CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Set 4 with Solutions

Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography with Solutions Set 4 are designed as per the revised syllabus.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Set 4 with Solutions

Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

This Question paper has four sections: Section A, Section B, Section C and Section D 1. In Section A question number 1 to 17 are MCQ Type Questions.
In Section B question number 18-23 are Short Answer Type Questions (80-100) words. Question 18 & 19 are source based questions.
In Section C question number 24 to 28 are Long Answer based Questions (120-150) words.
In Section D question number 29 to 30 are Map based Questions having 5 sub parts.

Section-A

Question 1.
Countries with a high human development index are those which have a score of:[1]
(A) about 0.8
(B) below 0.8
(C) over 0.8
(D) not even close to 0.8
Answer:
(C) over 0.8
Explanation: Countries with higher scores on the index are said to be better developed than those with lower scores. These countries have better standards of living.

Question 2.
Which is the largest oil refinery in India? [1]
(A) Noonmati
(B) Haldia
(C) Jamangar
(D) Mathura
Answer:
(C) Jamangar
Explanation: With an aggregate capacity of 1.24 million barrels per day(bpd), the Jamnagar refinery in Gujarat is the largest oil refinery in India.

Question 3.
Which one of the following is often been described as a transport network? [1]
(A) Respiratory system
(B) Arteries of circulation
(C) Blood circulation
(D) Heart circulation
Answer:
(B) Arteries of circulation
Explanation: Solid waste refers to a variety of old and used articles. Glassware, plastic containers, polythene bags, ashes, floppies, CDs, are some examples of solid waste.

Question 4.
Glasswares, plastic containers, polythene bags, ashes, floppies, CDs, are examples of: [1]
(A) pollutants
(B) solid waste
(C) fertilizers
(D) poison
Answer:
(B) solid waste
Explanation: Solid waste refers to a variety of old and used articles. Glassware, plastic containers, polythene bags, ashes, floppies, CDs, are some examples of solid waste.

Question 5.
Consider the following statements and choose the correct option from the given options: [1]
I. Empowerment comes from increasing freedom and capability.
II. Good governance and people-oriented policies are required to empower people.
Options: .
(A) Only Statement I is correct
(B) Both the Statements I and II are correct
(C) Only Statement II is correct
(D) Both the statements are true and Statement II correctly present the reason for Statement
Answer:
(B) ‘ Both the Statements I and II are correct
Explanations: Empowerment means to have the power to make choices. Such power comes from increasing freedom and capability. Good governance and people-oriented policies are required to empower people.

Question 6.
The state of India which has the lowest percentage of the population below the poverty line: [1]
(A) Punjab
(B) Tamil Nadu
(C) Jammu & Kashmir
(D) Goa
Answer:
(C) Jammu & Kashmir
Explanation: Out of the given option, Tamil Nadu has the lowest percentage (4.89 percent) of the population below the poverty line.

Question 7.
If the population decreases between two points of time, it is known as: [1]
(A) neutral growth of population
(B) positive growth of population
(C) negative growth of population
(D) zero growth of population
Answer:
(C) negative growth of population

Question 8.
Land degradation in irrigated areas is caused by which of the following reasons? [1]
(A) Gully erosion
(B) Wind erosion
(C) Salinization of soil
(D) None of the Above
Answer:
(C) Salinization of soil

Question 9.
Which one of the following countries has officially proclaimed the Gross National Happiness (GNH) as the measure of the country’s progress? [1]
(A) Nepal
(B) Bhutan
(C) Vietnam
(D) Japan
Answer:
(B) Bhutan
Explanation: Bhutan is the only country in the world to officially proclaim Gross National Happiness (GNH) as the measure of the country’s progress. Guided by its Gross National Happiness, Bhutan has considerably improved its economic, environmental, social and governance situation in the past four decade.

Question 10.
Arrange the following period in sequential order according to Doubling Time of World Population.
Choose the correct option. [1]
(i) 1974 A.D
(ii) 2025 A.D
(iii) 10,000 B.C
(iv) 1927 A.D Options:
(A) i, iii, iv, iv
(B) iii, iv, i, ii
(C) iv, iii, iv, i
(D) iii, i, ii, iv
Answer:
(B) iii, iv, i, ii

Question 11.
Consider the following statements and choose the correct option for the same: [1]
I. Gathering is a specialised activity in which only one type of animal is reared.
II. Gathering involves primitive societies, that extract, both plants and animals to satisfy their needs for food, shelter and clothing.
(A) Only II is correct
(B) Only I is correct
(C) Both I and II are correct
(D) Both are incorrect
Answer:
(A) Only II is correct

Question 12.
Assertion (A): High-yielding varieties crops depend crucially on the availability of adequate water supply. Reason (R): Irrigation is the most important input required for the successful cultivation of HYV [1]
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
‘(D) A is false but R is true.
Answer:
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Question 13.
Assertion (A): There is no consensus on what exactly defines a village or a town.
Reason (R): Population size is an important criterion and it is a universal criterion. [1]
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false but R is true.
Answer:
(C) A is true but R is false.

Question 14.
Big Inch is a: [1]
(A) Terminal Station
(B) Railway line
(C) Pipeline
(D) Port
Answer:
(C) Pipeline
Explanation: Big Inch is one such famous pipeline, which carries petroleum from the oil wells of the Gulf of Mexico to the North-eastern States. About 17 per cent of all freight per tonne-km. is carried through pipelines in U.S.A.

Read the following extract and answer question no 15 to 17.
Rainwater harvesting has been practised through various methods by different communities in the country for a long time. Traditional rainwater harvesting in rural areas is done by using surface storage bodies, like lakes, ponds, irrigation tanks, etc. In Rajasthan, rainwater harvesting structures locally known as Kund or Tanka (a covered underground tank) are constructed near or in the house or village to store harvested rainwater. There is a wide scope to use rainwater harvesting techniques to conserve precious water resources. It can be done by harvesting rainwater on rooftops and open spaces.

Question 15.
In which one of the following States, Kund or Tanka is mainly used for rain water harvesting? [1]
(A) Rajasthan
(B) Maharashtra
(G) Andhra Pradesh
(D) Gujarat
Answer:
(A) Rajasthan

Question 16.
Traditional in rural areas is done by using surface storage bodies like lakes, ponds, irrigation tanks. [1]
(A) rain water harvesting
(B) ground water preservation
(C) watershed management
(D) storage management
Answer:
(A) rain water harvesting

Question 17.
involves prevention of runoff and storage and recharge of groundwater through various methods like percolation tanks, recharge wells, etc. [1]
(A) Watershed management
(B) Rainwater harvesting
(C) Underground preservation
(D) All the Above
Answer:
(A) Watershed management

Section-B

Question 18.
Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow: [3]
Small scale manufacturing is distinguished from household industries by its production techniques and place of manufacture (a workshop outside the home/cottage of the producer). This type of manufacturing uses local raw materials, simple power-driven machines and semi-skilled labour. It provides employment and raises local purchasing power. Therefore, countries like India, China, Indonesia and Brazil, etc. have developed labour-intensive small-scale manufacturing in order to provide employment to their population.

How are small scale industries distinguished from household industries?
On what scale the manufacturing is done in small-scale industries?
Which is the correct example of a small-scale industry?

Answer:
1. While small-scale industries produce goods with mechanised equipment employing outside labour, usually employing 10 to 50 persons, the cottage industries involve operations mostly by hand which are carried on primarily with the help of the members of the family, as a whole or part-time occupation.

2. In small-scale industries manufacturing is done on Microscale. The investment in small- scale industries is done one time on machinery, plant, and equipment, which does not exceeds ‘ 10 crores.

3. The pickle-making business does not require much investment since the demands of the business are minimal. The man power employed is not as high as large-scale industry and not much specialised skill is required. (1 + 1 + 1=3)

Question 19.
Study the map given below and answer the questions that follow: [3]

Name the railway line shown in the given map.
Which are the terminal stations of this railway line?
Name the ports located on the coast of the Spencer Gulf through which this railway line passes.

Answer:

Australian Trans-Continental Railway.
Perth and Sydney.
Port Augusta and Port Pirie. (1 + 1 + 1=3)

Question 20.
Define “Human Geography” in your own words. Mention any four fields of human geography. [3]
OR
Name some sub-fields of human geography.
Answer:
Human geography is the study of many cultural aspects found throughout the world and how they relate to the spaces and places where they originate and then travel as people continually move across various areas. Some of the main cultural phenomena studied in human geography include language, religion, different economic and governmental structures, art, music and other cultural aspects that explain how and why people function as they do in the areas in which they live. Globalization is also becoming increasingly important to the field of human geography as it is following these specific aspects of culture to easily travel across the globe.

Few fields of human geography are:
(i) Social geography: Its sub-fields are behavioural geography, the geography of social well-being, the geography of leisure, cultural geography, gender geography, historical geography and medical geography.

(ii) Urban geography: It includes the study of cities and urban processes.

(iii) Political geography: Its sub-fields are electoral geography and military geography.

(iv) Population geography: It is the study of the ways in which spatial variations in the distribution, composition, migration and growth of populations are related to the nature of the place.

(v) Settlement geography: It investigates the earth’s surface part settled by humans.

(vi) Economic geography: Its sub-fields are the geography of resources, geography of agriculture, the geography of industries, geography of marketing, the geography of tourism and the geography of international trade.

Question 21.
Why are the decades 1901-1921 referred to as a period of the stationary phase of growth of India’s population? [3]
Answer:
The period from 1901-1921 is referred to as a period of the stationary phase of growth of India’s population as:

In this period growth rate of the population was very slow, even recording a negative growth rate during 1911-1921. Both the birth rate and death rate were high keeping the rate of increase low.
Poor health and medical services were responsible for the stagnant growth rate.
Illiteracy of people at large and the inefficient distribution system of food and other basic necessities were largely responsible for the high birth and death rates during this period.

Question 22.
Describe in brief the changing nature of export items in the international trade of India. [3]
OR
Distinguish between port and harbour.
Answer:
The changing nature of export items in the international trade: India’s international trade is continuously increasing.

The share of agricultural and allied products is decreasing.
The import of petroleum products is increasing.
The exports of coffee, tea, spices is decreasing.
The share of fresh fruits and sugar has increased in exports.
The share of manufactured goods has increased in exports.
he export of engineering goods has increased.
Share of gems-pearls and ornaments in exports has increase.

Port:

It is the point on the coast where the ship can be tied up for anchoring.
It provides facilities for loading and unloading for ships.
Ports are generally artificially created.
It provides many facilities like warehouses to store cargo and well-built transportation systems. Harbours:
It is an area at the sea providing shelter to the ship.
Ships are encouraged and given protection from waves and storms.
It is usually a natural structure
It provides an adequate room for harbouring of ships.

Question 23.
‘Technology loosens the shackles of the environment on human beings. [3]
Answer:
With the passage of time, people began to understand their environment and the forces of nature. With social and cultural development, humans developed better and more efficient technology. They moved from a state of necessity to a state of freedom. They created possibilities with the resources they obtained from nature. The earlier scholars termed it as ‘possibilism’ wherein humans harnessed the opportunities provided by nature and developed technology that helped them utilize the resources and loosen the shackles of nature on humans.

Section-C

Question 24.
Large-scale dairy farming is the result of the development of transportation and refrigeration. [5]
Answer:
Dairy farming is the most advanced and efficient type of rearing of milch animals:

It is highly capital-intensive. Animal sheds, storage facilities for fodder, feeding and milching machines add to the cost of dairy farming.
Special emphasis is laid on cattle breeding, health care and veterinary services.
It is highly labour intensive as it involves rigorous care in feeding and milching. There is no off-season during the year as in the case of crop raising.
Huge market for fresh milk and dairy products. The development of transportation, refrigeration, pasteurisation and other preservation processes has increased the duration of storage of various dairy products.

(v) It is practised mainly near urban and industrial centres.

Question 25.
Why is the distribution of roads not uniform in India? Explain with examples. [5]
Answer:
(i) Nature of Terrain: The distribution of roads is not uniform in the country. Density of roads varies from only 12.14 km Jammu and Kashmir to 517.77 km in Kerala with a national average of 142.68 km. The density of roads is high in most of the northern states and major southern states. It is low in the Himalayan region, north-eastern region, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. Construction of roads is easy and cheaper in the plain areas while it is difficult and costly in hilly and plateau areas.

(ii) Density of population: The density of the population affects the demand for roads. Urban settlements having high populations usually have a high density of road network while remote rural areas usually lack such facilities, e.g, Kolkata.

(iii) The levels of economic development: Developed areas have a high demand of roads and also have money for construction and maintenance, e.g., Gujarat.

(iv) Industrial areas: Important industrial regions have a high density of road networks while remote rural areas usually lack such facilities, e.g., Kolkata.

(v) Centre of trade and commerce: Commercial towns have a high density of road networks to facilitate connectivity to markets, ports and collection centres, e.g., Mumbai.

Question 26.
Why are ports known as gateways of international trade? Explain any three characteristics of inland ports. [5]
OR
What is the role of ‘World Trade Organisations’ as an international organisation? Why has the World Trade Organisation been criticised by some countries?
Answer:
Ports export product goods to foreign countries and import goods from foreign countries for their hinterland therefore they are called gateways of international trade.

Important characteristics of the inland ports are as follows:
(i) These ports are located away from the sea coast. They are linked to the sea through a river or a canal.

(ii) Such ports are accessible to flat-bottom ships or barges.

(iii) For example, Manchester is linked with a canal; Memphis is located on the river Mississippi; the Rhine has several ports like Mannheim and Duisburg; and Kolkata is located on the river Hoogli, a branch of the river Ganga.

OR
Role of WTO (World Trade Organization):

WTO formulates the global rules of trade between countries.
WTO resolves disputes between its member nations.
WTO also covers trade in services, such as telecommunication and banking, and other issues such as intellectual rights.

Some countries criticize WTD:

Due to the effects of free trade.
It widens the gap between the rich and poor nations.
WTO also focuses on commercial interests.
WTO ignores the issues of environmental pollution, child labour, health and right of workers.

Question 27.
Write short notes on drought-prone area programmes and agro-climatic planning. How do these programmes help in the development of dryland agriculture in India? [5]
Answer:
This programme was initiated during the Fourth Five Year Plan with the objectives of providing employment to the people in drought-prone areas and creating productive assets.
(i) Initially this programme laid emphasis on the construction of labour-intensive civil works. But later on, it emphasised irrigation projects, land development programmes, afforestation, grassland development and the creation of basic rural infrastructures such as electricity, roads, market, credit and services.

(ii) National Committee on Development of Backward Areas, reviewed the performance of this programme. It has been observed that this programme is largely confined to the development of agriculture and allied sectors with a major focus on the restoration of ecological balance.

(iii) Since, growing population pressure is forcing society to utilise the marginal lands for agriculture, and, thereby causing ecological degradation, there is a need to create alternative employment opportunities in drought-prone areas.

(iv) The other strategies of the development of these areas include the adoption of an integrated watershed development approach at the micro¬level. The restoration of ecological balance between water, soil, plants, human and animal population should be a basic consideration in the strategy of development of the drought-prone area.

(v) Broadly, the drought-prone area in India is spread over a semi-arid and arid tract of Rajasthan, Gujarat, western Madhya Pradesh, Marathwada region of Maharashtra, Rayalseema and Telangana plateaus of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka plateau and highlands and interior parts of Tamil Nadu. The drought-prone areas of Punjab, Haryana and northern Rajasthan are largely protected due to the spread of irrigation in these regions.

Question 28.
Explain the importance of food grains in the Indian agricultural economy. Describe any three characteristics of rice cultivation. [5]
OR
What are the geographical requirements and areas of production of tea and coffee?
Answer:
The importance of foodgrains:

Foodgrain crops occupy about two-thirds of the total cropped area in the country.
Foodgrains are dominant crops in all parts of the country.
Food grains are classified as cereals and pulses.
Cereals include rice, wheat, jawar, bajra, maize and ragi.
India accounts for about one-fifth of the total production of pulses in the world.
Gram and tur are the main pulses cultivated in India.

Characteristics of rice cultivation:

Rice is a staple food for the majority of the population in India.
It is considered to be a crop of tropical humid areas.
It has about 3, 000 varieties which are grown in different agro-climatic regions.
In West Bengal, farmers grow these crops of rice called ‘aus’,’aman’ and ‘boro’.
India contributes 22 per cent of rice production in the world.
India is the second largest rice producer in the world.

OR
Geographical requirements and areas of production:
Tea:

It is grown over the undulating topography of hilly areas.
It requires well-drained soil.
It grows in humid and sub-humid tropics and sub-tropics.

Regions:
Brahmaputra Valley of Assam, Sub Himalayan region of West Bengal (Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri and Cooch Behar districts), the lower slopes of Nilgiri and Cardamom Hills in the Western Ghats.

Coffee:

It requires a tropical climate.
It is grown on undulating highlands.

Regions: Highlands of the Western Ghats in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

Section-D

Question 29.
On the given Political map of the world, the following Seven features are shown. Identify any five of these features and write their correct names on the lines marked near each feature.[5]