Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education with Solutions Set 4 are designed as per the revised syllabus.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education Set 4 with Solutions
Time Allowed: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 70
General Instructions:
The question paper consists of 5 sections and 37 Questions.
- Section A consists of Questions 1-18 carrying 1 mark each and is multiple choice questions. All questions are compulsory.
- Section B consists of Questions 19-24 carrying 2 marks each and are very short answer types and should not exceed 60-90 words. Attempt any 5.
- Section C consists of Questions 25-30 carrying 3 marks each and are short answer types and should not exceed 100-150 words. Attempt any 5.
- Section D consists of Questions 31-33 carrying 4 marks each and are case studies. There is internal choice available.
- Section E consists of Questions 34-37 carrying 5 marks each and are short answer types and should not exceed 200-300 words. Attempt any 3.
Section – A (18 marks)
Question 1.
A person having traits of both introvert and extrovert is known as? [1]
(a) Mesomorph
(b) Extroversion
(c) Ambiverts
(d) Endomorph
Answer:
(c) Ambiverts
Explanation: An ambivert has the charisma and assertiveness of an extrovert and shares the thoughtfulness and listening skills of an introvert. Mesomorph is muscular body and endomorph is heavy and bulky body types given by Sheldon.
Question 2.
The tendency to be talkative, socialable and to enjoy other’s moments or the tendency to have a dominant style is a/an: [1]
(a) Openness
(b) Neuroticism
(c) Agreeableness
(d) Extroversion
Answer:
(d) Extroversion
Explanation: An extroversion person is someone very social, warm, active, assertive, excitement seeking and positively emotional.
Question 3.
Back Scratch is a test for: [1]
(a) Lower body flexibility
(b) Upper body strength
(c) Upper body flexibility
(d) Lower body strength
Answer:
(c) Upper body flexibility
Explanation: Also known as the reach test or the Apley back scratch test, it is used to assess the range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder, including flexion and extension. The goal of the shoulder flexibility test is to prevent hyper-extension of the joint.
Question 4.
Which of the following asana should be performed for curing obesity? [1]
(a) Trikonasana
(b) Bhujangasana
(c) Pawanmuktasana
(d) Tadasana
Answer:
(a) Trikonasana
Explanation: Obesity is a medical condition where a person carries excess body fat that might affect their health adversely. With the elp of this asana, the efficiency of digestive organs increases, our spine gets more flexible, thus helping in losing extra fat and curing obesity.
Question 5.
Given below are the two statements labeled Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Ectomorphs are individuals with short arms and legs
Reason (R): Emotional. stability is an essential part of an individual’s personality. [1]
In the context of the above two statements, which one of the following is correct?
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
Answer:
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Explanation: Ectomorphs are individuals with rounded and soft bodies.
Question 6.
League-cum-knock .out is a part of which tournament? [1]
(a) Knock-out
(b) Round robin
(c) Combination
(d) Consolation
Answer:
(c) Combination
Explanation: A tournament conducted for different groups or zones with the combination of minimum two types of tournaments is known as combination tournament In this type, the initial round of tournament is played on one basis (either knockout or league) and the rest of the tournament is played on the other basis.
Question 7.
Which of these are types of isotonic contraction? [1]
(a) Elasticity and extensibility
(b) Concentric and eccentric
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Concentric and eccentric
Explanation: Isotonic contractions maintain constant tension in the muscle as the muscle changes length. This can occur only when a muscle s maximal force of contraction exceeds the total load on the muscle. Isotonic muscle contractions can be either concentric (muscle shortens) or eccentric (muscle lengthens). Elasticity and extensibility are the properties of muscle tissue.
Question 8.
Greenstick fracture occurs most of ten during: [1]
(a) Infancy and childhood
(b) Adolescence and adulthood
(c) Middle and old age
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Infancy and childhood
Explanation: Mostly, greenstick fractures occur in children younger than 10 years of age because their bones are softer and more flexible than the bones of adults. In this fracture, the bone bends and cracks, instead of breaking completely into separate pieces.
Question 9.
What is the formula to determine the number of matches in league fixture for even number of teams? [1]
(a) \(N+\frac{2}{2}\)
(b) \(N-\frac{1}{2}\)
(c) \(N \frac{(N-1)}{2}\)
(d) \(\mathrm{N} \frac{(\mathrm{N}+1)}{2}\)
Answer:
(c) \(N \frac{(N-1)}{2}\)
Explanation: To determine the number of games for a single round robin tournament, use the following formula, \(N \frac{(N-1)}{2}\). With a tournament of 6 teams, the calculation would be \(6 \frac{(6-1)}{2}=\frac{6 \times 5}{2}=\frac{30}{2}\) = 15 games.
Question 10.
Match list I with list II and select the correct option from the codes given below: [1]
| List I | List II | ||
| (I) | Circuit training | (1) | Winter Bottom |
| (II) | Fartlek training | (2) | Dr. Reindell and Greschler |
| (III) | Interval training | (3) | Gosta Halmar |
| (IV) | Pressure training | (4) | Morgan and Anderson |
Codes: I II III IV
(a) 3 4 1 2
(b) 4 3 2 1
(c) 2 1 4 3
(d) 1 2 3 4
Answer:
(b) (I) (4), (II) (3). (III) (2), (IV) (1)
Question 11.
Hunchback is also known as: [1]
(a) sway back
(b) round back
(c) scoliosis
(d) none of these
Answer:
(b) Round back
Explanation: Round back or kyphosis, also known as hunchback, is a condition in which the spine in the upper back has an excessive curvature.
Question 12.
Fine motor development is involved in: [1]
(a) sitting
(b) walking
(c) standing
(d) catching a ball
Answer:
(d) Catching a ball
Explanation: Fine motor skills are involved in smaller movements that occur in the wrists, hands, fingers, feet and toes. They involve smaller actions such as picking up objects between the thumb and finger, writing carefully, and even blinking. Sitting, walking and standing are gross motor development.
Question 13.
Which of the following is not a spinal curvature deformity? [1]
(a) Kyphosis
(b) Scoliosis
(c) Lordosis
(d) Flat foot
Answer:
(d) Flat foot
Explanation: Spinal deformity is an abnormal alignment or curve of the bony vertebral column, whereas flat foot is a postural deformity in which the arches of the foot collapse.
Question 14.
What is the height of the box used by boys in Harvard step test? [1]
(a) 16 inch
(b) 18 inch
(c) 20 inch
(d) 22 inch
Answer:
(c) 20 inch
Explanation: The person who is talking the test has to do steps up and down on a platform in a cycle of two seconds. The height of the platform is about 50 cm or 20 inches (usually 16 inches for women).
Question 15.
Match the following: [1]
| List I (BMI) | List II (Weight Status) | ||
| (A) | Below 18.5 | (i) | Obese |
| (B) | 18.5 – 24.9 | (ii) | Overweight |
| (C) | 25.0- 29.9 | (iii) | Underweight |
| (D) | 20.0 and above | (iv) | Normal |
Codes: (A) (B) (C) (D)
(a) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
(b) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)
(c) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii)
(d) (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)
Answer:
(b) (iii), (iv), (ii), (i).
Question 16.
The ability to react effectively to a signal is called: [1]
(a) Adaption ability
(b) Reaction ability
(c) Coupling ability
(d) Orientation ability
Answer:
(b) Reaction ability
Explanation: Reaction time or response time refers to the amount of time that is taken between when we perceive something and when we respond to it. It is the ability to detect, process, and respond to a stimulus. Adaption ability of a person refers to the change in. his/her actions, course or approach to doing things in order to suit a new situation.
Coupling ability of a player means to move his/her physical organs in order to do his/her activities. Orientation is the ability that allows awareness of oneself and one’s surroundings at all times.
Question 17.
‘Every action has an equal and opposite reaction’ is called: [1]
(a) Newton’s first law of motion
(b) Newton’s third law of motion
(c) Newton’s second law of motion
(d) All the above
Answer:
(b) Newton’s third law of motion
Explanation: The third law states that for every action (force) in nature, there is an equal and opposite reaction. In other words, if object A exerts force on object B, then object B also exerts an equal and opposite force on object A. The first law states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a. straight line unless acted upon by an external force.
Question 18.
The ability to determine and change the position and movements of the body in time and space in relation to a definite field of action is: [1]
(a) Coupling ability
(b) Differentiation ability
(c) Orientation ability
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) Orientation ability
Explanation: Coupling is the ability of a player to move his/her physical organs in order to do his/her activities. Ex: coordination between hands and eyes whereas differentiation is the ability to determine the position of the body and its parts in time and space in relation to gravity, object.
Orientation is the ability of a person to adjust himself/herself as per the time and condition of the place.
Section – B (10 marks)
Question 19.
Explain any three types of coordinative abilities. [2]
Answer:
Coordination is the ability to repeatedly execute a sequence of movement smoothly and accurately. Coordinative abilities primarily depend upon the central nervous system.
There are various types of coordinative abilities:
- Adaptive ability: The capacity of person to change the movement on the basis of predicted changes. This ability is achieved after mastering the skills.
- Reaction ability: The ability to respond quickly to a given stimulus and execute well-directed action following a signal Ex. gunshot in 10 m, chaser in kho-kho, etc.
- Orientation ability: The skill of determining and changing the position of the body in a complex situation. This helps in moving of the body with accuracy. Ex. defending an opponent in basketball; the position is changed according to the movement of the opponent.
Question 20.
What do you mean by ASD? What are its causes? [2]
Answer:
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): It is a complex neurobiological development disorder that is typically diagnosed in children before the age of three. It is distinguished by their difficulties with social interactions, delays in verbal and non-verbal communication and patterns of a typical behaviour such as repetitive or stereotypical movement.
It also includes symptoms that hurt the individual’s ability to function socially, at school or work or other areas of life. Some people are mildly impaired by their symptoms, while others are severely disabled. Treatments and services can improve a person’s symptoms and ability to function.
Causes of ASD:
Biological Problems: Autism spectrum disorder may develop during various biological problems such as Rubella in pregnant mother, Fragile X Syndrome, Encephalitis etc.
Environmental toxins: Other potential causes of autism are environmental toxins, including pesticides and heavy metals such as mercury.
Genetical: Autism spectrum disorder is genetic in nature. An autistic child has mild social impairments.
Question 21.
Mention any three significances of Biomechanics in sports. [2]
Answer:
Biomechanics plays a significant role in the field of physical education. With the help of this, sports person can achieve their goals easily. Let us understand the importance of biomechanics:
(1) Improves performance in sports persons: The major goal of biomechanics is to improve performance of sports person in given sport or physical exercise. For example, the correct biomechanics of running allows athletes to carry out regular physical exercise for long enough periods of time without being seriously limited by injuries and their consequences.
(2) Enhances the techniques: In many sporting events, technique is the major factor of performance. Sports technique is a physical action of an athlete which leads to the best possible execution of physical motion in conformity with a required task at a given sporting event. Improvement of technique with the help of biomechanics can be used by teachers and coaches to correct motion of athletes.
(3) Helps to develop betters sports equipment: Advanced sports equipment give advantage to both elite and recreational athletes. For example, an introduction of the new vaulting equipment (vaulting table) after the 2000 Olympics represents the most substantial transition in the development of gymnastics equipment in the last decades. New vaulting equipment allows gymnasts to produce bigger angular momentum and thus to execute more complex vaults with multiple rotations around horizontal and vertical axes. Hence, biomechanics helps in to develop better and high-quality sports equipment.
Question 22.
Briefly explain the two types of aggression. [2]
Answer:
In sports, the term aggression refers to a range of behaviors that can result in both physical and psychological harm to yourself others, or objects in the environment This type of behavior centers on harming another person either physically or mentally. For example, pushing another player over a game in football or using abusive language for other players or teams.
There are two types of aggression in sports:
(1) Instrumental aggression: It is a type of aggression in which behavior is directed at the target as a means to an end. For example, injuring a player to gain a competitive advantage or stopping an opponent from scoring.
(2) Hostile aggression: It is a type of aggression in which behavior is aimed towards another person who has angered or provoked the individual and is an end in itself. For example, hitting an opponent who has just been aggressive against the player. It is generally preceded by anger.
Question 23.
What are the types of disability? Explain briefly. [2]
Answer:
Types of disability are:
(1) Cognitive disability: It generally refers to anyone with lower than average intellectual functioning. A person who has a cognitive disability has trouble in performing mental tasks that an average person would be able to do.
(2) Intellectual disability: It is a disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning (learning, problem-solving or judgment) and in adaptive behavior (communication). This disability originate before the age of 18.
(3) Physical disability: It is a long-term loss or impairment of part of the body’s physical functions. It can involve difficulties in mobility, sitting, standing, use of arms and hands, sight, speech, etc.
Question 24.
Explain the physical activities that can be undertaken to correct flat foot deformity. [2]
Answer:
Flat feet (also called fallen arches) is a postural deformity in which the arches of the foot collapse, with the entire sole of the foot coming into complete or near-complete contact with the ground.
Corrective exercises for flatfoot deformity:
- Jumping/walking on toes: In this, you have to jump/walk on your toes. It is a pattern where an individual jumps/walks on the balls of their feet instead of with their heels touching the ground.
- Use good quality of shoes: Wear shoes which have proper arch support Avoid wearing high heels.
- Standing on toes or heels: Standing on toes is also a very good exercise for flat foot as when you stand on toes or heels its stretches your tendons in ankles and feet. While doing this exercise keep surface smooth and your body balanced.
Section – C (15 marks)
Question 25.
What are the different sources of fats? Describe the various functions of fats. [3]
Answer:
Fat is one of the essential parts of our diet It is helpful in absorbing fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamins K, A, D, E. Fat also supplies energy to the body. Sources of fat We can get fat from two types of sources animal products and plant products. Animal products include meat, egg, fish, milk, ghee, butter and curd, whereas plant products include dry fruits, coconut soyabean, food grains, mustard oil, cotton seeds, etc.
Functions of fat:
(1) It provides heat and energy to the body.
(2) It helps in regulation of body temperature.
(3) Protects us from the external effects of hot and cold temperature.
(4) Boosts brain functioning.
Question 26.
Discuss the various types of tournaments. [3]
Answer:
Various types of tournaments are:
Knock-out tournament: In this type of tournament, a team once defeated gets eliminated. Only the winners continue in the competition. It is a fast method to know about the winner team in the tournament.
Types:
(1) Single knock-out
(2) Consolation Tournament Type I
(3) Consolation Tournament Type II
(4) Double knock-out
League or round Robin Tournament: League tournament is also called round robin tournament In league tournament all the teams are treated at par. One team has to play with all other teams irrespective of victory or defeat.
Types:
(1) Single league
(2) Double league.
Combination tournament Combination tournaments are conducted when the matches are to be played on group basis or zonal basis.
Types:
(1) Knock-out cum knock-out tournament
(2) Knock-out cum league tournament
(3) League cum knock-out tournament
(4) League cum league tournament
Challenge tournament In this type of tournament there are one to one contest or there are two players on each side. One player challenges the other and the other player accepts the challenge. Games in which such tournaments are held are Boxing, Tennis, Table Tennis, Badminton etc.
Types:
(1) Ladder tournament
(2) Pyramid tournament
(3) Cobweb tournament.
Question 27.
What are the dimensions of personality? [3]
Answer:
Personality is an individual’s unique and relatively unchanging psychological characteristics and behavior patterns. In other words, personality refers to the consistency in who you are, have been, and will become. It also refers to the special blend of talents, attitudes, values, hopes, loves, hates, and habits that makes each of us a unique person.
Dimension of Personality:
(1) Physical dimension: It is based on the fact that the first impression is the last impression. In fact, physical dimension is related to good appearance, good physique, good. health, and good height of an individual. It is the first impression of an individual personality, his body and intellectual abilities.
(2) Mental dimension: If an individual has good mental ability then only his/her personality will be counted as good personality; ex. there are many intellectual persons whose personality is counted as good personality, although they may not have good physiques but they have extraordinary mental and intellectual qualities.
(3) Social dimension: A good personality is sociable and socialising. Social qualities like character, morality, etiquette, manners, work ethics, friendliness, good attitude, helpful nature, cooperation, sympathy and kindness, etc. are qualities or traits which are essential for sound personality.
(4) Emotional dimension: Emotional dimension is related to emotional stability. To have emotional stability is an essential aspect of one’s personality. It means that one must have proper control over various emotions such as fear, anger disgust, distress, amusement, happiness, etc. in different situations. For example, many sportsmen who do not have emotional control over their personality will not be counted as a good personality, although they have good physical, mental and social base.
Question 28.
Discuss about the measurement of flexibility and Muscular endurance test. [3]
Answer:
(1) Sit and reach test for Flexibility:
Aim: To measure flexibility of lower back and hamstrings.
Equipment required: Box, Metre, Ruler, tape, Mat
Procedure:
Remove shoes and sit on the floor with knees fully extended, feet shoulder-width apart and soles of the feet held flat against the end of the box. With hands on top of each other, palms down, and legs held flat, the student reaches along the measuring line as far as possible. After three practice reaches, the fourth reach is held while the distance is recorded. The purpose is to reach as forward as possible.
Scoring: The distance is recorded in centimeters.
(2) Partial curl up for Muscular endurance:
Aim: To measure abdominal strength and endurance.
Equipment required: Flat surface, Mat
Procedure:
Lie on the back with knees bent and the feet at about 12 inches from the buttocks. The arms are extended and kept at side. The student slowly lifts the shoulder and truck upwards to around 30 degrees and touches his/ her knees with the hands.
Scoring: Record the number of correctly performed curl-ups within the given time limit.
Rules:
(i) Only one trial is permitted.
(ii) Allow the subject to warm up prior to the trials.
Question 29.
Discuss the various types of movements in joints with the help of examples. [3]
Answer:
There are various types of movements in body parts, which can be divided into four types i.e., gliding and angular movements, circumduction and rotation and a few other movements.
(1) Gliding movements: It is the simplest kind of movement that can take place in a joint; one surface gliding or moving over another without any angular or rotator movement. Ex. joint of the carpal and tarsal bones.
(2) Angular movement: Angular movement occurs between long bones. With angular movement, the angle between the two bones increases or decreases. The various movements which falls under angular movement are described below:
(i) Flexion: It means bending a part at a joint so that the angle between them decreases and parts come closer together. Ex. bending the lower limb at the knee.
(ii) Extension: It means straightening a part so that the angle between them increases and the part moves farther apart. Ex. straightening the lower limb at the knee.
(iii) Abduction: It means moving a part away from the midline. Ex. lifting the upper limb horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body.
(iv) Adduction: It means moving a part towards the midline. Ex. returning the upper limb from the horizontal position to the side of the body.
Question 30.
What is league tournament? Draw a fixture of 9 teams participating in league tournament. [3]
Answer:
In this type of tournament each team plays with every other team once, if it is a single league tournament, and each team plays every other team twice, if it is a double league tournament. It is also called round robin tournament.
Fixture of 9 teams:
Total number of matches:
\(\frac{N(N-1)}{2}=\frac{9(9-1)}{2}\) = 36 matches
No of round: N = 9
\(\begin{array}{llllllll}
1-2 & & & & & & & \\
1-3 & 2-3 & & & & & & \\
1-4 & 2-4 & 3-4 & & & & & \\
1-5 & 2-5 & 3-5 & 4-5 & & & & \\
1-6 & 2-6 & 3-6 & 4-6 & 5-6 & & & \\
1-7 & 2-7 & 3-7 & 4-7 & 5-7 & 6-7 & & \\
1-8 & 2-8 & 3-8 & 4-8 & 5-8 & 6-8 & 7-8 & \\
1-9 & 2-9 & 3-9 & 4-9 & 5-9 & 6-9 & 7-9 & 8-9
\end{array}\)
Section – D (12 marks)
Question 31.
Posture plays an important role in our daily activities. Correct posture means balancing of body in an accurate and proper way. Many types of postural deformities are found in people.
(A) What is the person in the middle suffering from?
(B) The deformity seen in person on the left is caused due to deficiency of which nutrients?
(C) Walking on the inner edge of the feet can be a remedy for which deformity?
(D) For treating which deformity is horse riding the best exercise?
OR
Write one cause for the deformity which the child in the middle is suffering from. [4]
Answer:
(A) Knock Knees
(B) Calcium and Vitamin D
(C) Bow leg
(D) Knock knee
OR
Overweight body and lack of balanced in diet.
Question 32.
Mr. Sujeet, whose age is 64 years, worked as a civil engineer in a construction from. As part of his job, he had to walk and climb a lot. After retirement, he stays with his son and spends time with his grandchildren. These days, he is facing problems in performing some chores which demand his physical movement.
(A) Which test would you recommend for cheeking Mr. Sujeet’s fitness?
(B) How many series of tests are there in the test prescribed for Mr. Sujeet?
(C) What does the chair sit and reach test assess?
(D) What does the 8-foot up-and-go test assess?
OR
What is Rikle and Jones-senior citizen fitness test also known as? [4]
Answer:
(A) Riki and Jones Test
(B) 6 series of tests are conducted
(C) Flexibility
(D) Agility
OR
Fullerton functional test.
Question 33.
A survey was done in St. Augustine school for finding out the deficiency of vitamins among the children of the school. The result of the survey was:
(A) Deficiency of which Vitamin is most common amongst the students of St. Augustine school?
(B) Name the water soluble Vitamin.
(C) Which food item should be prescribed to the students suffering from the deficiency of Vitamin A?
(D) What is the problem caused due to deficiency of Vitamin C? [4]
Answer:
(A) Vitamin A
(B) B
(C) Milk, Vegetables, Spinach
(D) Scurvy
Section – E (15 marks)
Question 34.
What is the meaning of tournament? Draw a knockout fixture for 27 teams. [5]
Answer:
Tournament: Tournament is a competition for teams or single players in which a series of matches are played, and the winners of each match play against each other until only one winner is left.
Knockout fixture for 27 teams:
No. of matches: N-1 = 27 -1 = 26 matches
No. of rounds; 2*2*2*2*2 = (2) = 5 rounds
Teams in upper half : \(\frac{N+1}{2}=\frac{27+1}{2}\) = 14 teams
Teams in lower half: \(\frac{N+1}{2}=\frac{27-1}{2}\) = 13 teams
Total bytes: Highest power of two – No. of teams
= 32- 27 = 5 byes
Byes in upper half: \(\frac{\mathrm{Nb}-1}{2}=\frac{5-1}{2}\) = 2 byes
Byes in lower half: \(\frac{\mathrm{Nb}+1}{2}=\frac{5+1}{2}\) = 3 byes
Question 35.
Define growth and developments and explain its different stages. [5]
Answer:
Growth is the progressive increase in the size of a child or parts of the body of a child. Development is progressive acquisition of various skills (abilities) such as head support, speaking, learning, expressing the feelings and relating with other people. Growth and development go together but at different rates.
Different stages of growth and development:
(1) Infancy (1-2 years):
(i) Physical changes
(ii) Bones are still soft and flexible
(in) Learn to crawl, sit and stand
(iv) Mental changes, gets what it needs by crying.
(v) Can recognize parents and siblings
(2) Early childhood (3-7 years):
(i) Physical, mental and social changes
(ii) Learns to walk and talk
(iii) Rapid changes in the child’s cognitive and language development.
(iv) Learns to use the toilet.
(v) Not ready to share or to play interactively with others.
(3) Later childhood (8-12 years):
(i) Growth is slow and steady until the onset of puberty
(ii) Acquires high level thinking skills.
(iii) Emotional changes
(iv) Self-centeredness lessens.
(v) Growing peer orientation, yet strongly influenced by their family.
(4) Adolescence (13-19 years):
(i) The period of gradual changes from childhood to adulthood.
(ii) Rapid physical growth and change in body.
(iii) Body starts to look like as an adult’s.
(iv) Mental changes and begins to question oneself.
(v) Starts to enjoy participating in adult conversation.
(5) Adulthood (above 19 years):
(i) Physical changes
(ii) A slow weakening of the five senses.
(iii) A slow loss of calcium in the bones.
(iv) Stiffening of joints and muscle weakening.
Question 36.
What are the steps which should be taken to improve women’s participation in sports in India? [5]
Answer:
Equality in society: Our society does not accept females equal and important part of society. Female participation is either completely banned or there is less participation of women in our country.
Motivation from parents: Parents play an important role in women’s participation in sports. They should be counseled, motivated and encouraged to make women participate in sports activities.
Encouragement from teachers and coaches: Teachers and coaches play an important role in women’s participation in sports. Girls should be encouraged by their teachers and coaches to participate in sports activities.
Respect in society: If women get valuable respect in society, then their participation can be increased.
Emphasis on girls education: Lack of girls education is one of the major reasons for less participation. In rural areas, people are still against women’s education, which should be increased.
Media support: In India, media does not support women. Thus due to lack of representation they don’t feel motivated to participate in sports.
Safety rules: In India, women Ore not safe. They face many problems like eve-teasing, unethical remarks, rubbish comments, etc. Thus they do not want to participate in sports.
Women coaches: In India there is less number of female coaches. Women do not feel comfortable in the company of male coaches. Thus there is a need of more female coaches to increase the participation of women in sports.
Need to improve self-confidence: Women i have lower confidence than men. Self-confidence is necessary for any competition. Although some women enjoy the competitive element of sports but many are turned off from sports because it is competitive.
Financial aid from government: In our country, financial aid and scholarship are not sufficient to develop sports infrastructure for female participation in sports. This should also increase.
Question 37.
What is lordosis? What are the causes of this problem and how can we treat this deformity? [5]
Answer:
Lordosis: It is a problem in lumbar spine. It is a postural deformity in which the spine bends from the stomach and leans forward. Thus, the abdomen is ahead of the body and shoulder comes outward and sideward. This is also called hollow back.
Causes of lordosis:
- Obesity
- Lack of exercise
- Unbalanced diet
- Lack of exercise
- Improper development of muscles
- Giving birth to many children
- Diseases of spinal muscles
- Improper environment
- Wrong postural habits
Remedies:
- Toe-touching should be done at least 10 times a day.
- Perform sit-ups daily.
- Stand straight and touch your feet with hands.
- Hal asana and Paschimottan asana should be performed daily.