Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science with Solutions Set 5 are designed as per the revised syllabus.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Set 5 with Solutions
Time : 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80
General Instructions:
- Question paper comprises five Sections – A, B, C, D and E. There are 37 questions in the question paper. All questions are compulsory.
- Section A – From question 1 to 20 are MCQs of 1 mark each.
- Section B – Question no. 21 to 24 are Very Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 40 words.
- Section C contains Q.25to Q.29 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 60 words.
- Section D – Question no. 30 to 33 are long answer type questions, carrying 5 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words.
- Section-E – Questions no from 34 to 36 are case based questions with three sub questions and are of 4 marks each.
- Section F – Question no. 37 is map based, carrying 5 marks with two parts, 37a from History (2 marks) and 37b from Geography (3 marks).
- There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions. Only one of the choices in such questions have to be attempted.
- In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary.
Section – A
MCQs (1 x 20 = 20)
Question 1.
Which of the following describes the issues faced by local governments in India today?
(a) Elections are not held regularly.
(b) Candidates do not want to contest elections.
(c) Gram Sabhas are held regularly but they do not reach at any joint decision.
(d) Most state governments have not transferred significant powers to the local governments. [1]
Answer:
(d) Most state governments have not transferred significant powers to the local governments.
Explanation: India has introduced the concept of local self government but still struggles with achieving it. Elections are held regularly and candidates want to contest elections because of the power they are promised but state governments have not transferred enough powers to these governments. They are still controlled financially by state governments.
Related Theory:
Constitutional status of local state governments have helped to deepen Democracy in India.
Question 2.
Dictatorships are based on political and social equality. Choose the incorrect part of the given sentence.
(a) Dictatorships
(b) Political
(c) Social
(d) Equality [1]
Answer:
(a) Dictatorships
Explanation: Democracy are based on political and social equality. Democracy considers the will of the people above everything. All individuals have equal weight in electing representatives. They have the right to vote or contest elections directly or indirectly through their representatives. They can participate in the decision-making process and can change the government in the next election if the government is not taking care of them.
Related Theory:
Non-democratic governments such as monarchy, military rule, religious leaders or dictatorship do not consider the will of its people. People do not have any right to choose their representatives or change them, nor are these governments accountable to its people.
Question 3.
Identify which of the following statements can appropriately describe the picture.
(a) The Election Commission has passed several orders to reform political parties but parties are reluctant to follow these regulations.
(b) The political parties are preparing to protest against the dictatorial behaviour of the Election Commission.
(c) Candidates of the political parties go to the Election Commission for their training and allotment of duties.
(d) Political Parties have to request Election Commission for funds to fulfill their promises to the public. [1]
Answer:
(a) The Election Commission has passed several orders to reform political parties but parties are reluctant to follow these regulations.
Explanation: Election Commission was formed to monitor and hold free and fair elections with regularity all across the country. They also monitor the working of Political Parties. Political Parties often indulge in corruption and indiscipline. The Election Committee takes care of these by passing rules and regulations (code of conduct), however political parties are reluctant to fulfill them.
Caution:
For picture questions, it is important to read the captions or dialogues if any. Doing that helps to answer the questions in a better way.
Question 4.
Choose the correctly matched pair.
(a) Panchayat Samiti- Group of Gram Panchayats
(b) Gram Panchayat – Supervises Gram Sabha
(c) Sarpanch- Head of Zilla Parishad
(d) Zilla Parishad- Group of Gram Sabhas [1]
Answer:
(a) Panchayat Samiti- Group of Gram Panchayats
Explanation: Sarpanch is the president or head of the Gram Panchayat. All the panchayat samitis or mandals in a district together constitute the zilla (district) parishad.
Gram Sabha supervises the Gram Panchayats. It is the decision-making body for the entire village.
Related Theory:
The local government structure goes right up to the district level. A few gram panchayats are grouped together to form what is usually called a panchayat samiti or block or mandal.
Question 5.
Identify the industry with the help of given features.
(I) This industry requires chemicals as raw materials.
(II) After green revolution, the industry expanded exponentially.
(III) Industry has a huge market in Gujarat.
(a) Automobile industry
(b) Aluminium Smelting industry
(c) Textile industry
(d) Fertiliser industry [1]
Answer:
(d) Fertiliser Industry Explanation: The Fertilisers industry requires chemicals like potash, urea, ammonium phosphate etc., as raw materials.
Related Theory:
After the Green Revolution, the industry expanded to several other parts of the country. Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Kerala contribute towards half of the fertilizer production.
Question 6.
Identify which of the following statements is false about money borrowed from Banks and Cooperative societies.
(a) The money borrowed can be returned in the form of regular monthly instalments, the amount of which is pre-decided.
(b) This type of loan helps to increase the income of the borrowers.
(c) This type of loan can be borrowed without any legal documents.
(d) The Reserve Bank of India supervises and monitors this type of loan. [1]
Answer:
(c) This type of loan can be borrowed without any legal documents.
Explanation: Loan borrowed from Banks and Cooperative sectors is considered as the credit borrowed from Formal Sector and can only be borrowed by fulfilling terms of credit- collateral, legal documents, rate of interest and time period of borrowing.
Question 7.
Match the following items given in Column A with those in Column B and choose the most appropriate code which reflects the correctly matched pairs.
| Column A | Column B | ||
| (A) | Dipa | (I) | Himalayan Belt |
| (B) | Milpa | (II) | Chhattisgarh |
| (C) | Valre | (III) | Mexico |
| (D) | Khil | (IV) | Rajasthan |
Codes:
(a) A-(I), B-(III), C-(IV), D-(II)
(b) A-(III), B-(IV), C-(II), D-(I)
(c) A-(II), B-(III), C-(IV), D-(I)
(d) A-(IV), B-(III), C-(II), D-(I) [1]
Answer:
(c) A-(II), B-(III), C-(IV), D-(I)
Explanation: Jhumming is a kind of Slash and Burn agriculture. In this practice, farmers clear a patch of land and produce cereals and other food crops to sustain their family. When the soil fertility decreases, the farmers shift and clear a fresh patch of land for cultivation. The shifting allows regeneration of fertility in the land.
Related Theory:
The ‘slash and burn’ agriculture is known as ‘Conuco’ in Venezuela, ‘Roca’ in Brazil, ‘Masole’ in Central Africa, tadang’ in Indonesia, ‘Ray’ in Vietnam.
In India, this primitive form of cultivation is called ‘Bewar’ or ‘Dahiya’ in Madhya Pradesh, ‘Podu’ or ‘Penda’ in Andhra Pradesh, ‘Pama Dabi’ or ‘Koman’ or Bringa’ in Odisha, Xumari’ in Western Ghats.
Question 8.
Why is the tertiary sector becoming so important in India? Which of the following statements cannot answer the given statement?
(a) Service sector is responsible for providing basic services like educational, medical, banking and other market related facilities to people.
(b) The development of agriculture and industry leads to the development of services.
(c) The Service sector supplies raw materials to other sectors.
(d) As income levels rise, certain sections of people start demanding better and more services. [1]
Answer:
(c) The Service sector supplies raw materials to other sectors.
Explanation: The Service sector doesn’t produce any goods at all for them to act like raw materials for other sectors. Thus, this sentence cannot be used as an answer to the question mentioned above. Services develop because other sectors are growing. This sector also grows because of greater demand. Demand is generated when people change lifestyles and want greater comfort and luxury.
Related Theory:
Over the past decade, certain new services such as those based on information and communication technology have become important and essential. The production of these services has been rising rapidly
Question 9.
Which of the following statements about Middle classes in Europe is True?
(a) They owned estates in the countryside and also town-houses.
(b) They were a small group, mostly including peasantry.
(c) The ideas of national unity following the abolition of aristocratic privileges gained popularity in this class first.
(d) They spoke French for purposes of diplomacy and in high society. [1]
Answer:
(c) The ideas of national unity following the abolition of aristocratic privileges gained popularity in this class first.
Explanation: In the wake of Industrial Revolution in nineteenth century, a working- class population and middle classes made up of industrialists, businessmen, professionals rose.
It was among the educated, liberal middle classes that the ideas of national unity rose.
Question 10.
Which of the following institutions has been entrusted with the responsibility to conduct Panchayat and Municipal elections?
(a) Zilla Parishad
(b) District Courts
(c) State Election Commission
(d) State Municipal Commission [1]
Answer:
(c) State Election Commission
Explanation: State Election Commission was constituted in 1992 to monitor and hold Panchayat and Municipal Elections.
Question 11.
Which of the following indicators is used by the UNDP to compare development in different countries across the world through its Human Development Report?
(a) Sanitation facilities
(b) Life expectancy at birth
(c) Age at which the child began schooling
(d) Availability of nutritional food [1]
Answer:
(b) Life expectancy at Birth
Explanation: Human Development Report published by UNDP compares countries based on the educational levels of the people, their health status and per capita income. This includes GNI, Life expectancy at birth and mean years of schooling.
Related Theory:
According to the Human Development Report, 2020, United Nations Development Programme, New York, India stands at rank 130.
Question 12.
There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reaspm (R). Mark your answer as per the codes provided below:
Assertion (A): Caste system was based on exclusion of and discrimination against the ‘outcaste’ groups.
Reason (R): Lower or Downtrodden communities were prevented from fraternising, meeting and even walking with Upper caste individuals.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true. [1]
Answer:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and the Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation: Members of the same caste group were supposed to form a social community that practiced the same or similar occupation, married within the caste group and did not eat with members from other caste groups. This caused exclusion.
Question 13.
What is meant by ‘ethnic’?
(a) A social division based on shared culture
(b) A division of society based on language spoken by people
(c) A cultural division based on social conditions
(d) A socio-cultural division based on the linguistic lines [1]
Answer:
(a) A social division based on shared culture
Explanation: People belonging to the same ethnic group believe in their common descent because of similarities of physical type or of culture or both. They need not always have the same religion or nationality.
Question 14.
Fill in the blank marked A in the given table. [1]
| Name of the Book | Subject/Genre |
| 1. Jam-i-Jahan Nama | Newspaper carrying Nationalist information |
| 2. Alamnacs | Calenders |
| 3. Biliotheque Bleue | A |
| 4. Shilling series | Cheap versions of popular works |
(a) Psychological thrillers of the Victorian English society
(b) Romances and Historical narratives
(c) Religious books
(d) Republished folk tales
Answer:
(b) Romances and Historical narratives
Explanation: In France, Biliotheque Bleue were low-priced small books printed on poor quality paper, and bound in cheap blue covers. Then there were the romances, printed on four to six pages, and the more substantial ‘histories’ which were stories about the past.
Related Theory:
In England, penny chapbooks were carried by petty pedlars known as chapmen, and sold for a penny, so that even the poor could buy them.
Question 15.
Which of the following connects countries across the world with each other? [1]
(I) Technology
(II) Inter-personal interactions
(III) Movement of goods and services
(IV) Geography
(V) Investment Codes:
(a) I and IV
(b) I, II, III and IV
(c) I, II, III and V
(d) I, II and III 1
Answer:
(c) I, II, III and I
Explanation: Geographical boundaries divide countries and regions. Apart from that, other four options connect one country to another. People usually move from one country to another in search of better income, better jobs or better education. Technology and investments also move from nation to nation.
Related Theory:
Globalisation is this process of rapid integration or interconnection between countries. MNCs are playing a major role in the globalisation process.
Question 16.
Lending libraries had been in existence from the seventeenth century onwards. In the nineteenth century, lending libraries in England became instrument for educating …………….
Fill in the given blank by choosing the most appropriate option.
(a) Women from rich households
(b) Artisans and lower middle-class people
(c) Political leaders and revolutionaries
(d) The Upper middle class people [1]
Answer:
(b) Artisans and lower middle-class people
Explanation: In the nineteenth century, lending libraries in England became instrument for educating white-collar workers, artisans and lower-middle-class people. Self- educated working class people also wrote for themselves.
Workers also wrote political tracts and autobiographies in large numbers.
Related Theory:
Earlier in the nineteenth century, women became important as readers as well as writers. Penny magazines were especially meant for women. There were manuals, teaching proper behaviour and housekeeping, published especially for them.
Question 17.
Choose the odd one out –
(a) House, Paintings, Vehicles
(b) Buildings, Gold, Weather report for the duration of loan
(c) Interest rates, Ornaments, Land documents
(d) Duration of loan, Interest rate, Loan agreement [1]
Answer:
(b) Buildings, Gold, Weather report for the duration of loan
Explanation: Every loan agreement specifies an interest rate which the borrower must pay to the lender along with the repayment of the principal. In addition, lenders may demand collateral (security) against loans. The rest of the options have different terms of credit. Weather report is not a term of credit.
Related Theory:
Interest rate, collateral and.documentation requirement, and the mode of repayment together comprise what is called the terms of credit. The terms of credit vary substantially from one credit arrangement to another.
Question 18.
” ……………. It is said of “passive resistance” that it is the weapon of the weak, but the power which is the subject of this article can be used only by the strong. This power is not passive resistance; indeed it calls for intense activity. The movement in South Africa was not passive but active ……………..
Which of the following is the given source related to?
(a) Violence in Protest and Clashes
(b) Satyagraha Mass Agitation
(c) Guerrilla Warfare techniques
(d) Hunger Strikes [1]
Answer:
(b) Satyagraha Mass Agitation
Explanation: Satyagraha was a new method which Gandhi ji used to fight against the racist regime in South Africa and later in India.
Gandhi ji’s idea of Satyagraha was based on two principles-truth and non-violence.
Related Theory:
Gandhi ji launched Satyagraha successfully in Champaran in 1916 for indigo planters, in 1917 in Kheda district of Gujarat to support the peasants, and in 1918 in Ahmedabad for cotton milt workers.
Question 19.
The party that loses the election plays the role of the opposition in the Parliament or Legislative Assembly. Find the incorrect statement about the opposition party from those given below:
(a) They act as a check on the actions of the ruling party.
(b) People who have lost the election form a new party with winning MLAs or MPs to remain in power.
(c) The opposition is smaller in number than the ruling party.
(d) The members of the opposition do not necessarily oppose the ruling party on aU matters. [1]
Answer:
(b) People who have lost the election form a new party with winning MLAs or MPs to remain in power.
Question 20.
Which of the following statements determine(s) that the ethnic composition of Belgium is very complex?
(I) 59 per cent lives fn the Flemish region and speaks Dutch language
(II) 40 per cent lives in the Wallonia region and speaks French
(III) 1 per cent of the Belgians speak German.
(IV) In Brussels, 80 percent people speak French while 20 percent are Dutch¬speaking
Codes:
(a) (I), 01) and (IV)
(b) (I), (II) and (III)
(c) Both (I) and (II)
(d) (I), (II), (III) and (IV) [1]
Answer:
(d) (l), (II), (III) and (IV)
Explanation: Ethnic Composition of Belgium is complex because there are multiple linguistic communities living in the country. They are scattered throughout the country and form majorities in some regions and minorities in others. Hence, no blanket welfare scheme has proven to be beneficial for them.
Section – B
Very Short Answer Type Questions (2 x 4 = 8)
Question 21.
Analys two reasons why people dislike political parties. [2]
Answer:
Political parties are unpopular among people because:
- People tend to blame parties for associated issues with democracy and political life.
- Parties are corrupt and indisciplined. They do not practise democratic internal working.
Question 22.
Within the wide swathe of territory that came under his control, Napoleon set about introducing many of the reforms that he had already introduced in France. Highlight two such reforms introduced by him. [2]
Answer:
Two such reforms are:
- He did away with all the privileges based on birth.
- He secured the right to property.
Question 23.
Demand deposits share the essential features of money. Discuss two situations where this feature can be used for one’s benefit.
OR
Mention two reasons which prevent poor people from borrowing credit from banks or other registered institutions? [2]
Answer:
Demand deposits share the essential features of money. This can be used in the following ways:
- Demand deposits can be used to settle payments without the use of cash.
- Demand deposits can be used to withdraw money in times of need. One can withdraw money from the bank using demand deposits at any time.
OR
Two reasons which present poor people from borrowing credit from the bank are-
- Absence of collateral to pledge to borrow money
- Illiteracy and lack of physical bank branches in the villages
Question 24.
Mention two ways of rainwater harvesting practised in ancient India.
Answer:
Two ways of Rainwater Harvesting are:
- Kuls or Guls: They were traditionally built as diversion channels to channelise the flow of surface run-off into water bodies or reservoir tanks in Himalayas. This was also used for irrigation.
- Tankas: In the semi-arid and arid regions of Rajasthan, particularly in Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer, houses traditionally had underground tanks or tankas almost of the size of a room, for storing drinking water.
Section – C
Short Answer Type Questions (3 x 5 = 15)
Question 25.
State any three characteristics of commercial farming in India.
OR
Mention three forms in which minerals occur in India. [3]
Answer:
The main characteristics of commercial farming in India are as follows:
- Crops are grown on a large scale in large farms or plantations for commercial purposes and for export to other countries.
- It is a capital intensive farming and requires high application of modern inputs.
- Modern inputs like high yielding variety (HYVjseeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides are used to obtain higher productivity. Irrigation is also used to meet water requirements.
OR
- They were sent to foreign lands under false promises of sending back to their native lands after they had worked five years on their employer’s plantation.
- On arrival at plantations, labourers found different conditions from what they had imagined or were informed about.
- They had absolutely no legal rights and were underpaid. The living and working conditions were tough and they were oppressed. They were their master’s underpaid slaves who he could exploit in any way.
Question 26.
The Supreme Court’s order to bring down the influence of money and criminals in politics is still fraught with defects. Examine the statement. [3]
Answer:
(1) In order to bring down the influence of money and criminals on politics, the Supreme Court in India has made it mandatory for every election contesting candidate to file an affidavit where he/she shall declare details of his property and criminal cases pending against him/her.
(2) This system of filing an affidavit has made a lot of information available to the public. However, there is no system of checking if the information submitted by candidates is true and correct.
(3) This order of the Supreme Court does not mention the punishment to be given to the leaders /candidates in case of non-compliance. There is no mechanism to check if a candidate has declared all his assets legally and honestly.
Question 27.
19th century Indentured labour system has been described as a ‘New system of slavery’. Explain. [3]
Answer:
In the 19th century, many Indians and Chinese labourers went to work on plantations in mines and construction projects around the world to sustain in times of economic depression. This system of indenture has been described as a ‘new system of slavery’ because of the following reasons:
- They were sent to foreign lans under false promises of sending back to their native lands after they had worked five years on their employer’s plantation.
- On arrival at plantations, labourers found different conditions from what they had imagined or were informed about.
- They had absolutely no legal rights and were underpaid. The living and working conditions were tough and they were oppressed. They were their master’s underpaid slaves who he could exploit in any way.
Question 28.
Define National Development. How can a country achieve it? [3]
Answer:
- National Development entails equitable economic, social and political development of all the communities residing in the nation regardless of their gender, caste, class, creed or domicile.
- It means a holistic growth of the nation in terms of their intellectual, emotional, physical and any other capabilities.
- National development can be achieved if the government ensures the provision of proper housing, sanitation, educational and health care facilities to all the citizens of the country equally.
Question 29.
Conservation in the background of rapid decline in wildlife population and forestry has become essential. Do you agree? Support your stand using three points. [3]
Answer:
Conservation in the background of rapid decline in wildlife population and forestry has become extremely essential. This is because:
- Due to rapid deforestation and decline in wildlife population, the ecological balance of the planet gets disturbed causing destruction of certain species and imbalance in natural food chains.
- Deforestation has also added to the impact of Global warming and Climate change. It has increased the incidence of diseases across all the countries.
- Destruction of forest resources has led to a steep fall in the revenue generated by it. Tribals who are directly dependent on such resources have been severely affected.
Section – D
Long Answer Type Questions (5 x 4 = 20)
Question 30.
Can Tourism be considered as a trade? Elaborate your stand using five points.
OR
Explain the pro-active approach adopted by the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) for preserving the natural environment and resources. (5)
Answer:
Yes, Tourism can and should be considered as a trade because of its growing scope and its contribution to the country’s economy.
- Besides boosting the economy, tourism promotes national integration and provides support to various cultural pursuits.
- Tourist arrival and expenditure in the country witnessed an increase of 11.8 percent during the year 2010 as against the year 2009, contributing ? 64,889 crore of foreiqn exchange to the Indian economy in 2010.
- Tourism also promotes local handicrafts of various remote parts of the country and provides the artisans employment.
- More than 15 million people are engaged in this industry directly.
- This proves that tourism has a potential of developing into a very prosperous industry if proper attention was paid to it.
- More attention needs to be paid to diversify and deepen the roots of this industry to branches Like heritage tourism, eco tourism, adventure tourism, cultural tourism, medical tourism and business tourism industry. (Mention any five points)
OR
The proactive approach adopted by the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) for preserving the natural environment and resources like water, oil and gas and fuels in places where it is settling up its power plants entails the following steps:
- Equipment: Optimum utilisation of equipment and adoption of latest techniques and upgrading existing equipment to avoid energy loss or inferior quality production.
- Waste Regeneration: Minimising waste generation by maximising ash utilisation.
- Maintain Ecological Imbalance: Creating green belts for nurturing ecological balance and addressing the question of special purpose vehicles for afforestation.
- Wags to reduce environmental pollution: Reducing environmental pollution through activities like ash pond management, ash water recycling system and liquid waste management.
- Monitoring: Ecological monitoring, reviews and online database management for all its power stations.
Question 31.
Differentiate between organised and unorganised sectors.
OR
Suggest any five measures to reduce unemployment. (5)
Answer:
The differences between the organised and the unorganised sectors are as follows:
| Basis of distinction | Organised Sector | Unorganised Sector |
| 1. Meaning | All organisations registered under the government or some other regulatory agency belong to the organised sector. | These are generally small and scattered units or businesses which are largely outside the control of the government. |
| 2. Followed Status of rules and regulations | Most of their codes of conduct have been framed by the government. They are strictly monitored. | There are rules and regulations but these are not followed. They are not menitored regularly. |
| 3. Nature of job and work availability | Regular work is ensured and the employees cannot be dismissed from their job without valid reasons. | Employees can be asked to leave immediately without any reason. There’s no job security. Work available is also seasonal. |
| 4. Examples | A worker in a large factory, a clerk in an office, a doctor in a hospital. a teacher in a school, etc. | A daily wage labourer/worker in a shop, a handloom weaver. an agricultural labourer, a shop assistant, street vendors etc. |
| 5. Benefits | Workers get several benefits from their employers like paid leaves, provident fund, incentives, pensions, gratuity, medical benefits etc. | There is no provision for extra payment for overtime, paid leaves, holidays, medical leaves or even pension after retirement etc. |
OR
Five measures to reduce unemployment are as follows:
- Unemployment can be reduced by capacity building. Capacity must be built to acquire jobs and new skills through education and training.
- More investments in employment creation schemes can be another way.
- The National Rural Employment Programme scheme is an effective way of generating employment too. This programme aims at creating community assets for strengthening rural infrastructure like drinking water wells, community irrigation wells, village tanks, rural roads and schools.
- Credit should be made easily available for young men and women from all classes and regions to push them towards establishing startups and native industries.
- Farmers should be given credit easily to encourage them to set up food processing units which would generate more employment.
Question 32.
How did the handloom industry collapse in India under the British rule? Explain.
OR
Explain the attitude of the Indian merchants and the industrialists towards the ‘Civil Disobedience’ Movement. (5)
Answer:
The handloom industry collapsed in India under the British rule:
- Factories in Manchester began producing cotton textiles for the domestic market.
- The government put more import duties on the textile coming from India to encourage the local industries and the Indian weavers Lost their overseas market.
- Manchester goods started flooding the Indian markets. Indian weavers could not compete with low cost Manchester cloth.
- The British government in India also levied more taxes on the handloom units. This made Indian textiles costlier.
- The civil war in the USA forced the British to buy more raw cotton from India for their Manchester textile industries. This created an acute shortage of raw material for the weavers and the Indian handloom industry collapsed.
OR
The attitude of the Indian merchants and the industrialists towards the Civil Disobedience Movement can be explained through the following points:
- During the First World War, Indian merchants and industrialists wanted to protect their companies and their products against cheap foreign imports goods. They also wanted a Rupee-Sterling foreign exchange ratio to discourage import.
- To organise their business interests, they formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress (in 1920) and the Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries-(FICCI) in 1972.
- Further, they gave financial assistance to the movement and refused to buy or sell imported goods.
- Most businessmen came to see ‘Swaraj’ as a time when colonial restrictions on business would no longer exist and trade would flourish without constraints.
- After the failure of the Round Table Conference, business groups were no longer enthusiastic. They were apprehensive of the spread of militant activities. They were worried that they would gain nothing out of protesting.
Question 33.
Why are Democratic governments slow at making decisions? How are Non-democratic countries different from them?
OR
What are the main.forms of power sharing in modern democracies? (5)
Answer:
Democratic governments are slow at making decisions because:
(1) Democracy is based on the idea of deliberation and negotiation. Many leaders, ministers and officers have to be convinced to arrive at a conclusion regarding every issue.
(2) Such deliberations, debates and negotiations take time. The opinion of every person is considered while deciding for the country. Hence, for democratic government, decision making takes time and has to be achieved through a fixed process.
(3) despite the delay, their decisions are consensual and popular. They are widely accepted.
Non-democratic nations are different from Democratic governments in the following ways:
(1) Non-democratic nations do not have to negotiate and deliberate before taking a decision. Usually, only one person or one group has all the authority to take decisions.
(2) This process takes less time and is not as rigorous. The opinion of the people is not considered while making decisions. Hence their decisions are taken faster but are unpopular and imposed.
OR
Power can be shared or distributed among various organisations or institution in two ways, Horizontal and Vertical
(1) Horizontal Distribution of Power Sharing: In this system power is shared among different organs of the governments in which each organ of government, i.e. Judiciary, Legislature and Executive are placed at the some level to exercise different powers in such a way that none of the organ exercise unlimited power. Besides, each organ checks the others which makes a balance of power among various institutions.
Judiciary → Legislature → Executive
The Horizontal Distribution of Power Sharing
(2) Vertical Distribution of Power Sharing: In this system, power is shared among governments at different levels. For example: Central/Union Government for the entire country at national level States Governments/Provincial or Regional Governments at state level while Municipality and Panchayats at the local level share the power in our country. This division of powers involving higher and lower levels of government is called vertical distribution of power sharing.
Section – E
Case Based Questions (4 x 4 = 16)
Question 34.
Read the source given below and answer the following questions:
In the German regions a large number of political associations whose members were middle-class professionals, businessmen and prosperous artisans came together in the city of Frankfurt and decided to vote for an all-German National Assembly.
On 18 May 1848, 831 elected representatives marched in a festive procession to take their places in the Frankfurt parliament convened in the Church of St. Paul. They drafted a constitution for a German nation to be headed by a monarchy subject to a parliament.
(A) What can we conclude about the treatment of Women in Europe in this century through their participation in this assembly? [1]
(B) Why was this Parliament disbanded? [1]
(C) What led to the unification of Germany? [2]
Answer:
(A) Even though women made their own associations, published news and supported men in their struggles, they were treated as inferiors and admitted as only observers in visitor’s gallery while men made laws and were entitled suffrage.
(B) It was disbanded because:
- The parliament was dominated by the middle classes who resisted the demands of workers and artisans and lost their support.
- The Parliament was also opposed by the military and aristocracy due to the large number of participants from the middle class.
(C)
- Germany was unified by the efforts of Otto von Bismarck who carried this out with the help of the Prussian army and bureaucracy.
- Three wars over seven years – with Austria, Denmark and France – ended in Prussian victory and completed the process of unification.
Question 35.
Read the source given below and answer the following questions:
S0ubsequently, in 1974, Gandhian philosophy was once again presented by Schumacher in his book ‘Small is Beautiful’. The seminal contribution with respect to resource conservation at the global level was made by the Brundtland Commission Report, 1987. This report introduced the concept of ‘Sustainable Development’ and advocated it as a means for resource conservation, which was subsequently published in a book entitled ‘Our Common Future’. Another significant contribution was made at the Earth Summit at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992.
(A) Which Gandhian philosophy does the source talk about? [1]
(B) What was the subject and purpose of this report? [1]
(C) Which significant contribution was made at Earth Summit, 1992? [2]
Answer:
(A) Gandhiji believed that there was enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed on Earth and advocated that the greed for development has caused immense destruction to the environment. If greed was kept below one’s most important needs to grow and develop in the list of priorities, the environment could be saved.
Related Theory:
Other philosophies of Gandhiji as mentioned were used by him to bring India its much deserved Independence from its oppressors- the British.
(B) The concept of sustainable development was introduced through the Brundtland commission report. Thus, the report was based on the subject of Resource conservation.
Its objective was to give a reality check about the frail health of the environment to the world.
(C) (1) Agenda 21 aims at achieving global sustainable development and was declared at the Earth Summit 1992.
(2) It is an agenda to combat environmental damage, poverty, disease through global cooperation.
Related Theory:
United Nations Environment Programme was founded in 1972 at Stockholm Conference.
Question 36.
Read the source given below and answer the following questions:
Large MNCs in the garment industry in Europe and America order their products from Indian exporters. These large MNCs with worldwide networks look for the cheapest goods in order to maximize their profits. To get these large orders, Indian garment exporters try hard to cut their own costs.
As the cost of raw materials cannot be reduced, exporters try to cut labour costs. Where earlier a factory used to employ workers on a permanent basis, now they employ workers only on a temporary basis so that they do not have to pay workers for the whole year. Workers also have to put in very long working hours and work night shifts on a regular basis during the peak season. Wages are low and workers are forced to work overtime to make both ends meet.
(A) Why do large MNCs with worldwide network look for the cheapest raw materials? [1]
(B) How has Globalisation changed the market? mention two points. [1]
(C) Can you consider the impact of Globalisation on the factory owners and employees equal and fair in the given source? Support your answer using examples. [2]
Answer:
(A) MNCs with large capital in their hands look for countries where they get cheaper raw materials and other resources to earn maximum profits to establish their factories.
(B) Globalisation has brought greater employment opportunities. It has also improved the living standards of the people as their choices have
widened. Globalisation has aLso posed major challenges for a large number of small producers and workers.
Related Theory:
The small industries inIndia which employ the largest number of workers (20 million) in the country have been shut down due to globalisation as these industries were unable to compete with large MNCs.
OR
(C) No, the impact of GLobalisation has not been equally beneficial for the workers and the factory owners. This can be evidenced by the following arguments:
(1) Factory owners have been given an opportunity to maximize their profits through international trade but it is the workers who actually bear the brunt. Their wages are reduced to reduce the cost of production.
(2) Factory owners recieve and utilise these profits, for selfish motives while the workers who put in long working hours, rigorous schedules and low wages receive no such benefits.
Caution:
To answer questions like this, it is important that the student read each word in the given source and understand it thoroughly.
The answer should be balanced but clearly inclined towards an agreement or disagreement with what is asked in the question.
Section – F
Map Based Questions (5)
Question 37.
(a) On the given political outline map of India identify the places marked as A and B with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked near them.
(A) The place known for peasant Satyagraha in Gujarat.
(B) The place where the session of Indian National Congress was held in December 1920. [2]
(b) On the same given map of India, locate and label any three of the following with suitable symbols.
(a) Singrauli – Thermal Power Plant
(b) Tuticorin – Seaport
(c) Bhakra Nangal – Dam/Multi-purpose
(d) Kalapakkam- Nuclear power plant [3]
Answer:
(1) (A) Kheda
(B) Nagpur
(2) Located and labeled on the map
