Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography with Solutions Set 10 are designed as per the revised syllabus.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Set 10 with Solutions

Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

  1. This Question paper has four sections: Section A, Section B, Section C and Section D
  2. In Section A question number 1 to 17 are MCQ Type Questions.
  3. In Section B question number 18-23 are Short Answer Type Questions (80-100) words. Question 18 & 19 are source based questions.
  4. In Section C question number 24 to 28 are Long Answer based Questions (120-150) words.
  5. In Section D question number 29 to 30 are Map based Questions having 5 sub parts.

Section-A

Question 1.
Who among the following defined Human Geography as-‘conception resulting from a more synthetic knowledge of the physical laws governing our earth and of the relations between the living beings which inhabit it? [1]
(A) Ratzel
(B) Ellen C. Semple
(C) Paul Vidal de la Blache
(D) Griffith Taylor
Answer:
(C) Paul Vidal de la Blache
Explanation-. According to Paul Vidal de la Blache, “Human geography provides a new direction to the mutual interrelationships between the Earth and the Humans”.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Set 10 with Solutions

Question 2.
Which of the following pair is matched correctly? [1]

Column I Column II
(A) Behavioural geography (i) Psychology
(B) Cultural geography (ii) Antropology
(C) Gender geography (iii) Epidermiology
(D) Medical geography (iv) Sociology

Answer:
(A) Behavioural geography (i) Psychology
Explanation: Behavioural geography utilises several contacts related to the psychology which also deals with the study of human nature.

Question 3.
Which one of the following physical factor is responsible for the uneven distribution of population in India? [1] 1
(A) Availability of water
(B) Agricultural development
(C) Transport network
(D) Urbanization
Answer:
(A) Availability of water
Explanation: The availability of water in large quantities play an essential part in the distribution of population in India.

Question 4.
Which is the main objective of development according to Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen? A I [1]
(A) Increase in brotherhood
(B) Increase in freedom
(C) Increase in democracy
(D) Increase in equality:
Answer:
(B) Increase in freedom
Explanation: Nobel Laureate Prof Amartya Sen saw an increase in freedom (or decrease in unfreedom) as the main objective of development. According to him, freedom is both the primary objective of development, and the principal means of development.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Set 10 with Solutions

Question 5.
Choose the incorrect statement regarding commercial livestock rearing: A 1 [1]
(A) Commercial livestock rearing is associated with Western culture.
(B) This type of commercial rearing is banned in India.
(C) Move from one place to another depending on the amount of pastures.
(D) When the grass of one parcel is grazed animals are moved to another parcel.
Answer:
(B) This type of commercial rearing is banned in India.
Explanation: Commercial livestock rearing is
more organised and capital intensive. Commercial livestock ranching is essentially associated with western cultures and is practised on permanent ranches. These ranches cover large areas and are divided into several parcels, which are fenced to regulate the grazing. When the grass of one parcel is grazed, animals are moved to another parcel.

Question 6.
Computer and chemicals are examples of: A 1 [1]
(A) high -tech industries
(B) agriculture based industries
(C) private sector industries
(D) small scale industry
Answer:
(A) high -tech industries
Explanation: Computer and Chemical Industries are characterized by neatly spaced, low, modern, dispersed, office-plant-lab type buildings rather than massive assembly structures, factories and storage areas. This marks them as the High-tech Industrial complex. These industries also make use of the latest technology, mathematics and science.

Question 7.
Which of the following is incorrectly matched? [1]
Answer:

Column I Column II
(A) Behavioural geography (i) Psychology
(B) Cultural geography (ii) Antropology
(C) Gender geography (iii) Epidermiology
(D) Medical geography (iv) Sociology

(C) Gender geography (iii) Epidemiology

Question 8.
Identify which one of the following group of cities have been arranged in the sequence of their ranks i.e., 1,2,3 and 4 in size? [1]
(A) Greater Mumbai, Bengaluru, Kolkata, Chennai
(B) Delhi, Greater Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata
(C) Greater Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi, Chennai
(D) None of the Above
Answer:
(C) Greater Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi, Chennai

Question 9.
Which one of the following is often been described as Transport Network? [1]
(A), Respiratory system
(B) Arteries of circulation
(C) Blood circulation
(D) Heart circulation
Answer:
(B) Arteries of circulation
Explanation: Transportation is an Organised Service Industry created to satisfy the basic needs of society. Networks of Road, Railways and Water ways have often been described as “Arteries of Circulation”.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Set 10 with Solutions

Question 10.
Arrange the countries from the highest to the lowest on total railway network: A 1 [1]
(i) India
(ii) Russia
(iii) China
(iv) United States of America Options:
(A) I, ii, iii, iv
(B) iv, iii, ii, i
(C) iii, ii, iv, i
(D) iv, iii, i, ii
Answer:
(B) iv, iii, ii, i
Explanation: The factors that influence the development of the Railways are the Relief features of the region, the Density of population, the Availability of Natural Resources and the Level of Economic Development.

Question 11.
Which one of the following continents has the highest growth of population:
(A) Africa
(B) South America
(C) Asia
(D) North America
Answer:
(A) Africa
Explanation: The highest population growth is in the continent of Africa.

Question 12.
Consider the following statements and choose the correct option from the given below:
I. Nature and human are inseparable elements and should be seen holistically.
II. Human Geography studies about urban studies and planning.
Options:
(A) Only Statement I is correct.
(B) Both the statements are true and Statement II correctly presents the reason for Statement I.
(C) Only Statement II is correct.
(D) Both the Statement I and II are incorrect.
Answer:
(A) Only Statement I is correct.
Explanation: Human geography studies “the
relationship between the physical/natural and the human worlds, the spatial distributions of human phenomena and how they come about, the social and economic differences between different parts of the World.”

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Set 10 with Solutions

Question 13.
Assertion: The graph is a quantitative change.
Reason: Development is a qualitative change.
Options:
(A) Only Assertion is correct.
(B) Only Reason is correct.
(C) Both statements are correct Statement II correctly explains Statement I.
(D) Both are correct but not related to each other.
Answer:
(D) Both are correct but not related to each other.
Explanation: If the population of a city grows from one lakh to two lakhs over a period of time, we say the city has grown. However, if facilities like Housing, provision of basic services and other characteristics remain the same, then this growth has not been accompaniedd by development. So growth and development are not related to each other.

Question 14.
Assertion: The earliest Human beings depended on their immediate environment for their sustenance. [1]
Reason: They subscribed on animals which they hunted and the edible plants which they gathered from forests. Options:
(A) Only Assertion is correct.
(B) Only Reason is correct.
(C) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
(D) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
Answer:
(C) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
Explanation: In those days Gathering and Hunting were the only economic activities known to the early human for his sustenance.

Read the case study given below and answer the questions no. 15 to 17 that follow:
The level of Urbanisation is measured in terms of percentage of urban population to total population. The level of Urbanisation in India in 2011 was 31.16 per cent, which is quite low in comparison to developed countries. Total urban population has increased eleven-fold during the twentieth century.

Enlargement of Urban centres and emergence of new towns have played a significant role in the growth of Urban population and Urbanisation in the country. But the growth rate of urbanisation has slowed down during last two decades. Urban centre with population of more than one lakh is called a city or class 1 town. Cities accommodating population size between one to five million are called Metropolitan cities and more than five million are Mega cities. Majority of Metropolitan and Mega cities are Urban Agglomerations.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Set 10 with Solutions

Question 15.
How is the level of Urbanisation measured in India?
(A) Square roots
(B) Metrics
(C) Percentage
(D) Kelvin
Answer:
(C) Percentage

Question 16.
What was the level of Urbanisation recorded in India in 2011?
(A) 31.14%
(B) 31.15%
(C) 31.16%
(D) 31.17%
Answer:
(C) 31.16%

Question 17.
Delhi, Mumbai and Chennai are examples of:
(A) Rural cities
(B) Metropolitan cities
(C) Transport cities
(D) None of the Above
Answer:
(B) Metropolitan cities

Section-B

Question 18.
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
Available Water resources are degrading rapidly. The major rivers of the country generally retain better water quality in less densely populated upper stretches in Hilly areas. In Plains, river water is used intensively for Irrigation, Drinking, Domestic and Industrial purposes. The Drains carrying agricultural (fertilizers and insecticides), domestic (solid and liquid wastes), and industrial effluents join the rivers. The concentration of pollutants in rivers, especially remains very high during the summer season when flow of water is low.

The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)in collaboration with State Pollution Control Boards has been monitoring w7ater quality of National Aquatic Resources at 507 stations. The data obtained from these stations show that organic and bacterial contamination continues to be the main source of pollution in rivers.

The Yamuna river is the most polluted river in the country between Delhi and Etaw’ah. Other severely polluted rivers are: the Sabarmati at Ahmedabad, the Gomti at Lucknow7, the Kali, the Adyar, the Cooum (entire stretches), the Vaigai at Madurai and the Musi of Hyderabad and the Ganga at Kanpur and Varanasi.Ground w’ater pollution has occurred due to high concentrations of heavy/toxic metals, fluoride and nitrates at different parts of the country.

  1. Why the available water resources are degrading rapidly?
  2. What is the main role of CPCB?
  3. Why does the concentration of pollutants in rivers, especially remains very high during the summer season?

Answer:
(1) Water pollution happens when toxic substances enter water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans and so on, getting dissolved in them, lying suspended in the water or depositing on the bed. This degrades the quality of water.

(2) The primary objective/goal of the CPCB is to promote cleanliness and restore wholesomeness of water in wells and streams.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Set 10 with Solutions

(3) The drains carrying agricultural (fertilizers and insecticides), domestic (solid and liquid wastes), and industrial effluents join the rivers. The concentration of pollutants in rivers, especially remains very high during the summer season when flow of water is low. (1+1+1=3)

Question 19.
Study the map given below and answer the questions that follow?
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Set 10 with Solutions 1

  1. Name the Railway line shown in the given map.
  2. Which are the Terminal stations of this Railway line?
  3. Name the ports located on the coast of Spencer Gulf through which this Railway line passes.

Answer:

  1. Australian Trans-Continental Railway.
  2. Perth and Sydney.
  3. Port Augusta and Port Pirie. (1+1+1=3)

Question 20.
What is the basic function of the World Trade Organisation? [3]
OR
Explain with examples how the availability of water and landform influence the distribution of population in India.
Answer:
The basic functions of World Trade Organisation:

  • WTO deals with the global rules of trade between nations.
  • Its sets the rules for the Global Trading System and resolves disputes between its member nations
  • WTO also covers Trade in services, such as Telecommunication and Banking, and others issues such as Intellectual Rights. (1+1+1=3)

OR
Water Resources: Water is an essential resource for the survival of man. Water is needed for Irrigation Industrial Activity, Power generation, Drinking and other Domestic purposes. Ancient civilizations like the Indus Valley developed along the River Valleys. Navigable Waterways also serve as major transport and Trade Routes, e.g., the Rhine. Hence, population distribution is high near the Water resources.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Set 10 with Solutions

Landform: Landform influences man’s economic activities as well as the distribution of population. Rugged topography, Harsh climate, Infertile soil does not favour Agriculture or Development of Industries. Moreover, Uneven Topography is not suitable for the Development of Transport Networks. Hence, Distribution of Population is less in the Mountainous areas of the Himalayas, Alps, etc. (3)

Question 21.
How does the ‘Suez Canal’ serve as a Gateway of Commerce for both the Eastern and Western worlds? Explain
with suitable examples. [3]
Answer:
Suez Canal Characteristics:

  • It connects Mediterranean Sea with Red Sea.
  • It gives Europe a New Gateway to the Indian Ocean.
  • It reduces distance between Liverpool and Colombo.
  • It is a sea level canal without locks.
  • As the tolls are heavy, some find it cheaper to go by the longer Cape Route whenever the consequent delay is not important. (Any three points to be mentioned) (3)

Question 22.
Give the meaning of High-tech Industry. State any two characteristics of this industry. [3]
OR
Differentiate between Primary and Secondary Activities. A
Answer:
High-tech Industries which are regionally concentrated, self-sustained and highly specialised are called Technopolies. Technopolies are neatly spaced, low, modem, dispersed, office-plant lab buildings rather than massive assembly structures and factories. Planned Business Parks for High-tech start ups are also a part of technopolies. The Silicon Valley near San Francisco and Silicon Forest near Seattle are examples of Technopolies. (3)
OR
The three differences are:

Primary Activity Secondary Activity
(i) Primary activity pertains to the extraction of Raw materials from the Earth’s surface. Secondary Activity Secondary activity includes Industries that transform raw materials into finished goods having higher value.
(ii) These activities include Hunting, Gathering, Fishing, Forestry, etc. These activities indude Manufacturing Cotton Textile from Cotton and Iron and Steel from Iron ore.
(iii) Primary activities are almost the only source of Food supply and Raw materials for Industries. Secondary activities have their impact on Education, Health, Transport and Trade.

Question 23.
Mention the characteristics of india’s foreign trade. [3]
Answer:
The characteristics of India’s Foreign Trade are:

  1. India’s Foreign Trade increase in Total Volume of Import and Exports.
  2. India Imports more than its Exports.
  3. Due to the rise in prices of Crude Petroleum in the International Market India’s Trade deficit increases. (1×3=3)

Section-C

Question 24.
Differentiate between Nomadic Herding and Commercial Livestock rearing, stating any five points of distinction. A i [5]
Answer:
(i)India’s Foreign Trade increase in Total Volume of Import and Exports.

(ii) They keep on moving from one place to another in search of pasture, food and water.

(iii) The animals that they rear are of poor quality and the produce meets the local requirements of the nomads.

(iv) It is practised mostly in the Tropical Grasslands of Savannahs and the pastures are not permanent.

(v) Types of animals reared vary from region to region. In Tropical Africa, cattle are the most important livestock, while in Sahara and Asiatic Deserts, sheep, goats and camel are reared. In the Mountainous areas of Tibet and Andes, yak and llamas and in the Arctic and sub-Arctic areas, Reindeer are the most important animals.

Commercial Livestock Rearing:
(i) It is practiced by people who are well settled.

(ii) Ranches are built to rear animals. The animals are taken care of.

(iii) The quality of animals is very good, the produce from the animals is large and the products are processed and exported.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Set 10 with Solutions

(iv) It is mostly practised in Temperate Grasslands Pampas, Prairies.

(v) This type of activity is a specialised activity in which only one type of animal is reared. Important animals include sheep, cattle, goats and horses. Products such as meat, wool, hides and skin are processed and packed scientifically and exported to different World Markets. 214×21/2=

Question 25.
Describe any five characteristics of’Subsistence Agriculture’practised in the World. A 1 [5]
Answer:
Characteristics of Subsistence Agriculture:
(i) Farmers consume almost all their products, whatever they produce.
(ii) It is classified into two types: Primitive Subsistence Agriculture and Intensive Subsistence Agriculture.
(iii) Primitive Subsistence Agriculture or Shifting Cultivation is widely practised by many Tribes in the Tropics.
(iv) Intensive Subsistence Agriculture is practised in densely populated region of monsoon Asia.
(v) Intensive Subsistence Agriculture is divided into Intensive Subsistence Agriculture dominated by wet paddy cultivation and Intensive Subsistence Agriculture dominated by crop other then paddy.
(vi) Any other relevant point.
(Describe any five points) 1×5=5 (CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019)

Detailed Answer:
Characteristics of Subsistence Agriculture:
(i) It is also called Shifting Agriculture/Slash and Burn/Jhumming/Milpa/Ladang: It is also called Shifting Agriculture as only a small plot of land is cleared and cultivated for a short period of time and then is abandoned and allowed to regain the lost fertility as the farmer moves to the next piece of land for cultivation.

(ii) It is widely practised by Tribes in Tropics: Africa, • South and Central America, South East Asia:
The tribes living in Tropics practice such type of ‘ farming where it is based on Maize Cultivation and Domestication of Potatoes. Planting decisions are made principally with an eye towards what the family will need during the coming year.

(iii) Vegetation is cleared by fire and ashes add to soil fertility. This type of agriculture does not invest much in Advanced Technology but uses age old practice to add fertility to the soil as this type of agriculture caters only to the Family requirements.

(iv) Farms are small: The Farmers focus on growing enough food to feed themselves and their families, hence the size of the farms are small.

(v) They use primitive tools: The Farmers use primitive tools as such farming is done only for their subsistence and not for Market Competition. The tools used are Plough, Harrow, Hedges, etc.

(vi) The aim of such agriculture is not to compete in the Market but to fend for the Family members and store food for the next season as well.

(vii) Farmers work with family workers: The members of the same family work on the farm as the main aim is to fulfil the needs of its Producers.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Set 10 with Solutions

Question 26.
“Development is qualitative change, which always has positive value”. Support this statement with suitable arguments. A I [5]
OR
Write a note on the Scope of Human Geography. An i
Answer:
26. Development cannot take place unless there is an increment or addition to the existing conditions. Development is possible only when some positive growth takes place. Yet, positive growth does not always lead to development. Development occurs when there is a positive change in quality. Dr. Haq has described Human Development as development that increases people’s choices and improves their lives.

People are central to all development under this concept. These choices that Dr. Haq talks about are not fixed but in fact they keep changing. The basic aim of development is to create conditions where people can live meaningful lives. A meaningful life does not mean a long one. It refers to life with some purpose. This means that people must be healthy, be able to use their talent, participate in the society and be free to accomplish their goals happily. (5)
OR
The process of adaptation, adjustment with and modification of the environment started with the appearance of Human beings over the surface of Earth in different Ecological niches. Thus, we can imagine the beginning of Human Geography with the Interaction of environment and human beings.
(i) The concerns of human geography have a long temporal continuum though the approaches to articulate them have changed over time.

(ii) Earlier, there was little interaction between different societies, and the knowledge about each other was limited. Travellers and Explorers used to disseminate information about the areas of their visits. Navigational skills were not developed, and voyages were fraught with dangers.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Set 10 with Solutions

(iii) With the Advancement in Technology, Human Geography developed which helped in explaining the relationship between all elements of Human life and the Space they occur over. The scope of Human Geography can be well explained with the help of examples.

(iv) For example, the Humanistic School of Thought in Human Geography is mainly concerned with the different aspects of social well-being of the people.

(v) The Radical School of Thought employed Marxian Theory to explain the basic cause of Poverty and Social inequality. Similarly, Behavioural school of Thought laid great emphasis on live experience and also on the perception of space by social categories based on Ethnicity, Race, Religion, etc. (1×5=5)

Question 27.
How are the principal modes of world transportation complementary to one another? Explain with examples.
A . [5]
Answer:
27. Principal modes of transport are land, water and air. They are all complementary to one another:
(i) All modes of transport are used for inter- regional and intra-regional movement of goods and passengers.

(ii) International movement of goods is mainly handled by Ocean freighters carried forward to the market/ place of destination by Roadways or Railways.

(iii) Light weight/delicate goods are transported through Airways which takes lesser time as compared to the other Modes of Transport. Then Roadways provide the Door to Door facility to deliver the product to its destination.

(iv) Waterways carry heavy/bulky goods to their destinations only with the help of the Land Transport.

(v) Mainly Land Transport acts as a feeder to the Airways and the Waterways.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Set 10 with Solutions

Question 28.
Explain with examples any five factors that affect the population distribution in India. [5]
OR
On the Basis of Evolution in different times, Indian cities can be divided into how many kinds. Explain each type. A 1
Answer:
The major factors that affect human population distribution are:

  • Physical features
  • Agriculture
  • Fresh water availability
  • Favourable climate
  • Availability of power
  • Easy access to other communities Furthermore various physical and natural factors that affect the distribution of population in India are as follows:
(i) Physical factors High Density Low Density
Relief (Shape and height of land) Lowland which is flat, e.g. Ganges Val-ley in India. High land that is mountainous, e.g. Himalayas.
Resources Areas rich in re-sources (e.g. coal, oil, wood, fishing, etc.) tend to be densely populated. For e.g, The Chota Nagpur Plateau. Area with few resources tend to be sparsely populated. For e.g, Meghalaya.
Climate Areas with temper¬ate climate tend to be densely popu-lated as there is enough rain and adequate temperature to grow crops. For e.g., The Northern Plains. Areas with ex-treme climate of hot and cold tend to be sparsely popu-lated. For e.g., the Thar Desert.
(ii) Human factors
Political Countries with stable governments tend to have a high population density, e.g., Singapore. Unstable coun-tries tend to have
Social Group of people want to live close to each other for secu-rity. e.g., USA. Other groups of people prefer to be isolated, e.g., Scandinavians.
Economic Good job oppor-tunities encourage high population densities, particu-larly in large cities. e.g., The Gangetic Plains. Limitedjob opportunities cause some are-as to be sparsely populated. For e.g., High alti-tude areas.

OR
On the Basis of their Evolution in different periods, Indian towns can be classified as:

  • Ancient towns,
  • Medieval towns, and
  • Modern towns

Ancient Towns:

  • There are number of towns in India having Historical Background spanning over 2000 years.
  • Most of them developed as Religious and Cultural Centres.
  • Varanasi is one of the important towns among them.
  • Prayag (Allahabad), Pataliputra (Patna), Madurai are some other examples of Ancient Towns in the Country.

Medieval Towns:

  • About 100 of the existing towns have their roots in the Medieval Period.
  • Most of them developed as headquarters of principalities and kingdoms.
  • These are Fort Towns which came up on the mins of Ancient towns. Important among them are Delhi, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Lucknow, Agra and Nagpur.

Modem Towns:
(i) The British and other Europeans have developed a number of towns in India. Starting their foothold on Coastal locations, they first developed some trading ports such as Surat, Daman, Goa, Puducherry, etc.

(ii) The British later consolidated their hold around three principal nodes – Mumbai (Bombay), Chennai (Madras), and Kolkata (Calcutta) – and built them in the British style.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Set 10 with Solutions

(iii) Rapidly extending their domination either directly or through control over the Princely States, they established their Administrative Centres, Hill Towns as Summer Resorts, and added New Civil, Administrative and Military Areas to them.

(iv) After Independence, a large number of towns have been developed as Administrative Headquarters, e.g. Chandigarh, Bhubaneswar, Gandhinagar, Dispur, etc. 5

Section-D

Question 29.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Set 10 with Solutions 2

  • Area of mixed farming
  • A major Airport of Asia
  • A Waterway
  • Industrial region
  • A major Seaport of Australia
  • Greenlands of Africa with extensive commercial grain farming
  • A major Sea Port in Canada

Answer:
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Set 10 with Solutions 3

Question 30.
On the given Political map of India, locate and label any five of the following with appropriate symbols. [5]
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Set 10 with Solutions 4

  • A Major Seaport located in Goa
  • Major Seaport located in Odisha
  • International Airport in Punjab
  • Iron Ore Mine in Karnataka
  • Cotton Textile Industry in Gujarat
  • An Iron and Steel plant
  • The International Airport in Kerala

Answer:
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Set 10 with Solutions 5