CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education Set 6 with Solutions

Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education with Solutions Set 6 are designed as per the revised syllabus.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education Set 6 with Solutions

Time Allowed: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

The question paper consists of 5 sections and 37 Questions.

1. Section A consists of Questions 1-18 carrying 1 mark each and is multiple choice questions. All questions are compulsory.
2. Section B consists of Questions 19-24 carrying 2 marks each and are very short answer types and should not exceed 60-90 words. Attempt any 5.
3. Section C consists of Questions 25-30 carrying 3 marks each and are short answer types and should not exceed 100-150 words. Attempt any 5.
4. Section D consists of Questions 31-33 carrying 4 marks each and are case studies. There is an internal choice available.
5. Section E consists of Questions 34-37 carrying 5 marks each and are short answer types and should not exceed 200-300 words. Attempt any 3.

Section – A (18 marks)

Question 1.
Which type of tournament is best if there is a large number of teams and the organizers want to complete the tournament early? [1]
(a) Knockout tournament
(b) Ladder tournament
(c) Combination tournament
(d) League tournament
Answer:
(a) Knockout tournament

Explanation: Because it is time-saving and is conducted with less expenditure and officials. Other formats of tournaments require more time as well as more expenditure and officials.

Question 2.
In knockout tournaments, any team once defeated: [1]
(a) again plays in the tournament
(b) gets eliminated from the tournament
(c) reaches in the final round
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(b) Gets eliminated from the tournament

Explanation: Only in league tournaments, dp teams play again in the next round or till the end, whether it wins or loses against the opponent.

Question 3.
Carbohydrates are compounds of [1]
(a) Carbon
(b) Hydrogen
(c) Oxygen
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Explanation: This nutritive component of food provides energy. In ca carbohydrates, the C: H:0 is 1:2:1; this is why they are called the carbohydrates, carbon, and hydrous, which is water. There is one carbon, two hydrogens, and one oxygen just, like water.

Question 4.
Protein is needed for: [1]
(a) growth and development
(b) providing fluid to a body
(c) making bones
(d) giving strength
Answer:
(a) Growth and development

Explanation: Protein is the main component of muscles, tendons, ligaments, organs, glands, and all living body fluids.

Question 5.
An obese person usually falls prey to which disease? [1]
(a) Cardiovascular
(b) Hypertension
(c) Diabetes
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Explanation: Obesity is a medical condition, in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health. Due to this, sugar level increase es in our bodies, and we are unable to use the stored energy in our bodies, and it blocks the blood vessels as well, which increases the chances of all these diseases.

Question 6.
Wheel pose is another name for: [1]
(a) Chakrasana
(b) Vajrasana
(c) Bhujangasana
(d) Vakrasana
Answer:
(a) Chakrasana

Explanation: In this asana, the body takes the position of a wheel.

Question 7.
Given below are the two statements labeled Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Circuit training gives maximum results in minimum time.
Reason (R): Circuit training is the perfect workout for the time-crunched fitness freak person.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of(A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of(A)
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of(A).

Question 8.
Match the following: [1]

List I	List II
(A) Personality Type A	(i) Cautious and Reserved
(B) Personality Type B	(ii) Competitive and high achievers
(C) Personality Type C	(iii) Extroverts and Achievers
(D) Personalty Type D	(iv) Pessimistic

Codes: (A) (B) (C) (D)
(a) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
(b) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(c) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)
(d) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)
Answer:
(c) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)

Question 9.
Which postural deformity is opposite to knock-knee? [1]
(a) Kyphosis
(b) Bow legs
(c) Lordosis
(d) Round shoulders
Answer:
(b) Bow legs

Explanation: In the bow leg, both knees are bent outward.

Question 10.
When did women first participate in the Olympics? [1]
(a) 1800
(b) 1954
(c) 1955
(d) 1900
Answer:
(d) 1900

Explanation: After the beginning of the modern Olympics in 1896, women participated for the first time at the 1900 Paris Games with the inclusion of women’s events in lawn tennis and golf.

Question 11.
Remedial measures for kyphosis are: [1]
(a) Bend your head backward in a standing position
(b) Do swimming
(c) Perform Chakrasana regularly
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Explanation: It is a forward rounding of the upper half and is also called hunch back or round back. It is an abnormal increase in the flexion of the spine in an outward position. So all activities which include backward bending are suitable for this.

Question 12.
Match the following: [1]

List I (Components)	List II (Factors)
(A) Strength	(i) Aerobic capacity
(B) Speed	(ii) Muscle size
(C) Flexibility	(iii) Explainer strength
(D) Endurance	(iv) Stretchability of muscles.

Codes:(A) (B) (C) (D)
(a) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
(b) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(c) (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)
(d) (iii) (i) (ii) (iv)
Answer:
(a) (A) (ii), (B) (iii), (C) (iv), (D) (i).

Question 13.
In which type of fracture does the bone not break? [1]
(a) Simple fracture
(b) Green-stick fracture
(c) Compound fracture
(d) Transverse fracture
Answer:
(b) Green-stick fracture

Explanation: It is commonly seen in children because their bones are very soft and delicate. Whenever there is any stress on the bone, it gets bent.

Question 14.
Which of the following is an injury of the ligament? [1]
(a) Strain
(b) Abrasion
(c) Sprain
(d) Contusion
Answer:
(c) Sprain

Explanation: It occurs due to overstretching or tearing of a ligament.

Question 15.
Moving a body part away from the body’s midline and back to the middle show: [1]
(a) Pronation and supination
(b) Abduction and adduction
(c) elevation and depression
(d) flexion and extension
Answer:
(b) Abduction and adduction

Explanation: Abduction and adduction motions occur within the coronal plane and involve medial-lateral motions of the limbs, fingers, toes, or thumb. Abduction moves the limb laterally away from the midline of the body, while adduction is the opposing movement that brings the limb toward the body or across the midline.

Question 16.
The simplest possible joint movement is: [1]
(a) Gliding movement
(b) Flexing movement
(c) Circular motion
(d) Swinging motion
Answer:
(a) Gliding movement

Explanation: Gliding movement is the simplest kind of motion that can take place in a joint, one surface gliding or moving over another without any angular or rotatory movement. It is common to all movable joints; but in some, as in most of the articulations of the carpus and tarsus, it is the only motion permitted.

Question 17.
Ectomorphic persons have: [1]
(a) A muscular body
(b) Lot of fat in body
(c) Low fat in body
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) Low fat in body

Explanation: These individuals usually have a low body fat percentage, small bone size, high metabolism, and a small amount of muscle mass and muscle size.

Question 18.
Which of the following contains the big five model of personality? [1]
(a) openness, narcissism, psychoticism, conscientiousness, extraversion
(b) psychoticism, neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness
(c) openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, narcissism
(d) conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extraversion
Answer:
(d) conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extroversion

Explanation: The five broad personality traits described by the theory are extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism. As a result, the five-factor theory emerged to describe the essential traits that serve as the building blocks of personality.

Section – B (10 marks)

Question 19.
What is a fixture? Give the benefits of a knockout tournament. [2]
Answer:
The success of a tournament depends upon suitable fixtures. A fixture is a process of arranging the teams in a systematic order in various groups for competitive fights for physical activity. in other words, it is a set up of various teams for competitive matches, where they play in systematic order as per fixture or schedule. Benefits of the knockout tournament:
(1) There is an economy in expenditure.
(2) It takes less time.
(3) Fear of elimination keeps the competition interesting.
(4) Fess officials are required.

Question 20.
Make a league fixture for seven teams by ‘cycle method’. [2]
Answer:
Here, one position is fixed with a bye in each round, whereas the other teams are rotated in a clockwise direction.
A fixture of 7 teams:
Total number of matches: \(\frac{\mathrm{N}(\mathrm{N}-1)}{2}=\frac{7(\mathrm{~N}-1)}{2}\)
= 21 matches
No. of rounds: N = 7.

Question 21.
Explain a balanced diet along with its essential elements. [2]
Answer:
Balanced diet: A diet that consists of all the essential food constituents’ viz. protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water in correct proportions is called a balanced diet. In fact, every individual does not require the same type of diet. It differs from person to person.

Food is made up of specific elements – proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water which are necessary for life, growth, body function, and tissue repair. Anyone’s food may contain several of these essential nutrients, together with the substances needed to assist their absorption. These essential nutrients can be broken into two main groups.

(1) Macronutrients: These include fats, carbohydrates, and protein. They produce energy and are required in quantities easily measurable by a common scale.
(2) Micronutrients: These include vitamins and minerals. They are essential for helping our bodies work properly and strengthening our immune systems so that we can resist infections. They are only required in very small or “microscopic” amounts.

Question 22.
Explain in detail any two disorders. [2]
Answer:
A disorder is a functional abnormality or disturbance. There are various types of disorders:

(1) ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder): ADHD is a chronic disorder that mainly affects children. But it can affect adults also. It affects a person’s behavior, emotions, and ability to learn new things. Symptoms: Each type of ADHD is tied to one or more characteristics. It is always recognized on the basis of behavior as follows:

• Inattention: Having poor concentration and poor organizational skills.
• Impulsiveness: Interrupting, taking risks.
• Hyperactivity: Always active, never seeming to slow down.

(2) SPD (Sensory Processing Disorder): It is a condition in which the brain feels trouble receiving and responding to the information coming through the senses. Some people with SPD are oversensitive to things in their surroundings. For example, common sounds may be painful to them. The light touch of a cloth may irritate the skin.

Symptoms: It may affect senses Like hearing, touch, taste, or multiple senses. The victim can be over-responsive or under-responsive to things. For example, the sound of wind blowing outside may cause some children to vomit.

Question 23.
Briefly discuss any two factors affecting motor development among children. [2]
Answer:
The development and quality of a child’s motor skills are affected and influenced by many factors, which are discussed here:
(1) Age or maturity: Motor development takes place gradually in a phased manner as age advances. Infancy and pre-school years are a period of rapid motor development Later childhood and late adolescence are periods of consolidation and therefore growth and motor the development slow down.
(2) Nutrition: Nutritious food promotes good motor development Healthy children who continuously get nutritious food develop excellent mental skills, while malnourished children may suffer a lot of problems in physical, cognitive, and behavioral development.

Question 24.
Explain the Rockport one-mile test. [2]
Answer:
It is a cardiorespiratory test used to determine Vo2 max. Vo2 is the maximum capacity of a person’s body to move and use oxygen during exercise. It is also called aerobic capacity. The higher the number, the more aerobically fit a person is Equipment: To undertake this test, the following items are needed:
(1) 400-meter track
(2) Stopwatch
(3) Weighing Scales
(4) Assistant
(5) Heart rate monitor
Procedure: Weigh yourself and take 10 minutes to warm up and stretch. Start the stopwatch and walk one mile as fast as you can. Let the to assistant stop your stopwatch as soon as you have completed a mile. Record your heart rate (HR). The heart rate should be recorded with a heart rate monitor, otherwise, count your heart rate for fifteen seconds and multiply it by four. Record the time and heart rate. Then cool down for 10 minutes. Now plug your result into the Vo2 max formula and you will be able to,
calculate your Vo2 max. Formula to calculate Vo2 max:
= 132.853- (0.0769 * Bodyweight)- [0.3877 * Age + (6.135 * Gender) – 3.2649 * Time] – (0.1565 *HR).

Section – C (15 marks)

Question 25.
Discuss any three physiological factors determining endurance. [3]
Answer:
Endurance is also an important component that is determined by the following physiological factors:
(1) Lactic acid tolerance: Lactic tolerance is important for activities that last for about 40 seconds or more. It can help in improving endurance. It can be improved by training.
(2) Movement economy: Economical movements are significant for endurance performance. A good technique in endurance sports can save energy.
(3) Muscle composition: Slow twitch fibers are best used for aerobic activities or endurance activities. They produce small levels of force for long periods of time and that is why they are better suited for endurance activities.

Question 26.
Write a note on soft tissue injury: [3]
(A) Contusion
(B) Sprain
Answer:
Contusion: Contusion is a muscle injury. A direct hit with or without any sports equipment can be the reason for a contusion. A contusion is common in boxing, wrestling, and kabaddi.
Symptoms:
(1) Swelling and pain
(2) Stiffness
(3) Discoloration of skin
Treatment:
(1) Apply a compression office.
(2) Continue ice massage three to four times a day.
(3) After three days, apply heat instead of ice massage and massage gently.

Sprain: It is a ligament injury. It may occur due to over-stretching or tearing of a ligament Generally it occurs at the wrist or ankle joints.
Symptoms:
Swelling, inflammation, severe pain, tenderness, etc.
Treatment:
(1) Do not move the injured part and go for medical advice.
(2) In a mild sprain, apply ice compression 3 to 4 times a day for 3 days and cover the affected area.
(3) Apply heat after 3 days.
(4) Light massage should be performed.

Question 27.
What is energy? Explain kinetic energy and potential energy. [3]
Answer:
Energy is the strength and vitality required for sustained physical or mental activity. It is defined as “the capacity to do work”. It is measured as the total amount of work that a body can do. Energy is available in many forms like heat, light, sound, chemical, mechanical, electrical, nuclear, electromagnetic, etc In sports, our prime concern is about mechanical energy. Mechanical energy is associated with the motion and position of an object Mechanical energy has two forms:

(1) Kinetic energy: Kinetic energy is the energy due to motion. Based on this principle, a moving object has the capacity to work due to its motion. It is the kinetic energy of the object. Sports need kinetic energy because sports have movement

(2) Potential energy: Potential energy is the energy of an object due to its position or configuration. It is stored energy. For example, in weight lifting, and archery, ‘the bows stored have potential energy. Potential energy is of two types: gravitational potential energy and strain potential energy.

Question 28.
Explain motivational techniques in sports. [3]
Answer:
Various techniques of motivation are, applied oh sports persons, which can enable them to achieve the top positions in the field of sports and games. These techniques of motivation are described below:

(1) Goal setting: One of the most important techniques of motivation is goal setting. If you do not set a goal, you cannot achieve apex positions in your life. So, sports persons should be encouraged to set a few ambitious, but achievable long-term goals. They should set goals according to their capabilities and capacities.

(2) Awards and rewards: A good tool for encouragement and motivation. Awards may be in the form of trophies, certificates, mementos, etc, or some social honor, whereas rewards can be in the form of cash prizes, jobs, etc in various government departments like police, railways, or any others.

(3) Praise or blame: They are effective factors of motivation if given at a proper time and in an appropriate amount Sometimes if blame is given at an improper time, it can be dangerous. The individual may withdraw from that activity. Praise is also better, but too much praise can destroy the future of the sportsmen. It should be according to the requirement It has been seen that praise is more effective to girls in comparison to boys. Mature athletes have the least concern about praise.

Question 29.
Define the Fartlek training method along with its advantages. [3]
Answer:
The term ‘Fartlek’ comes from the Swedish word ‘fart’ (speed) and ‘lek’ (play). The Fartlek method was developed by Swedish track and field athlete Gosta Holmer in 1930. This speed workout is an extremely effective type of training for mid to long-distance runs. This training involves frequently increasing and decreasing the running speed and thereby, the training load when running outdoors. The effort and interval duration are not planned; these are determined by the terrain or running surface and can be alternated according to how you feel during the workout. The effort then varies throughout the workout.

Advantages of the Fartlek training method:
Unlike in an endurance run, during Fartlek, the body has to constantly adapt to different speeds and surfaces. This training has a lot of advantages:
(1) The continuous change between effort and recovery increases endurance when your heart rate is in the upper range. The body is forced to push itself harder for longer periods. This boosts the overall endurance level.
(2) Changing pace and surface also works the tendons and muscles more. The muscles get stronger, which can prevent injuries.
(3) Running downhill on different surfaces trains balance, coordination, and flexibility.
(4) With Fartlek training, you can learn about your own limits in a playful way. Plus, by changing your speed so often, you practice passing other runners. This can be helpful during a race or final sprint to the finish line.
(5) A number of athletes can take part in this training simultaneously. In this training, no equipment is required. Fleece, it can be organized without any problem.

Question 30.
Explain the methods to improve flexibility with the help of examples. [3]
Answer:
Flexibility refers to the range of motion of the musculoskeletal system. It is trainable, but only when it is done correctly.

(1) Static stretching: Static stretching consists of stretching a muscle or a group of muscles to its farthest point and then maintaining or holding that position. Ex. shoulder stretch or hamstring stretch.

(2) Ballistic stretching: Ballistic stretching uses the momentum of a moving body or a limb in an attempt to force it beyond its normal range of motion. This is stretching, or “warming up”, by bouncing into or out of a stretched position, using the stretched muscles as a spring that pulls you out of the stretched position. Ex., bouncing down repeatedly to touch your toes.

(3) PNF stretching: Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation is a more advanced form of flexibility training, which involves both the stretching and contraction of the muscle group being targeted. It is not really a type of stretching but is a technique employed to improve muscle elasticity and range of motion. Ex. biceps and triceps in the arm and hamstrings and quadriceps in the leg.

(4) Passive stretching: It is also referred to as relaxed stretching, and as static-passive stretching. A passive stretch is one where you assume a position and hold it with some other part of your body, or with the assistance of a partner or some other apparatus. Ex. bringing your leg up high and then holding it there with your hand. The split is an example of a passive stretch; in this case, the floor is the “apparatus” that -you use to maintain your extended position.

Section – D (12 marks)

Question 31.
Mr. Manish Sharma is a well-known lawn tennis coach. When he started his own academy, he selected the best lawn tennis players from a few schools and designed a training program. During the training, he noticed that few players were good at defense, but they were not able to play up to the last moment because of a lack of strength and endurance. He used various ways for increasing their strength and endurance.

(A) Which type of training and exercises help in enhancing static strength and maximal strength? When and by whom were these exercises introduced?
(B) When and by whom were isotonic exercises developed? Where is the word ‘isotonic’ derived from?
(C) What are isokinetic exercises?
(D) What are the two types of isotonic exercises?
OR
Give examples of any two isotonic exercises. [4]
Answer:
(A) Isometric exercises help in enhancing static strength and maximal strength. These exercises were introduced by Hettinger and Muller in 1953.
(B) Isotonic exercises were developed by Dr. Lome in 1954. The word ‘isotonic’ is derived from Latin, words ‘iso’ meaning ‘same’ and ‘tonic’ meaning muscle tone.
(C) Isokinetic exercises refer to exercises that are based on the movement of the muscles throughout the range of the joint with a constant speed.
(D) Two types of isotonic exercises are:

1. Concentric: It means the upward movement of muscles.
2. Eccentric: It means the downward movement of muscles.

OR

Lighting weights, arms curling, and wrist curling.

Question 32.
The tournament fixture procedure of a CBSE volleyball National competition is given below.

Answer the following questions on the bases of the above data:
(A) What is the formula for calculating the number of matches in Round Robin tournaments?
(B) By which method is the winner of the league tournament decided?
(C) Which formula is used to determine the number of matches in a single league tournament?
(D) Which formula is used for determining the number of matches in a double-league tournament?
OR
What are the two types of challenge tournaments? [4]
Answer:
(A) N (N – 1) -> 2
(B) British method
(C) \(\frac{\mathrm{N}(\mathrm{N}-1)}{2}\) where N = Number of teams
(D) N (N- 1).

OR

Ladder tournament and, pyramid tournament.

Question 33.
Mr. Rishi, aged 51 years has been recommended to practice the asana shown below, as a therapeutic measure. He is a software engineer by profession and spends most of his turns sitting at his desk. He developed some symptoms such as tiredness, frequent urination, excessive weight gain, anxiousness, and irritability. [4]

(A) Which pose can be identified from the shape of the body in the figure shown above? What does this asana cure?
(B) Who should avoid the asana shown above?
(C) Write any two benefits of the asana shown above?
(D) Which hormone controls blood sugar levels?
Answer:
(A) Bhujangasana. It cures and prevents diabetes.
(B) Two contradictions ofthiyangasana are:

1. People having problems with hernia or backache should not do this asana.
2. It should be avoided by people suffering from ulcers, heart problems, or surgeries of the spine.

(C) (i) It improves blood circulation.
(ii) It is effective in urine disorders.
(D) Insulin.

Section – E (15 Marks)

Question 34.
What is a league tournament? What are its advantages and disadvantages? [5]
Answer:
A-League tournament is also called round robin tournament In a single league tournament, every team plays with every other team only once. In a double league tournament, every team plays with every other team twice. In these types of tournaments, every team plays with every other team, irrespective of victory or defeat.
Advantages of league tournament:

• It decides the true and strong winner of the tournament.
• More matches ca n be played by the teams.
• It helps in giving ranking to all the teams.
• All the teams get an equal chance to play with each other.

Disadvantages of league tournament:

• There is no provision for seeding for the outstanding teams.
• Teams that get defeated often will lose interest in the game.
• This method is boring for participants, spectators, and even for officials.
• It is more costly and time-consuming.

Question 35.
Discuss the various methods used for drawing fixtures in league tournaments with examples. [5]
Answer:
In a league tournament, one team has to play with all other teams irrespective of victory or defeat It can be called the best type of tournament because it provides every team with an opportunity to show its best performance. Methods for drawing fixtures in league tournament The following methods are used for drawing fixtures:
(1) Staircase method: In this method, the fixtures are drawn in staircase form. In this method, no bye is given to any team and there is no problem of an even or odd number of teams.
Example: If the total number of teams = 5

Total, number of matches =\(\frac{\mathrm{N}(\mathrm{N}-1)}{2}\) =

\(\frac{(5-1)}{2}=\frac{20}{2}\) = 10 matches

Number of Rounds = N-1 = 5-1 = 4

\(\begin{array}{llll}R \text { I } & \text { RII } & \text { RIII } & \text { RIV } \\ 1-2 & & & \\ 1-3 & 2-3 & & \\ 1-4 & 2-4 & 3-4 & \\ 1-5 & 2-5 & 3-5 & 4-5\end{array}\)

(2) Cyclic Method: In this method, if the total number of teams is even, then one team is fixed and all the other teams are rotated in a clockwise direction. The number of rounds in case of even number of teams will be N- 1, where N = number of teams. If no. of teams is odd, then bye is fixed and all the teams are rotated in a clockwise direction. The number of rounds in case of an odd number of teams will be N.
where N = number of teams.
Example: If total number of teams = 6
Total number of matches

\(=\frac{N(\mathrm{~N}-1)}{2}=\frac{5(5-1)}{2}
=\frac{20}{2}-10 matches\)

Number of rounds =N-1
= 6-1
= 5

Question 36.
Explain exercise guidelines for the various age groups. [5]
Answer:
Development is a process in which a child grows physically and mentally. It is a continuous process that never stops. Proper development is essential for every individual. There are many exercise guidelines which are described as given below:

Children 0-5 years:
(1) For infants, daily activities like reaching, grasping, tummy time, throwing, crawling, etc. are beneficial.
(2) Children who can walk on their own are called toddlers. They may get busy standing up, moving around, rolling, playing, etc. Plays such as riding a bike, playing in the water, chasing a ball, and other similar things are also good for their development.
(3) Children under five should remain active in playing, walking, running, chasing games, walking to a park or at another place, etc. These activities will be helpful in physical growth, because these activities include movement of the entire major muscle group, i.e., the legs, buttocks, shoulders, arms, etc.

Children between 5-8 years:
(1) Development at this stage includes control and coordination over small muscles and bone development.
(2) Activities such as jumping, hopping, throwing, catching, running, etc. increase flexibility and coordination among them.
(3) At this stage, the environment for children should be calm and clean. Apart from this, proper check by teachers and parents is also necessary.

Children between 8-12 years:
During this period, the development of children includes flexibility and co-ordinations Children of this stage should be equipped with good quality apparatus and safety measures.

Children between 13-19 Years:
(1) In this stage, muscular strength, endurance and speed develop aLong with growth patterns. Aerobic exercise helps them in their development.
(2) Team games are also good for them because these games inculcate the feeling of cooperation and coordination among them.
(3) As children between 13-19 are teenagers, good leadership and training are required for perfect growth and development.

Above 19 years:
At this time, energetic activities should be preferred, because these activities increase the strength, endurance flexibility, and speed of a person. These activities include weight training, adventurous sports, combative sports, etc.

Question 37.
Explains fracture as a bone injury with its symptoms and management. [5]
Answer:
Fracture: A fracture is a broken or cracked bone mainly caused by terrible force due to accidents. It is caused due to direct or indirect impact, collision, falls, accidents, etc. in different sports. Fractures ca n be categorized as follows:

(1) Simple fracture: A fracture without any wound is called a simple fracture.

(2) Compound or open Fracture: In this fracture, there is a cut over the skin because of the sharp edges of a broken bone or by an external object along with the broken bones. Generally, the broken bone comes out through the skin by tearing it.

(3) Green stick fracture: These fractures are commonly seen in children because their bones are very soft and delicate, whenever there is any stress on the bone or it is bent.

(4) Comminuted fracture: When a bone is broken up into many small pieces, it is called a comminuted fracture. Such type of fracture is possible in cycle races or motorcycle races.

(5) Impacted fracture: When a broken bone is driven into another bone, it is called an impacted fracture.

(6) Complicated fracture: A complicated fracture occurs when a bone is crushed: moreover, delicate organs like the brain, heart, liver, kidney nerves, blood vessels, etc. are damaged by it. These types of fractures are complicated and dangerous. Such fractures are common in the high jump and pole vault.

(7) Stress fracture: It is a small crack in a bone. It can be caused due to overuse of stretch activities That is why it is common in athletes and runners.

(8) Transverse fracture: It is a fracture that occurs in the spinal bone. It is severely painful Medical help is necessary to rectify this injury. Sometimes, even surgery or an operation may be required to treat this fracture.

(9) Oblique fractures: These are slanted fractures that occur when force is applied at any angle other than a right angle on bone.

Symptoms:
There is severe pain, swelling, numbness, tenderness, and bruising at the site of the fracture. The affected parts are painful and can’t be moved easily Management:
(1) The mobility of damaged fragments of bone should be prevented by using splints, slings, and bandages.
(2) Try to locate the fracture by touching the skin very gently.
(3) If there is a compound fracture, neither use any antiseptic nor wash the wound. At that time, use dry and disinfectant bandages.
(4) Careful and comfortable transportation of the injured should be planned to the hospital to seek medical treatment
(5) In case of fractures with appreciable displacement, immobilization is done after a satisfactory corrective reduction. Immobilization is done by using plaster of Paris casts.
(6) If there is a fracture in the femur, anesthetics should be given to the injured athlete and the affected area should be immobilized.