CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Set 8 with Solutions

Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography with Solutions Set 8 are designed as per the revised syllabus.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Set 8 with Solutions

Time Allowed : 3 hours
Maximum Marks : 70

General Instructions:

1. This Question paper has four sections : Section A, Section B, Section C and Section D
2. In Section A question number 1 to 17 are MCQ Type Questions.
3. In Section B question number 18-23 are Short Answer Type Questions (80-100) words. Question 18 & 19 are source based questions.
4. In Section C question number 24 to 28 are Long Answer based Questions (12D-150) words.
5. In Section D question number 29 to 30 are Map based Questions having 5 sub parts.

Section-A

Question 1.
Which of the following school of thoughts is related to the different aspects of social well-being of the people? [1]
(A) Behaviouralistic
(B) Humanistic
(C) Radical
(D) Utopian
Answer:
(B) Humanistic
Explanation: The welfare or humanistic school of thought in human geography was mainly concerned with the different aspects of social well-being of the people. These included aspects such as housing, health and education.

Question 2.
Which of the following Pairs is matched correctly. [1]

Field of Human Geography	Sub-field
(A) Social geography	Military geography
(B) Political geography	Rural Planning
(C) Economic geography	Marketing geography
(D) Settlement geography	Gender geography

Answer:

Marketing geography

Question 3.
Which agency brings out the human development report? [1]
(A) United Nations Development programme
(B) World Bank
(C) United Nations Human Rights Commissioner
(D) None of these
Answer:
(B) World Bank
Explanation: The Human Development Report is brought by the United Nations Development Programme.

Question 4.
Which one of the following countries comes under ‘Medium level of Human Development’? [1]
(A) Norway
(B) Canada
(C) India
(D) Singapore
Answer:
(C) India
Explanation: India’s HDI value for 2019 was 0.645 which put it in the medium human development category. India has been positioned at 131 out of 189 countries and territories.

Question 5.
Aircraft and arms industry have a: [1]
(A) local market
(B) defence market
(C) global market
(D) rural market
Answer:
(C) global market
Explanation: The arms industry, is a global industry that manufactures and sells weapons and military technology, and is a major component of the military-industrial complex. Similarly, aircraft industry provides the only rapid worldwide transportation network, which makes it essential for global business. It generates economic growth, creates jobs, and facilitates international trade and tourism.

Question 6.
Which one is the example of tertiary activity? [1]
(A) Transport
(B) Agriculture
(C) Dairy
(D) Iron and steel industry
Answer:
(A) Transport
Explanation: Transport involves connections between businesses and their suppliers, between businesses and other businesses, and between businesses and their markets. For the household sector, transport provides people with access to workplaces, schools and shops.

Question 7.
Which of the following is incorrectly matched? [1]

Class	Population Size
(A) I	1,(X,OOO and more
(B) II	60,0000 – 99,999
(C) III	20,000 – 49,999
(D) IV	10,000- 19,999

Answer:

(B) II

60,0000 – 99,999

Explanation:
Class I – 1,00,000 and more
Class II – 50,000 to 99,999
Class III – 20,000 to 49,999
Class IV -10,000 to 19,999

Question 8.
Identify the correct order of location from West Bengal to Tamil Nadu, for the Oil Refineries of India. [1]
(A) Paradip, Haldia, Vishakhapatnam, Chennai
(B) Chennai, Paradip, Vishakhapatnam, Haldia
(C) Haldia, Paradip, Vishakhapatnam, Chennai
(D) Chennai, Vishakhapatnam, Paradip, Haldia
Answer:
(C) Haldia, Paradip, Vishakhapatnam, Chennai

Explanation:
The port of Haldia is in West Bengal, Paradip in Orissa, Vishakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh and Chennai in Tamil Nadu

Question 9.
Most of the metallic minerals in India occur in the: [1]
(A) peninsular plateau region
(B) Northern Plains
(C) Himalayan Ranges
(D) Deccan range
Answer:
(A) peninsular plateau region

Explanation:
Most of the metallic minerals in India occur in the peninsular plateau region in the old crystalline rocks. Over 97 percent of coal reserves occur in the valleys of Damodar, Sone, Mahanadi and Godavari.

Question 10.
Leather, pulp and paper, textiles and chemical industries are the major : [1]
(A) acid rain-producing industries
(B) water polluting industries
(C) pesticides producing industries
(D) Toxin-polluting industries
Answer:
(B) water polluting industries

Explanation:
They are industries that discharge more than 1,00,000 litres of wastewater and/or hazardous chemicals into the rivers.

Question 11.
Arrange the four stages of demographic transition in the correct order:? [1]
(i) Pre-industrial stage
(ii) Urbanizing/industrializing
(iii) Mature industrial
(iv) Post-industrial
Options:
(A) (i),(ii),(iii),(iv)
(B) (iv),(ii),(iii),(i)
(C) (iii),(iv),(i),(ii)
(D) (ii),(i),(iii),(iv)
Answer:
(A) (i),(ii),(iii),(iv)

Question 12.
Consider the following statements and choose the correct option from the given options: [1]
I. Towns flourished since prehistoric times in India
II. The first foreign trading port in India was established by the British in Goa.
Options:
(A) Only Statement I is correct
(B) Both the statements are true and Statement II correctly presents the reason for Statement I
(C) Only Statement II is correct
(D) Both Statements I and II are incorrect
Answer:
(A) Only Statement I is correct

Question 13.
Assertion : There is a strong relationship between raw material and type of Industry.
Reason : In modern times industries have become very important part of an economy.
Options:
(A) Only Assertion is correct.
(B) Only Reason is correct.
(C) Both statements are correct Statement II correctly explains Statement I.
(D) Both are correct but not related to each other.
Answer:
(D) Both are correct but not related to each other.

Question 14.
Assertion : India Fared Serious Food Shortage during 1920 s and 1930s.
Reason : The major item of import at that time was foodgrain, capital goods, machinery and equipment.
Options:
(A) Only Assertion is correct.
(B) Only Reason is correct.
(C) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
(D) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
Answer:
(B) Only Reason is correct.

Explanation:
India faced serious food during 1950s and 1960s.

Read the case study given below and answer the questions no. 15 to 17 that follow:
Land, according to its ownership, can broadly be classified under two broad heads-private land and common
property resources (CPRs). While the former is owned by an individual or a group of individuals, the Latter is owned by the state meant for the use of the community. CrRs provide fodder for the livestock and fuel for the households along with other minor forest products like fruits, nuts, fibre, medicinal plants, etc.

In rural areas, such land is of particular relevance for the livelihood of the landless and marginal farmers and other weaker sections since many of them depend on income from their livestock due to the fact that they have limited access to land. CPRs also are important for women as most of the fodder and fuel collection is done by them in rural areas. They have to devote long hours in collecting fuel and fodder from a degraded area of CPR.

Question 15.
Land can broadly be classified into:
(A) Private and government
(B) Private and CPRs
(C) Government and CPRs
(D) None of these
Answer:
(B) Private and CPRs

Question 16.
Common property Resources provide:
(A) Fodder
(B) Fuel
(C) Forest products
(D) All of these
Answer:
(D) All of these

Question 17.
Who is/are dependent on the CPRs?
(A) Landless farmers
(B) Marginal farmers
(C) Other weaker sections
(D) All of these
Answer:
(D) All of these

Section-B

Question 18.
Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Drought Prone Area Programme was initiated during the Fourth Five ‘Year Plan with the objectIves of providing employment to the people in drought-prone areas and creating productive asseLs. Initially, this programme laid eniphasis on the construction of labour-intensive civil works. But later on, it emphasised on irrigation projects, land development programmes, afforestation. grassland development and creation of basic rural infrastructure, such as electricity, roads, market, credit and services.

The National Co’rnmittee on Development of backward Areas reviewed the performance of this programme. It
has been observed that this program is largely confined to the development of agriculture and allied sectors with a major focus on the restoration of ecological balance. Since growing population pressure is forcing society to utilise the marginal lands for agriculture, and, thereby causing ecological degradation.

there is a need to create alternative employment opportunities in drought-prone areas. The other strategies of the development of these . areas include the adoption of integrated watershed development approach at the micro-level. The restoration of ecological balance between water, soil, plants, and human and animai population should be a basic consideration in the strategy of development of drought-prone areas.

Who launched the Drought Prone Area Programme?
What was the objective of this program?
Which is the other strategy of development that has been inculcated in these areas?

Answer:
(1) DPAP was the earliest area development program launched by the Central Government

(2) The basic objective of the program was to minimize the adverse effects of drought on the production of crops and livestock and the productivity of land, water and human resources ultimately leading to drought-proofing of the affected areas.

(3) Integrated watershed development approach.

Question 19.
Study the given graph carefully and answer the following questions: [3]
(I) Which class of towns constitutes the minimum share in the distribution of urban population?
(A) Il
(B) III
(C) IV
(D) VI
Answer:
(D) VI

(ii) Which two classes of towns are likely to have a similar distribution of urban population?
(A) I and III ‘
(B) II and III
(C) I and IV
(D) III and V
Answer:
(B) II and III

(iii) If Class I towns have a population size of 1,00,000 and more and Class III towns have a population size of 20,000 to 49,999, which of these is most likely to be the population size of Class V towns?
(A) 2,00,000 and more
(B) 75,000 to 99,999
(C) 50,000 to 74,999
(D) 5,000 to 9,999
Answer:
(D) 5,000 to 9,999

Question 20.
Discuss in detail the alternative view of development given by Dr. Mahbub-ul-Haq and Prof. Amartya Sen. [3]
Answer:
For many decades a country’s level of development was measured only in terms of its economic growth. The ideas that the quality of life people enjoy in a country, the opportunities they have and the freedom they enjoy are important aspects of development now and the works of Mahbub-ul-Haq and Amartya Sen are important in this regard.

According to Haq, development is people’s choice in order to lead long and healthy lives with dignity. The basic goal of development is to create conditions where people can live meaningful lives.
Prof. Amartya Sen saw an increase in freedom or a decrease in freedom as the main objective of development.
The works of these economists are path-breaking and have succeeded in bringing people to the centre of any discussion on development (1×3=3)

Question 21.
Why Mediterranean agriculture is considered as one of the best and most profitable type of agriculture? [3]
Answer:
Mediterranean agriculture is considered as one of the best and most profitable type of agriculture because:

It is highly specialized commercial agriculture.
Viticulture is highly specialized commercial agriculture.
Best quality wines in the world with distinctive flavors are produced from high-quality grapes. Inferior grapes are dried into raisins and currents.
Olives and figs are produced in this region.
More valuable crops such as fruits and vegetables are grown in winter when there is a great demand in European and North American markets. (Any three) (1×3=3)

Question 22.
Outsourcing is providing lots of jobs in developing countries. Discuss. [3]
OR
What do you know about the Silk Route?
Answer:
Outsourcing has resulted in the opening up of a large number of call centers in India, China, Thailand, Israel, the Philippines, etc. Outsourcing is coming to those countries where cheap and skilled workers are available.
Developing countries have a lot of IT-skilled staff with good communication skills and are available at lower wages than those in developed countries. 3
OR
The Silk Route is an early example of long-distance trade connecting Rome to China-along 6000 km route, arid the trade transported Chinese silk, Roman wool and precious metals and many other high-value commodities from intermediate points in India, Persia and Central Asia. The route included a group of trading posts and markets that were used to help in the rough, transport and exchange of goods. 3

Question 23.
Write a short note on the cultivation of sugarcane. [3]
Answer:

Sugarcane is a crop of tropical areas.
Under rainfed conditions, it is cultivated in sub-humid and humid climates. But it is largely an irrigated crop in India.
In the Indo-Gangetic plain, its cultivation is largely concentrated in Uttar Pradesh. Sugarcane growing area in western India is spread over Maharashtra and Gujarat.
Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh are other leading producers of this crop where yield level of sugarcane is high. Its yield is low in northern India. (Any three)
(1×3 = 3)

Section-C

Question 24.
Define the term ‘tourism’. Explain any four factors that attract tourists in the world. [5]
Answer:
Tourism is travel undertaken for purpose of recreation rather than business. It has become the world’s single largest tertiary activity with total registered jobs (250 million) and total revenue (40 per cent of the total GDP). Tourism fosters the growth of infrastructure industries, retail trading and craft industries (souvenirs). In some regions, tourism is seasonal because the vacation period is dependent on favourable weather conditions, but many regions attract visitors all round the year.

Factors that attract tourists to a particular place:
(i) Transport:
The opening-up of tourist areas has been aided by improvement in transport facilities. Travel is easier by car, with better road systems. More significant in recent years has been the expansion in air transport.

(ii) Climate:
Most people from colder regions expect to have warm, sunny weather for beach holidays. This is one of the main reasons for the importance of tourism in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean lands. The Mediterranean climate offers almost consistently higher temperatures, than in other parts of Europe, long hours of sunshine and low rainfall throughout the peak holiday season.

(iii) History and Art:
The history and art of an area have potential attractiveness. People visit ancient or picturesque towns and archaeological sites and enjoy exploring castles, palaces and churches.

(iv) Landscape:
Many people like to spend their holidays in an attractive environment, which often means mountains, lakes, spectacular sea coasts and landscapes not completely altered by man.(1+4=5)

Question 25.
Classify mining methods on the basis of mode of occurrence and the nature of the ore into two categories. How are they different from each other? Explain with examples. [5]
Answer:
Classification of mining:

Surface Mining
Underground Mining

Differences:

Surface mining is known as open-cast mining, whereas underground mining is known as shaft method.
Surface mining is the cheapest way of mining, contrary to underground mining, which is expensive.
The former occurs close to the surface, whereas, in the latter method, vertical shafts have to be sunk, from where underground galleries radiate to reach the minerals.
Overhead costs for equipment are relatively low in open-cast, but for underground mining the equipment such as lifts, drills, etc. used are expensive.
Open-cast mining is less risky than underground mining which has more possibility of people becoming victim of poisonous gases, fire, floods, etc.
(Any four points of difference to be explained) (CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017) 1 + 4 = 5

Question 26.
“The size of the territory and per capita income are not directly related to human development”. Explain. [5]
OR
What are the modes by which cyberspace will expand the contemporary economic and social space of humans?
Answer:
The size of the territory and per capita income are not directly related to human development:
Often smaller countries have done better than larger ones in human development. Similarly, relatively goorer nations have been ranked higher than richer neighbours in terms of human development. For example, Sri Lanka, Trinidad and Tobago have a higher rank than India in the human development index despite having smaller economies. Similarly, within India, Kerala performs much better than Punjab and Gujarat in human development despite having lower per capita income. (CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017)
OR
Cyber Space is very important in today’s life. It enables us to communicate or access any information without physical movement of the sender and the receiver. It has brought the world closer to each other. One can now communicate with any person in any part of the world. It can be used in an office, sailing boat, flying plane and virtually everywhere. Cyber space has expanded the contemporary economic and social space of humans through e-mail, e-commerce, e-leaming and e-governance. It will be accessible to more and more people cutting across space and time under these circumstances. These modern communication systems have made the concept of ‘Global Village’ a reality.

Question 27.
Why is the area under pastures decreasing in India? How do the changes in the economy effect the changes in land use? Explain. [5]
Answer:
The area under pastures is decreasing in India due to the pressure from agricultural land and illegal encroachment due to expansion of cultivation on common pasture land.

Changes in economy effect the change in land use:
(i) Size of economy: Growth of the economy over the period of time result in increasing population, change in income levels, available technology and associated factors. As a result, the pressure on land will increase and marginal lands will come under use.

(ii) Composition of economy: The secondary and the tertiary sectors are growing much faster than the primary sector, specifically the agricultural sector. This type of change is common in developing countries like India. This process would result in gradual shift of land from agricultural uses to non- agricultural uses.

(iii) Declining contribution of agriculture: The contribution of the agricultural activities reduces over time. In developing countries, the share of population dependent on agriculture declined slowly as compared to the decline in the sector’s share in GDP. The number of people that the agricultural sector had to feed is increasing day by day. (CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015) 5

Question 28.
Write a detailed note on the petroleum resources of India. [5]
OR
What do you know about Target Area Planning.
Answer:
Crude petroleum consists of hydrocarbons of liquid and gaseous states varying in chemical composition, colour and specific gravity. Crude petroleum occurs in sedimentary rocks of the tertiary period.

Petroleum resources of India:
(i) Till 1956, Digboi in Assam was the only oil-producing region in India, but the scenario has changed after 1956.
(ii) In recent years, new deposits have been found at the extreme western and eastern parts of the country. In Assam, Digboi, Naharkatiya and Moran are important oil-producing areas.
(iii) The major oilfields of Gujarat are Ankleshwar, Kalol, Mehsana, Nawagam, Kosamba and Lunej.
(iv) Mumbai High which lies 160 km off Mumbai was
discovered in 1973 and production commenced in 1976.
discovered in 1973 and production commenced in 1976.
discovered in 1973 and production commenced in 1976.
discovered in 1973 and production commenced in 1976.
(v) Oil and natural gas have been found in exploratory wells in Krishna, Godavari and Kaveri basin on the East coast. (1×5=5)
OR
The planning process has to take special care of those areas which have remained economically backward.

The economic development of a region depends upon its resource base. But sometimes resource-rich region also remains backward.
economic development also requires technology as well as investment besides resource.
With the planning experience of about one and half decades, it was realized that regional imbalances in economic development were getting accentuated.
In order to arrest the accentuation of regional and social disparities, Planning Commission introduced the ‘target area’ and ‘target group’ approaches to planning.
In the 8th Five Year Plan special area programs were designed to develop infrastructure in hill areas, north-eastern states, tribal areas and backward areas.

Section-D

Question 29.
On the given Political map of the world, the following Seven features are shown. Identify any five of these features and write their correct names on the lines marked near each feature. [5]