Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science with Solutions Set 10 are designed as per the revised syllabus.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 10 with Solutions

Time Allowed: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

All the questions are compulsory.

  1. Question numbers 1-12 are multiple choice questions of one mark each.
  2. Question numbers 13-18 are of 2 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 50 words each.
  3. Question numbers 19-23 are of 4 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 100 words each.
  4. Question numbers 24-26 are passage, cartoon and map-based questions. Answer accordingly.
  5. Question numbers 27-30 are of 6 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 170 words.

Section – A (12 Marks)

Question 1.
was the president of Cuba at the time of Cuban Missile Crisis. [1]
(A) Fidel Castro
(B) Raul Castro
(C) Vincent Castro
(D) Alice Castro
Answer:
(A) Fidel Castro

Explanation: Fidel Castro was the head of the communist government in Cuba at the time of the Cuban Missile crisis.

Question 2.
Which one of the following commissions was formed for the planned development of India, just after independence? [1]
(A) Election Commission
(B) Planning Commission
(C) Shah Commission
(D) NITI Aayog
Answer:
(B) Planning Commission

Explanation: The Planning Commission, is an institution of the Government of India which was established in 1950 to oversee the country’s economic and social development, chiefly through the formulation of five-year plans

Question 3.
Which of the following statements is correct? [1]
(A) India has maintained good relations with all post-communist countries.
(B) India’s relations with Russia are an important aspect of India’s foreign policy.
(C) Russia and India share a vision of a bipolar world order.
(D) Russia and India have collaborated on various scientific projects
Answer:
(C) Russia and India share a vision of a bipolar world order.

Explanation: India had no vision of the bipolar world and it was one of the founding members of the NAM as well.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 10 with Solutions

Question 4.
The Russian currency is _____. [1]
(A) Ruble
(B) Pounds
(C) Yen
(D) Dollars
Answer:
(A) Ruble

Explanation: The Russian currency is the ruble.

Assertion Reason Questions: Directions for Q.Nos. 5 and 6
In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read these statements and choose one correct answer from the given options
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A ancLR are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false, but R is true

Question 5.
Assertion (A): The ideology of Hindutava was first given by V.D. Savarkar.
Reason (R): The politics of BJP is based on this ideology. [1]
Answer:
(B) Both A ancLR are true and R is not the correct explanation of A

Explanation: The ideology of Hindutva was the brain child of V.D. Savarkar who fought for the independence of India. BJP was also inspired by this ideology.

Question 6.
Assertion (A): Many developed nations have adopted strict visa policies.
Reason (R): Developed nations wanted to restrict the immigration of foreign nationals so that there is less competition for jobs and resources in their nation. [1]
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Explanation: There are several developed nations of the world who have formulated the strict visa policies to restrict the entry of the foreign nationals which put burden on their resources.

Question 7.
The Indian Peace Keeping Force pulled out of _____ without attaining its objective. [1]
(A) Pakistan
(B) Bangladesh
(C) Myanmar
(D) Sri Lanka
Answer:
(D) Sri Lanka

Explanation: The IPKF of the Indian Peace Keeping Force were moved out of Sri Lanka before it could achieve the desired results

Question 8.
_____ is the single largest contributor of economic resources to the UN. [1]
(A) USA
(B) China
(C) Russia
(D) India
Answer:
(A) USA

Explanation: The United States of America is the single largest contributor of economic resources to the United Nations.

Question 9.
The person coined as ‘The Chief Architect of India’s Foreign Policy’ due to his contributions for NAM. [1]
(A) Jawahar Lai Nehru
(B) Sardar Patel
(C) B.R. Ambedkar
(D) V.P Singh
Answer:
(A) Jawahar Lai Nehru

Explanation: Jawahar Lal Nehru was the chief architect of the India’s foreign policy. His one of great initiatives was the NAM.

Question 10.
Who was the leader of ‘Congress for Democracy’? [1]
(A) J. P. Narayan
(B) Morarji Desai
(C) Ch. Charan Singh
(D) Jagjivan Ram
Answer:
(D) Jagjivan Ram

Explanation: “Congress for Democracy” saw its leadership in the name of Jagjivam Ram.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 10 with Solutions

Question 11.
The Right to Information Act was passed by the Parliament in the year _____. [1]
(A) 2004
(B) 2003
(C) 2005
(D) 2006
Answer:
(C) 2005

Explanation: The famous RTI act was passed in the year 2005 which gave powers to the common Indian citizen to inquire about the decisions of the government.

Question 12.
The group in Sri Lanka that demanded a separate state for the Tamils. [1]
(A) LTTE
(B) MNF
(C) NNC
(D) Al-Qaeda
Answer:
(A) LTTE

Explanation: The LTTE fought for the rights of the Tamil people and demanded a separate state for them.

Section – B (12 Marks)

Question 13.
When was ASEAN Regional Forum established? What was its main objective?
Answer:
ASEAN Regional Forum was established in 1994. The main objective of ARF was:
(i) To accelerate economic growth and achieve social progress and cultural development.
(ii) To promote regional peace and stability based on the rule of law and the principles of the United Nations.

Question 14.
Why is the Government of India suspicious of Pakistan? Give two reasons.
Answer:
Following are the two reasons:

  1. The Indian government blames the Pakistan Government for using a strategy of low-key violence by helping the Kashmiri militants with arms, training, money and protection to carry out terrorist strikes against India.
  2. The Indian Government also believes that Pakistan had aided the pro-Khalistani militants with arms and ammunitions during the period 1985-1995.

Question 15.
How was the reorganisation of North East India completed and by when?
Answer:
Reorganisation of the North East was almost completed in 1972. Meghalaya was carved out of Assam in 1972. Manipur and Tripura too emerged as separate states. The states of Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh came into being much later. Nagaland had become a state in 1963.

Question 16.
What were some of the reasons that was given by Jawahar Lai Nehru for declaring India as a secular state?
Answer:
The reasons given by Jawaharlal Nehru were:
At the time of partition, all the Muslims had not left India. Nehru wanted the Muslims who did not leave India to feel secure and equal to other citizens of the country. He was of the opinion that being citizens of India, Muslims must have equal democratic and fundamental opportunities.

Question 17.
What were some of the outcomes of the Indian model of mixed economy?
Answer:
Outcomes of the Indian Model of Mixed Economy: Much of the agriculture, trade and industry were left in private hands. The state controlled key heavy industries, provided industrial infrastructure, regulated trade and some crucial interventions in agriculture. This led to the growth of both private and public sector which became the basis for future development.

Question 18.
What was the state of Indian economy during the tenure of Prime Minister Lai Bahadur Shastri?
Answer:
The Indian economy had been stagnating in the previous few years. There had been a slowdown in the rate of industrial growth and the balance of payments problem had worsened. But, at that moment, the most serious problem was the severe shortage of food. Agricultural production had slowed down, there was severe drought in several states in 1965 and buffer food stocks were depleted to a dangerous extent.

Clearly, long-term measures were needed to deal with the situation. But those were not taken, particularly as the chief ministers of foodgrain surplus states refused to co-operate.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 10 with Solutions

Section – C (20 Marks)

Question 19.
Why was Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay opposed to the idea of Western Capitalist Individualism and Marxist Socialism? [4]
Answer:
Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya opposed both Western ‘Capitalist Individualism’ and ‘Marxist Socialism’. According to Deendayal Upadhyaya, capitalist and socialist ideologies only consider the needs of the human body and mind, so they are based on materialistic purpose whereas, spiritual development is considered equally important for the complete development of human being which is missing in both capitalism and socialism. Basing his philosophy on the internal conscience, pure human soul to be called Chhitti, Deendayal Upadhyaya envisaged a classless, casteless and conflict-free social system

Question 20.
How did India benefit from Globalization? [4]
Answer:
India benefitted in the following manner:
Shift from Import-Substitution to Export-Led Growth Strategy: The failure of import substitution strategy of industrial growth to achieve sustained growth forced India and other developing countries to pursue export-led growth strategy. It has been argued that by expanding exports to the other countries and getting required imports from them based on their respective comparative costs, developing countries will be able to achieve faster rate of economic growth.

Foreign Capital Inflows: The Globalization or integration of the Indian economy with the world economy is also beneficial because it would give a boost to foreign capital inflows in the form of portfolio investment and foreign direct investment.

Globalization and Transfer of Technology: Another benefit flowing from Globalization of the Indian economy is that it acts as a mechanism for the transfer of technology from the developed countries. Therefore, it is through Globalization of its economy that we will be able to get advanced technology from the developed countries. Globalization makes faster diffusion of new ideas and advanced technologies in the world. This will make possible for the developing countries like India to catch up the developed countries more quickly.

Increased Market Access: An important benefit of Globalization is increased market access. Free trade accompanying Globalization widens the markets for products of industries. This will lower unit cost of production and increase the competitiveness of manufactured products. Thus Globalization will ensure greater gain from trade.

Question 21.
Explain any four reasons for the dominance of the Congress Party in the first general elections in India. [4]
Answer:
Factors that contributed to the dominance of the Congress Party during the early years of independence.

Congress as a social and ideological coalition: It brought together diverse groups, whose interests were often contradictory. Peasants and industrialists, urban dwellers and villagers, workers and owners, middle, lower and upper classes and castes, all found space in the Congress. The Congress was transformed into a rainbow like social coalition broadly representing India’s diversity in terms of classes and castes, religions and languages and various interests.

Tolerance and management of factions: This coalition-like character of the Congress gave it an unusual strength. Firstly, a coalition accommodates all those who join it. Therefore, it has to avoid any extreme position and strike a balance on almost all issues. Secondly, in a party that has the nature of a coalition, there is a greater tolerance of internal differences and ambitions of various groups and leaders are accommodated.

Question 22.
Explain India’s Nuclear Policy. [4]
Answer:
The important features of India’s nuclear policy are:
(i) Not to first initiate the use of nuclear weapons in a war.
(ii) Pleaded nuclear disarmament with the world superpowers.
(iii) Opposed Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).
(iv) Conducted a peaceful explosion test in 1974 to demonstrate self-sufficiency in nuclear technology.

Question 23.
State the main issues in Indian politics in the period after 1989. What different configurations of political parties these differences led to? [4]
Answer:
The main issues in Indian politics in the period after 1989 were as follows:

  1. Rise of other Backward Class as a political force.
  2. Decision of the National Front government to implement the recommendations of the Mandal Commission and subsequent stir.
  3. Rise of Politics based on religious identity and debate about secularism and democracy.
  4. Demolation of Babri Masjid.
  5. Anti-Muslim riots in Gujarat.
  6. End of Congress dominance and beginning of era of coalition politics.

Section – D (12 Marks)

Question 24.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
India has supported the restructuring of the UN on several grounds. It believes that a strengthened and revitalised UN is desirable in a changing world. India also supports an enhanced role for the UN in promoting development and cooperation among states. India believes that development should be central to the UN’s agenda as it is a vital precondition for the maintenance of international peace and security.

One of India’s major concerns has been the composition of the Security Council, which has remained largely static while the UN General Assembly membership has expanded considerably. India considers that this has harmed the representative character of the Security Council. It also argues that an expanded Council, with more representation, will enjoy greater support in the world community. India supports an increase in the number of both permanent and non-permanent members.

Its representatives have argued that the activities of the Security Council have greatly expanded in the past few years. The success of the Security Council’s actions depends upon the political support of the international community. Any plan for restructuring of the Security Council should, therefore, be broad-based. For example, the Security Council should have more developing countries in it.
(i) According to India, how the development should be, if it is proposed by UN?
(A) Central to the UN’s agenda
(B) Central to the superpowers of the world
(C) Central to the developing nations
(D) All the above

(ii) What has been one of India’s major concerns in the UN?
(A) Ethnic Conflicts
(B) Refugee Crisis
(C) Reforms of the Security Council
(D) General Assembly

(iii) Where India suggests UN should include more countries to represent?
(A) In the Security Council
(B) In the General Assembly
(C) In UNESCO
(D) In ICJ

(iv) How, according to India, should be the plan for restructuring of the Security Council?
(A) Broad based
(B) Large scale
(C) More elaborative
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(i) (A) Central to the UN’s agenda
(ii) (C) Reforms of the Security Council
(iii) (A) In the Security Council
(iv) (A) Broad based

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 10 with Solutions

Question 25.
In the given political outline map of India, five states have been marked as (A), (B), (C) and (D). Identify these states on the basis of the information given below and write their correct names in your answer book along with their respective serial number of the information used and the concerned alphabets as per the following format.
(i) A state which was the protectorate of India but became 22nd state of Indian Union.
(ii) A state which is related with Article 370 of Indian Constitution.
(iii) A state where the Chipko Movement began.
(iv) A state which is highly affected by the Naxalites.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 10 with Solutions 25
Answer:
Corresponding Numbers Answers Corresponding alphabets
(i) Sikkim (D)
(ii) Jammu and Kashmir (A)
(iii) Uttarakhand (C)
(iv) West Bengal (B)

Question 26.
Study the given Map and answer the questions that follow:

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 10 with Solutions 26
(i) Which of the following incidents has been quoted as the ‘collapse of communism’?
(A) Gorbachev’s failure to get the desired results through his reforms
(B) Disintegration of the Soviet Union
(C) The Soviet Union had become stagnant in administration
(D) People were not satisfied with the Soviet System and government lost popular backing

(ii) Which one of the following countries was popular for its democratic capitalist system?
(A) United States of America
(B) Russia
(C) Cuba
(D) East Germany

(iii) Which group of two countries belonged to the ‘Second World’ countries?
(A) India and Pakistan
(B) Germany and Italy
(C) Russia and Ukraine
(D) China and Japan

(iv) Which one of the following was not a consequence of ‘shock therapy’?
(A) The rate of inflation rose high.
(B) The value of ‘Ruble’, the Russian currency, declined.
(C) The collective farm system got strengthened and food security was ensured.
(D) The old system of social welfare was systematically destroyed.
Answer:
(i) (B) Disintegration of the Soviet Union
(ii) (A) United States of America
(iii) (C) Russia and Ukraine
(iv) (C) The collective farm system got strengthened and food security was ensured.

Section – E (24 Marks)

Question 27.
What was the Earth Summit? How far has the Summit proved to be useful? Explain.
OR
Why have issues related to global environmental protection become the priority concern of states since the 1990s? [6]
Answer:
The Earth Summit was a conference on environment and development held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in June 1992. The focus of this conference was primarily on global environment and the relationship between economics, science and the environment in the political context.

It proves to be useful through following steps:

  • The Rio Summit produced conventions dealing with climate change, biodiversity, and forestry and recommended a list of development practices called ‘Agenda 21’.
  • The implementation of ‘Agenda 21’ was intended to involve action at international, national, regional and local levels.
  • There was unanimity on combining economic growth with ecological responsibility. This approach to development is commonly known as sustainable development.
  • However, some critics indicated that Agenda 21 was biased in favour of economic growth rather than ensuring ecological conservation.
  • Forest principles is an informal name given to the non-legally binding authoritative statement of principles for a global consensus on the management, conservation and sustainable development of all types of forests. It is a non legally binding document that makes several recommendations for conservation and sustainable development forestry. In 1994, the Montreal Process began as a result of the forest principles.

OR

Although, environmental concerns have along history, awareness of the environmental consequences of economic growth acquired an increasingly political character from the 1960s onwards. The Club of Rome published a book in 1972 titled Limits to Growth, dramatising the potential depletion of the Earth’s resources against the backdrop of rapidly growing world population. International agencies began holding international conferences and promoting detailed studies to get a more co-ordinated and effective response to environmental problems.

Since then, the environment has emerged as a significant issue of global politics. The growing focus on environmental issues within the arena of global politics was firmly consolidated at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in June 1992. This was also called the Earth Summit. The Summit was attended by 170 states, thousands of NGOs and many multinational corporations.

The Summit produced conventions dealing with climate change, biodiversity, forestry, and recommended a list of development practices called Agenda 21. But it left unresolved considerable differences and difficulties. There was a consensus on combining economic growth with ecological responsibility. This approach to development is commonly known as sustainable development.

Question 28.
Briefly explain two positive and two negative developments in Indo-Bangladesh relations.
OR
Evaluate any three major factors responsible for making the European Union a political force from being an economic force. [6]
Answer:
Two positive developments:
(i) Economic relations have been improving considerably in the last 10 years.
(ii) Bangladesh is the part of India’s ‘Look East Policy’ to link up Southeast Asia via Myanmar.
(iii) Both the countries have co-operated regularly on the issues of disaster management and environment.

Two negative developments:
(i) Difference over several issues including the sharing of the Ganga and Brahmaputra river waters.
(ii) India is unhappy on issues of denial of Bangladeshi immigrants into Indian territory, its support for the anti-Indian Islamic fundamentalist groups and Bangladesh’s refusal to allow Indian troops to move through its territory to North-eastern India.

OR

(i) The Council of Europe established in 1949 was a step forward in political cooperation.
(ii) European Economic Community in 1957 acquired a political discussion leading to creation of European Parliament.
(iii) Disintegration of Soviet Union put Europe on a fast track and resulted in the establishment of the European Union in 1992.
(iv) It has its own flag, anthem, founding date and currency.
(v) EU being the world’s biggest economy has its own political influence also.

Detailed Answer:
The Council of Europe established in 1949, was a step forward in political cooperation. The EU has political influence. Two members of the EU, Britain and France, hold permanent seats in the UN Security Council. The EU includes several non-permanent members of the UNSC. This has enabled the EU to influence some US policies such as the current US position on Iran’s nuclear programme.

Its use of diplomacy, economic investments, and negotiations rather than coercion and military force has been effective as in the case of its dialogue with China on human rights and environmental degradation. European Economic Community in 1957 acquired a political discussion leading to creation of European Parliament. It has its own flag, anthem, founding date and currency.

EU being the world’s biggest economy has its own political influence also. Its GDP is slightly larger than that of the United States. Its currency can pose a threat to the dominance of the US dollar. Its share of world trade is three times larger than that of the United States allowing it to be more assertive in trade disputes with the US and China. All these factors are responsible for making European Union a political force from being an economic force

Question 29.
Which social issues were brought to the attention of national media and Union government by the Anti-Arrack movement?.
OR
In 2014 elections, people have voted for a stable government at the center. Do you think that the era of coalition has ended? Support your answer with suitable arguments? [6]
Answer:
Anti-arrack movement was started against the consumption of alcohol (arrack) by men in Nellore (AP). This habit was affecting the physical and mental health of men. Women in Nellore rose together to protest against arrack and agitated for closure of wine shops. It was a movement that emerged due to domestic violence caused by consumption of Arrack.

It was against the habit of drinking which affected the rural economy. This movement emerged through the women who had enrolled in the adult literacy drive. This movement highlighted the issues of injustice and of gender inequalities. This movement demanded equal representation of women in politics.

OR

After independence, Congress party came in power. It ruled over the country as a democratic government till 1977. One after the other, the government was represented by Congress Prime Ministers like Jawahar Lal Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri and then Indira Gandhi. It was due to some political upheaval, a state of emergency was declared in 1975. During emergency, all the opposition leaders were jailed and their constitutional powers were ceased.

It made all the opposition leaders unite and form first united party in the name of Janata Party which came in power in 1997 in the General Elections held soon after the emergency. Though it could not last long, but it started a new concept of rule in India. One after the other, India saw many governments ruled by alliance group, except a few single-party-led governments.

But with the elections of 1989, a long phase of coalition politics began in India. Since then, there has been nine governments at the center all of which have either been coalition government or minority government supported by other parties which did not join the government. The National Front government in 1989, the United Front government in 1996 and 1997, the NDA government in 1997, 1998 and 1999 and then UPA government in 2004 and 2009 and again BJP-led NDA government in 2014 have been the coalition governments in India.

In none of these governments, any one single party had the number enough to form the government on its own. But in 2014, there was a change in the pattern. BJP could gain 284 seats in the Lok Sabha elections which was sufficient to form the government on its own as the minimum number of seats required was to only 272. But, as the election was fought with the pre-poll alliance by NDA led by BJP, so the present government was formed with Naredra Modi, the leader of BJP.

This election shows that people are turning to the single party government at the Center which may be stable. People have experienced the lack of stability, lack of policy decision and lack of proper development in the government ruled by the coalition group.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 10 with Solutions

Question 30.
What are some of the reforms proposed by the report of the UNCTAD which came out in the year 1972?
OR
Assess the role of the United Nations as the most important international organisation. [6]
Answer:
Proposed reforms by UNCTAD
To give LDCs control over their natural resources exploited by the developed western countries. To obtain access to western markets so that the LDCs could sell their products and, therefore make trade more beneficial for the poorer countries, and To reduce the cost of technology from the western countries, and To provide the LDCs with a greater role in international economic institutions.

OR

UN provides platform for discussing contentious issues and finding solutions. It helps member states to resolve their problems peacefully. There are certain issues which cannot be dealt individually by any one state. So states can come together to solve the issue. Helps to produce information and ideas about how to cooperate. Works for preventing the international conflict and to facilitate cooperation among members states.