CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education Set 7 with Solutions

Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education with Solutions Set 7 are designed as per the revised syllabus.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education Set 7 with Solutions

Time Allowed: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

The question paper consists of 5 sections and 37 Questions.

1. Section A consists of Questions 1-18 carrying 1 mark each and is multiple choice questions. All questions are compulsory.
2. Section B consists of Questions 19-24 carrying 2 marks each and are very short answer types and should not exceed 60-90 words. Attempt any 5.
3. Section C consists of Questions 25-30 carrying 3 marks each and are short answer types and should not exceed 100-150 words. Attempt any 5.
4. Section D consists of Questions 31-33 carrying 4 marks each and are case studies. There is internal choice available.
5. Section E consists of Questions 34-37 carrying 5 marks each and are short answer types and should not exceed 200-300 words. Attempt any 3.

Section – A (18 Marks)

Question 1.
How can you decide number of byes? [1]
(a) Next power of 3
(b) Next power of 4
(c) Power of 2
(d) Next power of 2
Answer:
(d) Next power of2

Explanation: Next highest power of 2 – No. of teams (for 11 teams bye will be calculated as 16 – 11 = 5 as 16 is the next highest power of 2, which is greater than 11).

Question 2.
What is special seeding? [1]
(a) Direct entry in first round
(b) Play in quarter/semi final
(c) Get bye
(d) Played from first match
Answer:
(b) Play in quarter/semi final

Explanation: In special seeding an individual gets a benefit to play directly in semi/quarter final whereas bye is given randomly to any team.

Question 3.
Which exercise plays an important role in the fitness of an individual? [1]
(a) Aerobic
(b) Anaerobic
(c) Balancing
(d) Running
Answer:
(a) Aerobic

Explanation: Aerobic exercise means “with oxygen.” Breathing and heart rate increases during aerobic activities.

Question 4.
Name the disease caused by the deficiency of Niacin. [1]
(a) Scurvy
(b) Pellagra
(c) Rickets
(d) Anemia
Answer:
(b) Pellagra

Explanation: Pellagra is a disease caused by low levels of Niacin, also known as vitamin B 3. It is marked by dementia, diarrhea and dermatitis, also known as “the three Ds”.

Question 5.
Which of the following is not an Ashtanga yoga? [1]
(a) Yama
(b) Niyama
(c) Dhouti
(d) Pranayama
Answer:
(c) Dhouti

Explanation: All these are elements of Ashtanga yoga, except Dhouti. It is part of Shatkriyas.

Question 6.
Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion(A) and Reason(R). [1]
Assertion (A): Obesity is a physical condition in which a person accumulates fat so much in excess that it creates a negative effect on his/her health.
Reason(R): Obesity has become a very common problem. In context of the above two statements, which one of the following is correct?
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of(A)
(b) Both(A) and(R) are true but(R) is not the correct explanation of(A)
(c) (A) is true but(R) is false
(d) (A) is false but(R) is true
Answer:
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but(R) is not the correct explanation of(A).

Question 7.
Match the following: [1]

List I	List II
(A)    Health Run	(i) Run for creating a feeling of oneness
(B)     Run for Run	(ii) Run for creating awareness about deadly diseases
(C)     Run for specific causes	(iii) Run organized for purpose of recreation
(D)    Run for unity	(iv) Run for a noble cause

(a) (A) (iii), (B) (i), (C) (ii),(D) (iv)
(b) (A) (iv), (B) (ii), (C) (i), (D) (ii)
(c) (A) (ii), (B) (iii),(C) (iv),(D) (i)
(d) (A) (iv), (B) (iii),(C) (i), (D) (ii)
Answer:
(b) (A) (iv), (B) (ii), (C) (i), (D) (ii)

Question 8.
Match the following: [1]

List I (Vitamin B)	List II (Scientific name)
(A)    Health Run	(i) Run for creating a feeling of oneness
(B)     Run for Run	(ii) Run for creating awareness about deadly diseases
(C)     Run for specific causes	(iii) Run organized for purpose of recreation
(D)    Run for unity	(iv) Run for a noble cause

(a) (A) (iii), (B) (iv), (C) (ii),(D) (ii)
(b) (A) (i), (B) (ii), (C) (iii), (D) (iv)
(c) (A) (ii), (B) (i),(C) (iv),(D) (iii)
(d) (A) (iv), (B) (iii),(C) (ii), (D) (i)
Answer:
(d) (A) (iv), (B) (iii),(C) (ii), (D) (i)

Question 10.
In which postural deformity do the muscles of the chest contract? [1]
(a) Lordosis
(b) Knock-knee
(c) Kyphosis
(d) Bow legs
Answer:
(c) Kyphosis

Explanation: It is an abnormal forward curve in the upper part of the spine which causes the upper back to appear hunched over, with the shoulders rounded forward.

Question 11.
Which is the test battery used to measure flexibility? [1]
(a) 50 mt dash
(b) Sit and reach
(c) Standing broad jump
(d) Shuttle run
Answer:
(b) Sit and reach

Explanation: It is a common measure of flexibility, and specifically measures the flexibility of the lower back and hamstring muscles.

Question 12.
In which activity can power be seen best? [1]
(a) Shuttle run
(b) Long jump
(c) 50 m dash
(d) Standing broad jump
Answer:
(b) Long jump

Explanation: Long jumpers need to work their hamstrings, thighs, back, abs, hips, and gluteus for a powerful long jump. A strong core helps a long jumper maintain body control in order to utilize all the muscle power throughout the body.

Question 13.
You should apply an ice on a soft tissue injury for: [1]
(a) 5 minutes after it has occurred
(b) 10 minutes after it has occurred
(c) 20 minutes every hour for 24-48 hours
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) 20 minutes every hour for 24-48 hours

Explanation: Crushed ice in a plastic bag applied immediately on the skin for 20 minutes every hour enables the skin to be cooled to 10°C which reduces pain and damage to the healthy tissues.

Question 14.
Which of the following can cause a stroke? [1]
(a) A blood clot in an artery in the heart
(b) A blood clot in an artery in the brain
(c) A blood clot in an artery in the leg
(d) A blood clot in an artery in the lungs
Answer:
(b) A blood clot in an artery in the brain

Explanation: A stroke occurs when the blood supply to a part of your brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing the brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients. Brain cells begin to die in minutes.

Question 15.
What is the study of joints called? [1]
(a) Kinesiology
(b) Biology
(c) Anthropometry
(d) Arthrology
Answer:
(d) Arthrology

Explanation: It is the science concerned with the study of anatomy, function, dysfunction and treatment of joints and articulations.

Question 16.
What is the set of forces that energize, direct and sustain behaviour? [1]
(a) Motivation
(b) Expectancy
(c) Empowerment
(d) Socialization
Answer:
(a) Motivation

Explanation: It is a process that starts with a physiological or psychological deficiency or need that activates behaviour or a drive that is aimed at a goal or incentive. On the other hand, expectancy is the state of thinking or hoping that something, especially something good, will happen. Empowerment is the authority or power given to someone to do something. Socialization is the process of learning to behave in a way that is acceptable to society.

Question 17.
Lifting light weight for a lot of repetitions will target an aspect of fitness called_______. [1]
(a) Muscular endurance
(b) Muscular strength
(c) Flexibility
(d) Speed
Answer:
(a) Muscular endurance

Explanation: It is the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to sustain repeated contractions against a resistance for an extended period of time.

Question 18.
Muscle enlargement as a result of training is [1]
referred to as:
(a) Muscle mass
(b) Hypertrophy
(c) Muscle growth
(d) Hyperplasia
Answer:
(b) Hypertrophy

Explanation: It is a term for the growth and increase of the size of muscle cells, which occurs as a result of physical exercise, such as weightlifting. On the other hand, muscle mass includes the weight of the muscles in your body in kilograms or pounds. Muscle growth occurs whenever the rate of muscle protein synthesis is greater than the rate of muscle protein breakdown. Hyperplasia is the increase in fiber number after mechanical work.

Section – B (10 Marks)

Question 19.
Define tournament. Explain two types of tournament.[2]
Answer:
Tournament; It is referred as a series of matches to decide the best team/winner. A tournament provides a good platform to display talent and perfection of skills, technique, tactics and strategies. It also provides evaluation and comparison of teams, which act as inspiration and encouragement for the participants. Two types of tournaments, are as follow:

(1) Knockopt or elimination tournament: A team continues to play further matches as per schedule till defeated, /.&, a team gets eliminated and cannot play further, if defeated. In this tournament, only the victorious team is allowed to play further matches until one team emerges as winner. It is a faster method to know about the winner team in the tournament.

(2) League or round robin tournament: One team has to play with all other teams, irrespective of victory or defeat It can be called the best type of tournament because it provides every team with an opportunity to show its best performance. It is of two types: single league and double league.

Question 20.
What are macronutrients?[2]
Answer:
Macro nutrient Macronutrients are required in large proportion in our diet, like carbohydrates, fats and proteins. They are the main part of our diet and are taken in a large quantity. They are the main source of energy and body development.

Carbohydrates: It is an essential nutritive component of food, which is formed by the chemical composition of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. It provides energy. An individual, who performs hard work, needs the maximum amount of carbohydrates. If excess amount of carbohydrate is taken by an individual, it always changes into fats and after that, it gets accumulated in fatty tissues.

Proteins: It is the basic structure of all living beings. These are the building blocks for our body. Proteins are the main components of muscles, tendons, ligaments, organs, glands and all living body fluids. These are complex organic compounds which are formed from a chain of amino acid that contains carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen.

Fat Fat is also an essential nutritive component of food. It is made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Fat provides heat and energy to the body. On average, one gram of fat, on burning, gives 9 calories of energy. Fats are stored in the body and are used as emergency sources of energy.

Question 21.
Explain the importance of yoga in modem times.[2]
Answer:
Importance of yoga in modern times:
(1) Reduces tension: Yoga helps to relax the body and mind. It reduces stress and tension.
(2) Relax from fatigue: Modern age is the age of stress and tension. It is full of hard work. In this lifestyle, fatigue is common. Rest and relaxation are important for removing fatigue. Shavasana and Makarasana are beneficial asanas for relaxation.
(3) Improves concentration: It is the best means to improve the concentration of a person. It helps in improving memory and mental set up.
(4) Improves digestive systems: It is helpful in improving the digestive system. A person with perfect digestion seldom gets sick. Thus, yoga helps in keeping away diseases.

Question 22.
Explain the difference between disability and disorder with suitable example.[2]
Answer:

It is an impairment which affects activities, compatibility and growth of an individual	Disorder is an ailment which disturbs the normal functioning of an individual
The main cause of a disability is the    weakness of any organ or body part which hinders normal functioning of the body part.	The main cause of disorder is short deviation in the functioning of an organ.
It may be by birth or may develop after birth.	In the beginning, symptoms of disorder may be normal but after some time the symptoms are clearly visible.
It is related to body parts	It is primarily related to the brain or functioning of the brain.
The treatment of a disability is not possible. It is difficult to bring a person with disability to normal state.	A disorder can be Cured if diagnosed at an early stage. Such a person can come back to normal state. However, if a disorder is not treated on time, it may become a disability.

Question 23.
Explain any six disability etiquettes.[2]
Answer:
Disability etiquettes are a set of guidelines to deal with the people facing physical and mental disability. Following are the disability etiquettes:
(1) Do not push or touch a person’s wheelchair/ scooter without their permission – a wheelchair is a part of the personal body space of the person.
(2) Speak directly to a person who is blind, not through a companion.
(3) Speak directly to the person in your normal voice and not to their interpreter, if an interpreter is present
(4) People with speech and language disorders may take longer to communicate with you – be patient and respectful.
(5) Keep communication simple, using short sentences and completing one topic before moving to the next topic.
(6) If a person seems nervous or confused, be willing to break things down step by step.

Question 24.
Explain the difference in lordosis and kyphosis.[2]
Answer:
The difference between Lordosis and Kyphosis are:

Lordosis	Kyphosis
It is an abnormal curvature of the spine at front It is a postural deformity in which the lumbar spine bends in front beyond the normal level.	It is a rounding of the upper back. Some rounding is normal, but the term but the kyphosis usually refers to an exaggerated rounding, more than 50 degrees. This deformity is also called round back or hunch back.
The abdomen is ahead of the body and shoulders come outward and sideward.	It can occur at any age but is most common in older women.
It can occur in people of all ages and is more common in young children and women. It may occur in women during and after pregnancy.	Age related kyphosis is often due to weakness in the spinal bones that causes them to compress or crack.
It can cause back pain, making movement difficult and painful.	Other types of kyphosis can appear in infants or teens due to malformation of the spine or wedging of the spinal bones over time.

Section – C (15 Marks)

Question 25.
Explain the Eight foot up and go Test for measuring agility dynamic balance. [3]
Answer:
Eight foot up and go test for agility:
Purpose: To measure speed, agility and balance while moving.

Equipment required: Stopwatch, straight back or folding chair (about 17 inch/44 cm high), marker cone and measuring tape.

Procedure: Place the chair next to a wall (for safety) and the marker 8 feet in front of the chair. Clear the path between the chair and the marker. Sit in the chair with your hands on your thighs, your feet flat on the floor with one foot slightly ahead of the other. Upon the signal “Go”, rise from the chair and walk as quickly as possible out to the marked place.

You may press off your thighs of the chair when you rise. Do not run. Walk around the outside of the marked area and return to your place as quickly as possible.

Scoring: Take the best time of two trails to the nearest l/10th seconds.

Question 26.
Discuss about the treatment of a sprain. [3]
Answer:
Treatment of sprain: Sprain is an injury of ligaments. It occurs when the ligaments are overstretched. During exercise, ligament near the joint sometimes become tense and get injured or form a weak spot For treatment of sprain, P.R.I.C.E procedure is followed. It is a simple 5-step protocol that even somebody who is not trained in first aid can use to minimize the effect of immediate injury.
(P) Protection: Protect the injured person and the area being treated.
(R) Rest: Allow an injury time to heal.
(I) Ice: By applying an ice either from a freezer or an ice pack on the injury, pain and inflammation will reduce.
(C) Compression: Compression of the swollen area will help to reduce the swelling.
(E) Elevation: Elevating the injured area so that it is above the heart reduces the flow of blood to the area and reduces swelling.

Question 27.
Differentiate between flexion, extension, abduction and adduction with suitable example. [3]
Answer:

Question 28.
Define biomechanics and its applications in the field of sports. [3]
Answer:
The word ‘biomechanics’ has been derived from the greek words ‘bio’ and ‘mechanics’. ‘Bio’ means ‘living things’ and ‘mechanics’ means ‘the field of physics’ i.e., the forces related to body movements. According to Dictionary, com, “Biomechanics is the study of the action of external and internal forces on the living body.” Application of biomechanics in sports: The analysis and learning of proper biomechanics will assist in long-term development of an athlete. Following are the applications:

(1) Helpful in improving performance in sports: Biomechanics aims for improving performance of athletes in sports and other activities. A runner can perform better without exhausting and for longer duration if he learns the correct biomechanics of running.

(2) Improvement in techniques: Techniques are essential for improvement in performance. Techniques can be improved and learned with the help of biomechanics. Coaches and trainers use various methods to improve techniques of the athlete in order to enhance their performance capacity.

(3) Helpful in prevention of sports Injuries: Sports biomechanics is helpful in prevention of sports injuries. A healthy athlete can perform better than an injured athlete.

(4) Development of better sports equipment: Use of biomechanics makes us able to design sports equipments according to the need of sports and sports persons. For example: an introduction of the new vaulting table after the 2000 Olympics. This equipment brought a change in the field of gymnastics.

Question 29.
Explain Sheldon’s classification of personalities. [3]
Answer:
According to Sheldon, there are three types of personalities on the basis of physical traits: Endomorph: An endomorph person is generally stocky, with a large round body, a short thick neck, short arms and legs and with a tendency to store body fat. These people are naturally strong in squat exercises. Sports persons tend not to be in this category, being either more mesomorphic or ectomorphic. Generally, endomorphs rate poorly on physical fitness tests.

Mesomorph: A mesomorph person has a strong built, with a broad muscuLar chest and shoulders, very muscular arms and legs, and little body fat. In general, they are the best body type for body building. They find it quite easy to gain and Lose weight. They are naturally strong, which is perfect platform for building muscle.

Ectomorph: An ectomorphic person is tall and thin, with a narrow body, thin arms and legs, little body fat and wiry muscles. An example in sports world is a typical long distance runner or basketball player. In general, they rank high on endurance, flexibility and agility. The calculations for this body type are based on the measurements of height, weight and height-weight ratio.

Question 30.
Differentiate between isometric and isotonic exercises. [3]
Answer:

Isometric exercises	Isotonic exercises
Movement of exercising body parts or object is not visible to third person.	Movement of exercising body parts or object is visible to third person.
Length of muscles doesn’t change.	Length of muscles doesn’t change. Length of muscles change.
Less muscular endurance is developed.	More muscular endurance is developed.
These exercises can be performed at any place.	These exercises require specific  place.
Develop strength at one place	Develop uniform strength.
Recovery from muscular fatigue is slow.	Recovery from muscular fatigue is faster.
Ex: Exercise by pushing the wall. Isometric same length: Changing tension.	Ex: Exercise with light weights. Isometric same length: Changing tension.

Section – D (12 Marks)

Question 31.
Disorder is generally used for mental disabilities. They hinder an individual’s performance and reduce efficiency. [4]

(A) From which disorder in the child in the picture suffering?
(B) How does child suffering from the disorder depicted in the picture behave?
(C) Write any two symptoins of this disorder.
(D) Mention any two causes of this disorder.
OR
What kind of behaviour do the adults with the above mentioned disorder display?
Answer:
(A) ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder)
(B) ODD is a type of disorder which is marked by defiant and disobedient behaviour to authority figures like parents, teachers, guardians etc.
(C) Two symptoms of ODD include

• Irritable mood
• Similar patterns of anger.

(D) Two causes of ODD may be:

• Genetics: It is common in such children to have family members who also suffer from various mental illness.
• Environmental: If children are exposed to violence, or have friends who behave in destructive or reckless way, those children are more likely to begin symptoms like that of ODD.

OR

Adults with ODD display a pattern of negative, hostile and defiant behaviour.

Question 32.
A student of class IX, Ritika, is a physically and mentally strong girl. She has been encouraged by her coach to take up wrestling as a professional sport and start training. Ritika is also interested in the spart and she is highly impressed by women wrestlers. She talks to her father about this interest of hers and her father in happy to send her for professional training by the best coach of the city. [4]

(A) Which body type is most suitable for a sport such as wrestling and why?
(B) Why is dynamic strength the most important component of physical fitness for a sport like wrestling.
(C) Name the three training methods used to develop or improve strength.
(D) Name the two types of strength
OR
What is static strength also known as?
Answer:
(A) Endomorph body type is most suitable for a sport like wrestling because their body type is most suitable for activities in which great strength is required.
(B) It is the strength in which an endividual needs to sustain his/her body over a prolonged period of time or to be able to apply some force against an object.
(C) Training methods

• Sometric Exercises
• Isotonic Exercises
• Isokinetic Exercises

(D) Dynamic strength and static strength.

OR

Isometric strength.

Question 33.
Mohit is the best Long jumper of his school. Whenever he represents his school in competitions, he expects clapping from the audience till he completes his jump. [4]

(A) Why does Mohit expect the audience to clap till the end of his jump?
(B) Which body type is needed for a long jumper and why?
(C) Mention the types of motivation.
(D) Why is motivation important in sports?
Answer:
(A) Mohit expects the audience to clap till then end of his jump because he needs motivation to give his best performance.
(B) Mesomorph because they have enough strength, speed and agility due to which they can excel in sports which need great strength, short bursts of energy and lots of power.
(C) There are two types of motivation:

• Intrinsic or internal motivation
• Extrinsic or external motivation.

(D) The reason why motivation is important is that it is the only contributor to sports performance over which a person has control.

Section – E (15 Marks)

Question 34.
Prepare a fixture of 23 teams on the basis of league cum knockout tournament. [5]
Answer:
League cum knockout tournament fixture:
Steps Involved: Total number of teams: 23

Teams in each zone: \(\frac{23}{4}\)

League Method: Zone A: 6 teams

No. of matches: \(\frac{N(N-1)}{2}=\frac{6(6-1)}{2}\)

\(=\frac{20}{2}=15 \text { matches }\)

No of rounds: N-1 = 6-1 = 5 rounds

\(\begin{array}{|lllll|}
\hline R I & R I I & R I I I & R I V & R V \\
\hline 1-2 & & & & \\
1-3 & 2-3 & & & \\
1-4 & 2-4 & 3-4 & & \\
1-5 & 2-5 & 3-5 & 4-5 & \\
1-6 & 2-6 & 3-6 & 4-6 & 5-6 \\
\hline
\end{array}\)

Zone B: 6 teams

No. of matches: \(\begin{aligned}
\frac{\mathrm{N}(\mathrm{N}-1)}{2} &=\frac{6(6-1)}{2} \\
&=\frac{20}{2}=15 \text { matches }
\end{aligned}\)

No of rounds: N-1 = 6-1 = 5 rounds

\(\begin{array}{|lllll|}
\hline R I & R I I & R I I I & R I V & R V \\
\hline 1-2 & & & & \\
1-3 & 2-3 & & & \\
1-4 & 2-4 & 3-4 & & \\
1-5 & 2-5 & 3-5 & 4-5 & \\
1-6 & 2-6 & 3-6 & 4-6 & 5-6 \\
\hline
\end{array}\)

Zone B: 5 teams

No. of matches: \(\begin{aligned}
\frac{N(N-1)}{2} &=\frac{5(5-1)}{2} \\
&=\frac{20}{2}=10 \text { matches }
\end{aligned}\)

No of rounds: N-1 = 6-1 = 5 rounds
\(\begin{array}{|lllll|}
\hline R I & R I I & R I I I & R I V & R V \\
\hline 1-2 & & & & \\
1-3 & 2-3 & & & \\
1-4 & 2-4 & 3-4 & & \\
1-5 & 2-5 & 3-5 & 4-5 & \\
1-6 & 2-6 & 3-6 & 4-6 & 5-6 \\
\hline
\end{array}\)

Zone B: 6 teams

No. of matches:\(\frac{N(N-1)}{2}=\frac{5(5-1)}{2}\)=\(=\frac{20}{2}\)

No of rounds: N-1 = 6-1 = 5 rounds
\(\begin{array}{|llll|}
\hline R I & R I I & R I I I & R I V \\
\hline 1-2 & & & \\
1-3 & 2-3 & & \\
1-4 & 2-4 & 3-4 & \\
1-5 & 2-5 & 3-5 & 4-5 \\
\hline
\end{array}\)

Top 2 teams from each zone will be decided on the basis of point tally and will again be played on knockout basis.
Winner – 2 points; draw -1 point; lose – 0 point
Knockout method: Winner team from
Zone A: 1, 2
Zone B: 3, 4
Zone C: 5, 6
Zone D: 7, 8
No. ofteams: 8
No. of matches: N-l = 8- l = 7 matches
No. of rounds: 2*2*2 = 23 = 3 rounds
Teams in upper half: \(\frac{N}{2}=\frac{8}{2}=4 \text { teams }\)

Teams in lower half: \(\frac{N}{2}=\frac{8}{2}=4 \text { teams }\)

Question 35.
Describe various types of vitamins discussing their functions and sources. [5]
Answer:

Vitamins: Vitamins are an important nutritive component of food just like protein, carbohydrate and fats. They are very vital for healthy life. They protect us from various types of diseases and increase immunity power in our body against diseases. They do not provide energy, but help in repair and maintenance of various tissues. Vitamins are divided into two groups:

Fat soluble vitamins: These vitamins are easily dissolved in fat They come into our body through fats and they are stored in liver and fatty tissues. These vitamins are A, D, E and K.

(1) Vitamin A: Dr. McCollum discovered vitamin A. This vitamin is yellow in colour. This vitamin is needed for normal growth and development of eyes and skin. Night blindness and xeropthalmia are main diseases which are caused by the deficiency of vitamin A. This vitamin also has a negative effect on the kidneys, nervous system and digestive system.
Sources: Vitamin A is mainly found in ghee, milk, curd, egg yolk, fish, papaya, tomato, orange, green vegetables, spinach, carrot pumpkin, etc.

(2) Vitamin D: This vitamin is important for the formation of strong bones and teeth. This vitamin is also known as the sunshine vitamin, as sunlight provides this vitamin. Deficiency of this vitamin causes rickets, in which the bones of the children are deformed.
Sources: Sources ofvitamin ‘D’ are milk, butter, green vegetables, sunlight cod liver oil, tomato, carrot, egg yolk, fish, etc.

(3) Vitamin E This vitamin is important to protect the cell membrane and acts as antioxidant Its deficiency causes the death of the child in the womb of the mother, abortions and miscarriages happen when women lose their reproductive ability. This vitamin is also essential for proper function of adrenal and sex glands.
Sources: Rich sources of vitamin ‘E’ are wheat germ, nuts, vegetables oils, dark green leafy vegetables like spinach and . turnip, mustard, sweet potatoes sprout seeds, sunflower seeds, jams, etc.

(4) Vitamin K: Naturally produced by the bacteria in the intestine, vitamin K is very important for normal blood clotting. It also promotes good health of the bones. Its deficiency leads to excessive bleeding. Generally, blood continues to flow for longer time. The requirement of this vitamin is more for pregnant ladies. Its deficiency also causes anaemia.
Sources: This vitamin is mainly found in cauliflower, spinach, cabbage, tomato, potato, green vegetables, wheat, egg, meat, etc.

Water soluble vitamins: These vitamins are soluble in water. These vitamins cannot be stored in body. Hence, we need them from our food. They can be destroyed by over cooking. They are easily absorbed by the body and are easy to dissolve in water. They are made up of nitrogen and sulphur. The vitamin ‘B’ complex and vitamin C fall in this category.

Vitamin B complex: These are 12 vitamins under vitamin B complex. Important forms of vitamin B are stated below:

(1) Vitamin B or thiamin: This vitamin is also called thiamin. This is a colourless vitamin. Its taste is salty and smell is just like yeast It helps in metabolizing carbohydrates and maintains the health of the liver, kidneys, intestines, stomach, brain etc. Deficiency of vitamin B1 causes numerous ailments, such as headache, skin beat indigestion and Beriberi. Sources: Fruits, vegetables and dairy products.

(2) Vitamin B2 or riboflavin: This vitamin is usually destroyed in sunlight and in cooking food for a longer time. It is yellow in colour. It is very essential for keeping the eyes, nose, mouth, lips and tongue in a healthy state. Its deficiency causes stunted growth, unhealthy skin and inflamed eyes. Its deficiency also decreases immunity power of white blood corpuscles. Sources: This vitamin is mostly found in fruits, vegetables, meat, eggs, nuts and legumes seeds.

(3) Vitamin B3 or niacin: Its deficiency causes pellagra, in which skin sensitivity is lost and there is irritation over skin. Sources: Fruits, vegetables and .dairy products.

(4) Vitamin B5 or pantothenic Acid: The deficiency of this vitamin causes acne on face, depression, numbness, muscle cramps, fatigue, apathy and restlessness. Sources: Fresh fruits, vegetables, meat, fish, egg, yolk, yeast, rice, wheat, peas etc.

(5) Vitamin B6 or pyridoxine: The deficiency of this causes pediatric disease, weakness, confusion, insomnia, seizures, itchy skin, greasy and peeling skin. Sources: Vegetables seeds, legumes, fruits and nuts.

(6) Vitamin B7 or biotin: The deficiency of vitamin B7 causes hyperesthesia in children, skin inflammation, keratin fun activities, lack of appetite, anemia etc.

(7) Vitamin B9 or folic acid: Folic acid is tasteless, odourless and yellow in colour. Simple cooking can destroy this vitamin. It is very essential for reproduction, and growth and development of body. This vitamin is helpful in blood formation. The deficiency of folic acid may cause loss of bucocytes. Sources: Folic acid or vitamin B9 is found in spinach, liver and yeast.

(8) Vitamin B12: Its colour is red. This vitamin is usually destroyed in cooking for a longer time. Its deficiency may cause anaemia, paralysis, lack of power, retention power, and celiac disease.

(3) Vitamin C: This vitamin is required for maintenance of ligaments, tendon, blood vessels, capillary walls and delicate lining. It causes curvey, in which gums bleed. Its deficiency causes uncontrolled bleeding, delayed blood clotting, etc. Sources: Citrus fruits, orange, grapes, papaya, kiwi, strawberries, cabbage, spinach, turnip greens, sweet, white potatoes, etc. are rich sources of vitamin C.

Question 36.
Explain the strategies to make Physical Activities assessable for children with special need. [5]
Answer:
Strategies to make Physical Activities assessable for children with special need are as following:

Adaptive Education: Physical disabilities should not exclude students from participating in any sports activities. Depending on a student’s disability, adaptations can be done to suit the needs of the child. Physical activities such as swimming can provide great therapeutic benefits.

Rules as per the needs of Children: The rules of physical activities should be modified according to abilities of the children with special needs. Gradual progression from an easy set of rules to a relatively difficult one can be done over time. Modification such as extra chances, extra time to do an activity should be done. These help to encourage children to involve in the physical activities.

Encourage people with disabilities in decision making: It should also be ensured that people with disabilities are involved at all stages of planning and implementing community physical education programmes.

Provide Training, and Employment Opportunities: People with disabilities should be recruited for training and employment in field of leisure and sports. These people can further be involved in training more people to make physical activities accessible to as many children with special needs as possible.

Encourage Community Based Programs: Community based programs should be provided to meet the needs of children. It should be ensured that the environment and facilities conducive to being physically active are available and accessible to children with special needs such as offering safe, accessible and attractive trails for bicycling, walking and wheelchair activities.

Use Convenient Instructional Strategies: The use of different mediums of instruction leads to a better compliance and understanding in children. Various types of instructional strategies include; teaching amongst their peers etc This helps to make the child more independent in learning about the physical activity.

Developing of Volunteering services: A nationwide volunteering service for sport and physical activity for people with disabilities should be developed. This could be made possible through Local Sports Partnerships.

Regular Health checkups: Regular health checkups are important to understand about the type of disability of the child and thus help in deciding the physical activities which would be safe for the child. These can also help to document about the effect of physical activities on the physical and mental well-being of the child.

Equipment as per the Need: The equipment required for physical activities should be according to the needs of the children. If required, modification can be done to the equipment to make it more convenient for use.

Question 37.
Write a note on following:
(A) Arm curl test for upper body strength measurement.
(B) Back scratch test for upper body flexibility. [5]
Answer:
Arm curl test for upper body strength measurement: This test measures upper body strength and endurance of the senior citizens’. It is a part of senior fitness test Equipments required:
(1) 4 pound weight (women, APPHERD)
(2) 5 pound weight (women, SFT)
(3) 8 pound weight (for men)
(4) A chair without arm rests.
(5) Stopwatch

Administration oftest:
(1) The aim of the test is to do as many arm curls as possible in 30 seconds. This test is conducted on the stronger/dominant arm.
(2) The person sits on the chair, holding the dumb-bell/weight and the arm is vertically down, positioned beside the chair.
(3) Brace the upper arm against the body in such a position that only the lower arm is moving.
(4) Curl the arm through a full range ofmotion, gradually turning the arm up.
(5) As the arm is lowered through the full range of motion, return to the starting position.
(6) The arm must be fully bent and straightened at the elbow.
(7) Keep the upper arm stable throughout the test and don’t swing it.
(8) Repeat the curls for 30 seconds.
(9) The number of complete curl actions (up and down considered as one) is the final score. Back scratch test for upper body flexibility: The back scratch test assesses upper body flexibility, particularly shoulder flexibility. Shoulder flexibility is important for performing common tasks, like combing the hair, zipping a dress, wearing a headgear or, reaching for a seat belt It is designed to test the functional fitness of seniors.

Equipments required: Ruler or yardstick.
Administration of test:
(1) The test is done in standing position. One hand is placed behind the head over the shoulders and reaches as far as possible down the middle- of back, with the palm touching the body and fingers directed down.
(2) Place the other hand behind the back palm facing outward and fingers upward and reach up as far as possible, attempting to touch or overlap the middle fingers of both hands.
(3) The assistant measures the distance between the fingertips to the nearest inch.
(4) If the finger tips touch each other, then the score is 0.
(5) If they do not touch, measure the distance between the fingers as negative score.
(6) If they overlap, measure the distance as positive score.
(7) Try this test twice and consider the best score. Stop the test if the person experiences pain.