Italy. It was joined by Garibaldi later. The movement can be understood as a struggle to evoke collective belongingness among ItaLians living in divided regions.
OR
The great depression led to:

  • Catastrophic declines in production, employment, income and trade among countries of the world.
  • Fall in agricultural and industrial goods prices.

Question 22.
Why are Political Parties such significant institutions in Democracy? [2]
Answer:

  • Political Parties are Linked to the emergence of representative democracies particularly in large societies like India as an agency to gather different views on various issues and to present these to the government.
  • They also help to spread the ideas of democracy across the nation by forming closer links to people.
  • They help to educate them about their political, economics and social rights and duties.

Question 23.
What is tidal energy? Mention one use of the same. [2]
Answer:
Oceanic tides are used to generate energy by trapping running water in floodgate dams and thereafter utilising the potential energy. Tidal Energy can be used as a clean source to generate electricity. In India, the Gulf of Khambhat, the Gulf of Kuchchh in Gujarat on the western coast is a great source of tidal energy.

Question 24.
How is the competition in the market directly related to uncertain employment opportunities? [2]
Answer:
Cutthroat competition in the market leads the producers to strive to offer their goods for the lowest cost possible without risking their profit margin. To achieve that, producers try to employ workers onLy seasonally so that their expenditure on wages is contained. This makes their employment uncertain.

Section – C
Short Answer Type Questions (3 x 5 = 15)

Question 25.
Distinguish between open and disguised unemployment. [3]
Answer:
The differences between open unemployment and disguised unemployment are as follows:
(1) Open unemployment: Agriculture sector offers large opportunities in terms of employment but a large number of landless labourers still face unemployment. Since they are visibly unemployed, it is called open unemployment.

(2) Disguised unemployment: It is a situation in which more people than actually required are employed in an activity. This causes partial unemployment because each worker performs less and earns below his capacity. This is known as disguised unemployment because on the face of it, no worker is unemployed.

(3) Casual workers such as electricians, plumbers etc. in urban areas are an example of disguised unemployment as these people do not find gainful work every day.

Question 26.
Describe any three types of soils available in India.
OR
Explain any three steps that can be taken to solve the problem of land degradation? [3]
Answer:
Three types of soils found in India are:
(1) Alluvial Soil: It is the most widespread soil and makes up the whole northern plains. Alluvial soil is deposited by three rivers: Ganga, Brahmaputra and Indus. It consists of various proportions of sand, silt and clay.

(2) Black Soil: They are also called Regur Soils. This type of soil is found in the Deccan plateau. They are highly moisture retentive. They are rich in calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime.

(3) Laterite Soil: Laterite soil develops in areas of high temperature and heavy rainfall. It is formed due to intense leaching. These are found in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh.
OR
Steps to tackle land degradation are:
(1) Contour Ploughing: Ploughing along the contour lines can decelerate the flow of water down the slopes, also reducing soil erosion.

(2) Terrace Cultivation: Making terraces by cutting steps out on slope and cultivating them can help stop sheet erosion. This can stop land from losing its fertility.

(3) Strip Cropping: Large fields can be divided into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops which breaks up the force of the wind reducing its effect.

Question 27.
Has democracy been successful in removing inequalities among various classes in the Indian society? [3]
Answer:

  • Democracies Gre expected to remove economical and social inequalities but they have not been very successful.
  • Inequalities have been widening. A small number of ultra rich people are entrusted with a great share of wealth and resources to live life luxuriously while a large number of people have almost no resources to thrive upon.
  • The lower classes of Indian society are getting poorer and poorer- with their falling incomes- while the top most are getting richer and richer.

Question 28.
Describe how the Non-Cooperation Movement lost its meaning in the countryside using the example of peasant’s revolution in Awadh. [3]
Answer:
Non-Cooperation Movement was widespread across the countryside but it slowly lost its significance. This can be explained through the following points:

  • In Awadh, Baba Ramchandra led peasants against talukdars and landlords who demanded high rents and unnecessary cesses.
  • The peasant movement demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of Begar and social boycott of oppressive landlords. Awadh Kisan Sabha was set up under Nehru. Nai-dhobi Bandhs were organised.
  • However, soon the movement lost its direction. Houses of talukdars and merchants were attacked: bazaar looted and grain hoards were taken over. Tribal peasants misinterpreted Gandhi’s idea of Swaraj and grew violent.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Set 4 with Solutions

Question 29.
Both Belgium and Sri Lanka are democracies but they follow different systems of power sharing. Support the statement by giving three points of difference. [3]
Answer:
Difference in power sharing arrangements of Belgium and Sri Lanka can be understood through the following points:
(1) In Belgium, the government does not follow preferential policies in matters of jobs and education unlike Sri Lanka, In Sri Lanka, the majoritarian government prefers only the Sinhala language speaking community.

(2) In Belgium, there is a unique set up calLed the ‘community government’ to look after the cultural, educational and language related issues of minorities and majority. In Sri Lanka, issues of minorities are neglected.

(3) In Belgium, there is no discrimination between different religions. In Sri Lanka, Buddhism is the official religion. People practising other religions are isolated and disrespected.

Section – D
Long Answer Type Questions (5 x 4 = 20)

Question 30.
How was the Print culture responsible for the Protestant reformation?
OR
Dalit participation was limited in the Civil Disobedience Movement. Examine the statement. [5]
Answer:
Print created the possibility of wide circulation of ideas. It led to a new world of debate and discussion.

  • People were able to print messages which agreed and disagreed with established authorities and influence people with printed messages.
  • Such books and pamphlets were severely criticised. In the wake of this criticism, in 1517, the religious reformer Martin Luther wrote Ninety Five Theses criticising many of the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church.
  • Luther’s writings which challenged the Church to debate his ideas, were immediately reproduced in vast numbers and read widely.
  • This caused a rift within the Church and lead to the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
  • The print thus helped spread the new ideas that led to the Reformation.

OR
Dalit participation was limited in the Civil Disobedience Movement. This was because:

  • Dalit had long been ignored by the Congress before the movement started due to the fear of ostracization of the party by higher Hindu castes. They were underrepresented and neglected.
  • In Spite of Gandhiji’s efforts for immediate reconciliation, people were hesitant.
  • Dalits expressed only lukewarm support to Civil Disobedience due to their insecurities of being dominated and ignored for decades.
  • Many Dalit leaders were keen on a different political solution. They wanted the upliftment of their community first.
  • Dalits wanted political empowerment before Swaraj. Gandhiji was against separate electorates. This clash made Dalits even more reluctant.

Related Theory:
Dalit leaders Dr . B. R. Ambedkar, who organised the Dalits into the Depressed Classes association in 1930, clashed with Mahatma Gandhi at the second Round Table Conference by demanding separate electorates for Dalits to secure their interests.

Question 31.
The creation of Linguistic States was the first and a major test for democratic politics in our country. Do you agree? Explain.
OR
“Dynastic succession is one of the most serious challenges before the political parties.” Analyse the statement. [5]
Answer:
Yes, I agree that the reformation and creation of linguistic states was the first obstruction for the newly set up democratic system. This is because:

  • In 1947, states were rearranged to ensure that people who spoke the same language, shared the same culture, geography and descent were living in the same state.
  • Most intellectuals and experts stated that rearrangement of state could lead to disintegration of the country, further risking its security, internal harmony and sovereignty. This was a test of democracy.
  • However, later, it was realised that the reformation of states only made the country more united and made the administration easier. It brought harmony among the people.
  • Creation of Linguistic states helped to fulfill people’s will and aspirations from a democratic system.

OR
Dynastic succession is one of the most serious challenges before the political parties. This can be asserted by the following points.

  • Most political parties do not practice open and transparent election procedures for their functioning and ticket distribution. Only certain members receive positions of influence due to their contacts and influence.
  • There are few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party.
  • In many parties the top positions are always controlled by members of one family or kin. They hold superior positions in the party and are reluctant to give the same up even to more talented candidates in power thirst.
  • This practice is unfair to other members of that party and is also bad for a democracy.
  • People who do not have adequate experience or popular support come to occupy positions of power. This tends to disrupt the working and leads to mistrust and splitting of parties.

Question 32.
Explain any two features each of formal sector loons and informal sector loans.
OR
What should India do or achieve to become a developed country? Explain. [5]
Answer:
Formal Sector Loans: Three features of formal sector loans are:

  • Formal sectors provide cheap and affordable loans and their rates of interest are decided and monitored by the RBI.
  • Formal sector strictly follows the terms of credit which includes fixed interest rate, collateral, documentation and the mode of repayment
  • These loans are given by banks and cooperatives. There is no exploitation of borrowers as lending activities of all the banks are supervised and monitored by the government.

Informal Sector Loans: Loans from local moneylenders, traders, employers, relatives, friends are called informal sector loans. Features are:

  • Their credit activities are not governed by any organisation, therefore they charge exorbitant rates which keep changing as per their profit.
  • Informal sector loan providers know the borrowers personally, and hence they provide loans without collateral and documentation. These loans are not backed by the government.

OR
India should focus on the following points to become a developed country:

  • It should reduce the gap between rich and the poor.
  • It should make provision for accommo-dating all its existing able people in jobs who are willing and able to do but unable to get a suitable job.
  • Primary health and education must access to all even in the remote parts of the country.
  • Government should make provisions for making the country self-reliant by providing skill education to all.
  • Government should encourage small-scale and cottage industries by giving cheaper credits and training to those who are willing to be the entrepreneurs.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Set 4 with Solutions

Question 33.
Why is a dense and efficient network of transport and communication a prerequisite for the development of local, national and global trade of today? Give your opinion.
OR
Assess the need for the conservation of forests and wildlife in India. [5]
Answer:
Dense and efficient network of transport and communication are required for development and local and global trade because:
(1) We use different goods and services in our daily life. Some of these are available in our immediate surroundings while other requirements are met by transporting and exporting. Movement of these goods and services thus becomes necessary for us to sustain.

(2) Today, the world has converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast communication. Ideas and information can be easily transferred from market to market, integrating and linking their requirements and trends.

(3) Transport has been able to achieve the integration with the help of equally developed transportation and communication systems.

(4) Easy availability of goods and services added to the multitude of products present in every market due to well developed transportation and communication systems boosts the demand and the trade ultimately. Trade helps boosting the country’s economy.

(5) Therefore transport, communication and trade are complementary to each other.
OR
The conservation of forests and wildlife in India
is extremely essential.
(1) Living organisms on Earth form a complex web or ecological system which humans are just a minute part of.

(2) We are all interdependent on each other. For example, Humans depend upon living organisms for hasic necessities such as pure air- trees purify the air- take in C02 and release oxygen.

(3) The loss of forest and wildlife is not just a biological problem but it also raises a cultural question on the existence of the people who attach their identity with the forests such as the tribals and the aboriginals.

(4) From 1951 and 1980, according to the forest survey of India, over 26,200 sq km of forest areas was converted into agricultural lands all over India.

(5) Destruction of forests has caused extreme ecological and social disbalance. It has led to a disastrous impact on environment in form of climate change.

Section – E
Case Based Questions (4 x 3 = 12)

Question 34.
Read the source given below and answer the following questions:
After arriving in India, Mahatma Gandhi successfully organised Satyagraha movements in various places. In 1916, he travelled to Champaran in Bihar to inspire the peasants to struggle against the oppressive plantation system. Then in 1917, he organised a Satyagraha to support the peasants of the Kheda district of Gujarat. Affected by crop failure and a plague epidemic, the peasants of Kheda could not pay the revenue, and were demanding that revenue collection be relaxed.
(A) Why did Gandhi organize a movement in South Africa before coming to India? [1]
(B) When and why was the Kheda Satyagraha organised? [1]
(C) What does the concept of Satyagraha emphasize upon? [2]
Answer:
(A) In South Africa, Mahatma Gandhi had begun a revolution to help their society get rid of racism. He fought against their contemporary racist regime in favour of Blacks, Non-whites and native residents through Satyagraha.

Related Theory:
Nelson Mandela fought against Apartheid decades later and was able to get South Africa its Independence in 1994.

(B) Peasants of Kheda were forced to pay tax and rent even when their crops failed due to adverse climate or some natural disaster like epidemic, pest attack etc. Gandhi encouraged these peasants to fight for relaxation of revenues through a Satyagraha movement.

Related Theory:
Champaran Satyagraha was organised against the oppressive Plantation system and Ahmedabad Satyagraha was organised against Cotton Mill owners.

(C) (1) The idea of Satyagraha emphasised upon the force/power of truth and the dire need to search for truth.

(2) It suggested that if the cause was true and one was struggling against injustice, then physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor, truth was powerful enough.

Question 35.
Read the source given below and answer the following questions:
When power is taken away from Central and State governments and given local governments, it is called decentralisation. The basic idea behind decentralisation is that there are a large number of problems and issues which are best settled at the local level. People have better knowledge of problems in their localities.

They also have better ideas on where to spend money and how to manage things more efficiently. Besides, at the local level it is possible for the people to directly participate in decision making. This helps to inculcate a habit of democratic participation. Local government is the best way to realise one important principle of democracy, namely local self-governance.

The need for decentralisation was recognised in our Constitution. Since then, there have been several attempts to decentralize power to the level of villages and towns. Panchayats in villages’ and municipalities in urban areas were set up in all the States.

But these were directly under the control of state governments. Elections to these local governments were not held regularly. Local governments did not have any powers or resources of their own. Thus, there was very little decentralisation in effective terms.
(A) What is a Gram Sabha? What is it responsible for? [1]
(B) What is decentralisation? [1]
(C) Mention two features of local government in India. [2]
Answer:
(A) Gram Sabha is a local self government institution which has to meet at least twice or thrice in a year to approve the annuaL budget of the gram panchayat and to review the performance of the gram panchayat.

Related Theory:
Each village, or a group of villages in some states has a gram panchayat. This is a council consisting of ward members called Ranch or Sarpanch. They are directly elected by all the adult population living in that ward or village. It is the decision-making body for the entire village.

It works under the supervision of the Gram Sabha. Gram Panchayats are grouped together to form a Panchayat Samiti or Block or Mandal Samiti. Its members are elected by all the panchayat members in that area.

(B) Decentralisation is the process of sharing power and responsibility by taking some away from the central government and distributing them further to local and state governments. Generally, the power distributed to the local and state governments include issues that can be settled better at local level.

(C) Two such features are:
(1) India has a three tier system of governments, the central, state and local governments. Each of them have been given their set of powers and responsibilities by the Indian Constitution.

(2) Local self governments have seats reserved in decision making bodies for various ill-represented communities like women, scheduled caste and tribes and others.

Related Theory:
At least one-third of all positions in local self government institutions are reserved for women.

Question 36.
Read the source given below and answer the following questions:
When we compare different things, they could have similarities as well as differences. Which aspects do we use to compare them? Let us look at students in the class itself. How do we compare different students? They differ in their height, health, talents and interests. The healthiest student may not be the most studious one.

The most intelligent student may not be the friendliest one. So, how do we compare students? The criterion we may use depends on the purpose of comparison. We use different criterion to choose a sports team, a debate team, a music team or a team to organise a picnic. Still, if for some purpose, we have to choose the criterion for the all-round progress of children in the class, shall we do it?

Usually we take one or more important characteristics of persons and compare them based on these characteristics. Of course, there can be differences about what are important characteristics that should form the basis of comparison: friendliness and spirit of cooperation, creativity or marks secured?
(A) According to the source given above, why does comparing the total income of a country not tell us what an average person is likely to earn? [1]
(B) In the given source, how does the author drive home the point that being rich might not always mean being developed? [1]
(C) According to you, what are the indicators that should be measured while reviewing the development of a country? [2]
Answer:
(A) Population in each country is variable and so total income cannot be a good criterion to compare the countries. Average income or total income is notan adequate indicator to measure development also because monetary wealth does not mean holistic equal development.

(B) (1) In the given source, the author has tried to drive home the point that each individual is different and hence indicators which are not customised cannot measure development properly.

(2) For example, the author says that the students have different heights, weights, health, talent and interests. They cannot be measured by one single standard. A healthy person might not be the brightest and vice versa. For measuring holistic development, checking multiple indicators is important.

(C) According to me, the indicators that should be measured are:

  • Income of the household
  • Education received by various classes and communities across different regions
  • Sanitation and Housing facilities available to them.
  • Value systems- political, social and technological awareness.

Section – F
Map Based Questions (2 + 3 = 5)

Question 37.
(a) On the given political outline map of India, identify the places with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines drawn on them.
(A) The city where the Jallianwala Bagh incident occurred.
(B) The place where peasant Satyagraha was started. [2]

(b) On the same outline map of India, locate and label any three of the following with suitable symbols.
(a) Tarapur – Nuclear Thermal Power Plant
(b) Kochi – Major Seaport
(c) Tungabhadra – Dam
(d) Chennai – Meenam Bakkam international Airport [3]
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Set 4 with Solutions 3
Answer:
(a) (A) Amritsar
(B) Kheda
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Set 4 with Solutions 4