Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science with Solutions Set 4 are designed as per the revised syllabus.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 4 with Solutions
Time Allowed: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80
General Instructions:
All the questions are compulsory.
- Question numbers 1-12 are multiple choice questions of one mark each.
- Question numbers 13-18 are of 2 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 50 words each.
- Question numbers 19-23 are of 4 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 100 words each.
- Question numbers 24-26 are passage, cartoon and map-based questions. Answer accordingly.
- Question numbers 27-30 are of 6 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 170 words.
Section – A (12 Marks)
Question 1.
Cuba was an ally of _____ during the Cold war. [1]
(A) USA
(B) Britain
(C) Soviet Union
(D) China
Answer:
(C) Soviet Union
Explanation: Cuba was a communist nation and an ally of the USSR which deployed its nuclear weapons there.
Question 2.
Warsaw Pact was created in the year _____. [1]
(A) 1953
(B) 1955
(C) 1957
(D) 1959
Answer:
(B) 1955
Explanation: The Warsaw Pact of 1955 was a counter to the formation of the NATO to keep the rise of capitalism in check.
Question 3.
What is the full form of ASEAN? [1]
(A) Association of South East Asian Nations
(B) Association of South East Nationalities
(C) Association of South Eastern Nationalities
(D) Association of South Empire Nations
Answer:
(A) Association of South East Asian Nations
Explanation: The full form of the ASEAN is Association of South East Asian Nations.
Question 4.
The Soviet Union came into existence in _____. [1]
(A) 1910
(B) 1917
(C) 1924
(D)1931
Answer:
(B) 1917
Explanation: The Soviet Union came into existence with the efforts of Vladimir Lenin in the year 1917.
Assertion Reason Questions: Directions for Q.Nos. 5 and 6
In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read these statements and choose one correct answer from the given options
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false, but R is true
Question 5.
Assertion (A): Sir Creek is an area in the Rann of Kutch.
Reason(R): This area has remained as a disputed territory between India and Pakistan. [1]
Answer:
(B) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation: The area of Sir Creek is present in the area of Rann of Kutch, and it has remained a point of contention between India and Pakistan.
Question 6.
Assertion (A): The four general flows of globalisation are capital, commodities, people and ideas.
Reason (R): Globalisation has led to an increase in cooperation among nations. [1]
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: The globalisation has led to easy flow of capital, commodities, people and ideas among the different parts of the world.
Question 7.
Which of these countries is not covered in South Asia? [1]
(A) Bangladesh
(B) Nepal
(C) China
(D) Bhutan
Answer:
(C) China
Explanation: China is not a part of the South Asian nations as it is present in the East Asian region.
Question 8.
Pakistan faced the Bangladesh crisis during the military rule of _____. [1]
(A) Yahya Khan
(B) Liaqat Ali Khan
(C) Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto
(D) Benazir Bhutto
Answer:
(A) Yahya Khan
Explanation: During the 1971, the East Pakistan was undergoing political crisis and at that time Pakistan was under the control of the military rule of Yahya Khan.
Question 9.
Name the leader who is the founder of PPP and is titled as Quaid-i-Awam. [1]
(A) Ziaur Rehman
(B) Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto
(C) Mujibur Rehman
(D) Nawaz Sharif
Answer:
(B) Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto
Explanation: The founder of the Pakistan’s People’s Party was Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and he also received the title of Quaid-i-Awam.
Question 10.
Which of these is a traditional notion of security? [1]
(A) Military threats
(B) Terrorism
(C) Poverty
(D) Human security
Answer:
(A) Military threats
Explanation: Military threats come under the traditional notion of security as it brings direct danger to the nation.
Question 11.
Which of these was the only political party in opposition during the first general elections? [1]
(A) Bhartiya Janta Party
(B) Jan Sangh
(C) National Communist Party
(D) Communist Party of India
Answer:
(D) Communist Party of India
Explanation: The first general elections of India saw the opposition from the Communist Party of India.
Question 12.
The National Emergency was declared in June 1975 under Article _____ of the Constitution. [1]
(A) Article 356
(B) Article 352
(C) Article 360
(D) Article 365
Answer:
(B) Article 352
Explanation: The Constitution of India has the provision for the imposition of emergency under Article 352 of the Constitution.
Section – B (12 Marks)
Question 13.
What was the view of the US supporters regarding the dropping of the atomic bombs? [2]
Answer:
US supporters had argued that the dropping of the atomic bombs was necessary to end the war quickly and to stop further loss of America and Allied nations. The war would have continued for two more years if the bombs would not have been dropped
as Japan was not ready to surrender.
Question 14.
What was the main reason for the revival of economies of the most of the former Soviet Republics? [2]
Answer:
The reason for the revival of the economies of the most of the former Soviet Republics was the export of natural resources like oil, natural gas and minerals. Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan are major oil and gas producers. Other countries have gained because of the oil pipelines that cross their territories for which they get rent. Some amount of manufacturing was also started in these nations that contributed in economic development.
Question 15.
What were the fears of the tribal population of Orissa and environmentalists about setting up industries in tribal areas? [2]
Answer:
These iron resources lie in the most underdeveloped and predominant tribal districts. Tribal people feared that the setting up of the industries would mean displacement of home and livelihood. The environmentalists feared that mining and industry would pollute the environment.
Question 16.
Who was Deng Xiaoping? What was his impact on China? [2]
Answer:
Deng Xiaoping: He was a Chinese revolutionary and statesman. He was the paramount leader of the People’s Republic of China from 1978, until his retirement in 1989. After Chairman Mao Zedong’s death, Deng led his country through far-reaching market-economy reforms. While Deng never held office as the head of state, head of government or General Secretary (that is, the leader of the Communist Party), he nevertheless, was responsible for economic reforms and an opening to the global economy.
Question 17.
Discuss the concept of cultural homogenisation? [2]
Answer:
Cultural homogenisation is an aspect of cultural globalisation. It refers to the reduction in cultural diversity through the popularisation and diffusion of a wide array of cultural symbols like customs, ideas and values. The impact of the western culture on the rest of the world is the best example of cultural homogenisation.
Question 18.
What were some of the objectives for the establishment of the National Development Council? [2]
Answer:
The National Development has been set up with four objectives:
(i) To secure cooperation of the states in the execution of the plan.
(ii) To strengthen and mobilise the effort and resources of the nation in support of the plan.
(iii) To promote common economic policies in all vital spheres.
(iv) To ensure the balanced and rapid development of all parts of the country.
Section – C (20 Marks)
Question 19.
Describe the events of the ‘First Gulf War’. [4]
Answer:
Events of the First Gulf War:
In August 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait and occupied it by annexing it. After the diplomatic attempt failed, UN-mandated liberation of Kuwait by force. US President George H.W. Bush hailed the emergence of New World Order. Massive coalition force of 660,000 troops from 34 countries fought against Iraq and defeated it. Iraqi President Saddam Hussain was quickly defeated and forced to withdraw from Kuwait.
Question 20.
What is meant by Veto Power? Which countries enjoy this power and why? [4]
Answer:
Veto Power is the power of a country in taking decisions regarding the Security Council proceeds by voting. All members have one vote. However, the permanent members can vote in a negative manner so that even if all the permanent and non-permanent members vote for a particular decision,any permanent member’s negative vote can stall the decision. The negative vote is called Veto Power.
Countries that enjoy Veto Power are:
(i) USA
(ii) UK
(iii) Russia
(iv) France
(v) China
Question 21.
“Non-Aligned Movement has become irrelevant today.”Do you agree with this statement? Give any three suitable arguments to support your answer. [4]
Answer:
Non-alignment, as the name suggests, means a decision of not associating oneself with any group. This policy was of great relevance till the cold war. But when the cold war ended, and with the collapse of Soviet Union the world order started to change.
- The world since the cold war has had wide ranging impact on global politics. With the disappearance of Bipolar system followed by unipolarity and now with changing nature of power and power relations, with the rise of India, China and other powers, the world is moving towards multi-polarity. Thus, it has posed a new fundamental question of ‘non-alignment against whom’?
- Today, in the era of liberalisation and globalisation, the world has become a unified society where all nations depend on each other for trade and commerce. The world has become cosmopolitan and a country cannot survive if it follows the ‘policy of isolation’ or ‘policy of noninterference’. In such a scenario, relevance of NAM is often questioned.
- Even though the goals of NAM have changed since its formation, it cannot be said to occupy the same position in the international society as it enjoyed earlier. Today it is more focused on’ economic issues, issues like terrorism and health. Moreover, there is practically nothing innovative or fruitful regarding its meeting and conferences. NAM summits are merely a repetition of the resolutions of the UN and its agencies. Thus, the scheduling of regular summit meetings and increasing membership of NAM cannot be considered any evidence of its relevance.
Question 22.
How did the United Nations come into existence? [4]
Answer:
The UN was established in 1945 after the Second World War, as a successor to the League of Nations. The UN was set up through signing of the United Nations Charter by 51 states. The UN’s objective is to prevent international conflict and facilitate cooperation among states. In the UN General Assembly, all members have one vote each. In the UN Security Council, there are five permanent members.
Question 23.
Trace the emergence of BJP as a significant force in post-emergency politics. [4]
Answer:
The emergence of BJP as a significant force in post emergency politics has been described below:
After the fall of the Janata Party and its break-up, the supporters of erstwhile Jana Sangh formed the BJP in 1980. BJP earlier embraced ‘Gandhian socialism’ as its ideology, but could not get much success in the elections held in 1980 and 1984. But after 1986, the party began to emphasise the Hindu nationalist elements in its ideology.
The BJP was able to consolidate its position in 1989 elections. The party won 121 seats in 1991 and 160 seats in 1996 elections. It was the largest party in 1996 elections. With the formation of NDA, BJP remained in power from March 1998 to October 1999 and again from October 1999 to May 2004 under the leadership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The BJP swept the general elections of 2014 and 2019. The results brought about unpredicted victory of the BJP, which surprised all political analysts.
Section – D (12 Marks)
Question 24.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: [4]
On the eve of Independence, India had before it, two models of modern development: the liberal-capitalist model as in much of Europe and the US and the socialist model as in the USSR. There were many in India then, who were deeply impressed by the Soviet model of development. These included not just the leaders of the Communist Party of India, but also those of the Socialist Party and leaders like Nehru within the Congress. There were very few supporters of the American style capitalist development.
As in the USSR, the Planning Commission of India opted for Five Year Plans (FYP). The idea is very simple: The Government of India prepares a document that has a plan for all its income and expenditure for the next five years. Accordingly, the budget of the Central and all the State governments is divided into two parts: ‘non-plan’ budget that is spent on routine items on a yearly basis and ‘plan’ budget that is spent on a five-year basis as per the priorities fixed by the plan.
A five-year plan has the advantage of permitting the government to focus on the larger picture and make long-term intervention in the economy. The draft of the First Five Year Plan and then the actual Plan Document, released in December 1951, generated a lot of excitement in the country.
(i) Which two models of modern development did India follow?
(A) Liberal-capitalist and Socialist
(B) Liberal and Capitalist
(C) Socialist and Communist
(D) None of the above
(ii) Which model had the least supporters in India?
(A) USSR
(B) Liberal
(C) Capitalist
(D) Socialist
(iii) In what two parts, the budget is divided?
(A) Planned and Semi planned budget
(B) Planned and non-planned budget
(C) Planned and reserved budget
(D) None of the above
(iv) When was the draft of the first five-year plan released?
(A) November 1950
(B) December 1950
(C) October 1951
(D) December 1951
Answer:
(i) (A) Liberal-capitalist and Socialist
(ii) (C) Capitalist
(iii) (B) Planned and non-planned budget
(iv) (D) December 1951
Question 25.
In the given outline map of the World, five countries have been shown as A, B, C and D. With the help of the information given below, identify these countries and write their correct names along with the serial number of the information used and the related alphabet as per the following format in your answer book. [4]
(i) The country where Montreal Protocol was signed in 1987.
(ii) This country is of the view that the major responsibility of curbing gas emissions rests with the developed countries.
(iii) This country is known for its forest movements.
(iv) This first anti-dam movement aimed to save the Franklin River and its surrounding forests was launched in this country.
Answer:
(i) Canada (C)
(ii) India (D)
(iii) Mexico (B)
(iv) Australia (A)
Question 26.
Study the given Cartoon and answer the questions that follow: [4]
(i) At the most simple level, globalisation results in an erosion of
(A) political capacity
(B) state capacity
(C) capital capacity
(D) global capacity
(ii) What is given way recently by the old “welfare state”?
(A) More minimalist state
(B) More capitalist state
(C) More socialist state
(D) More democratic state
(iii) What this new state withdraws as a result of globalisation?
(A) Many of its ethics for the welfare of human race
(B) The ideal world order
(C) Many of its earlier welfare functions directed at economic and social well-being.
(D) All the above
(iv) The increase in the MNCs all over the world has resulted in _____.
(A) the governments’ inability to cater to their needs.
(B) the capacity of the nations to incorporate these MNCs.
(C) poverty to the population where these companies are set up.
(D) reduction in the capacity of governments to take decisions on their own.
Answer:
(i) (B) state capacity
(ii) (A) More minimalist state
(iii) (C) Many of its earlier welfare functions directed at economic and social well-being.
(iv) (D) reduction in the capacity of governments to take decisions on their own.
Section – E (24 Marks)
Question 27.
Write a note on Prime Ministerial tenure of Lai Bahadur Shastri.
OR
Examine the challenges of political succession after the death of Jawaharlal Nehru. [6]
Answer:
Lai Bahadur Shastri was unopposed and unanimously chosen as the leader of Congress Parliamentary Party and became the second Prime Minister of India (1964-1966). Prior to becoming Prime Minster, he was a cabinet member for three years and belonged to the state of Uttar Pradesh. India faced the aftereffects of the economic crisis that arose during the Sino Indian War of 1962. India defeated Pakistan under his courageous leadership in 1965.
His tenure also witnessed many droughts and famines making the lives of the farmers miserable. This led to the criticism of his slogan ‘Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan’ as the problems of the farmers remained unsolved. He passed away while his visit to Tashkent (erstwhile USSR) to sign peace treaty with Pakistan.
OR
The decade of 1960s is referred to as the ‘dangerous decade’ in Indian politics. The reasons for this being no solutions found for poverty, inequality, regionalism, communalism, etc. The disintegration of country and disintegration of democracy were looking as the likely events. Political instability arose after demise of Jawaharlal Nehru, with two questions in place:
(i) ‘Who after Nehru?’
(ii) ‘What after Nehru?’
Lai Bahadur Shastri was without opposition and unanimously chosen as the leader of Congress Parliamentary Party and became the second Prime Minister of India (1964-1966). Prior to becoming Prime Minster, he was a cabinet member for three years and belonged to the state of Uttar Pradesh. India faced the after effects of the economic crisis that arose during the Sino-Indian War of 1962. India defeated Pakistan under his courageous leadership in 1965.
His tenure also witnessed many droughts and famines making the lives of the farmers miserable. This led to the criticism of his slogan ‘Jai Jawan Jai Kisan’ as the problems of the farmers remained unsolved. He passed away while his visit to Tashkent (erstwhile USSR) to sign peace treaty with Pakistan. The untimely demise of Shastri created leadership crisis again in Congress.
This time the leadership was contested by two- Indira Gandhi and Morarji Desai. After holding elections by secret ballot, Indira Gandhi was elected as the next leader of the Congress party. This transition is referred to as ‘Sign of Maturity of India’s Democracy’.
Question 28.
Discuss the effects of Emergency on the following aspects of our polity :
(i) Effect on civil liberties for citizens.
(ii) Impact on relationship between the Executive and Judiciary.
(iii) Functioning of Mass Media.
(iv) Working of Police and Bureaucracy.
OR
What do you know about the ‘Third democratic Upsurge’? [6]
Answer:
(i) There were mass arrests on the grounds of Preventive Detention. The arrests could not be challenged in any court of law. There were no reasons given for arrests of the so called suspects.
(ii) There were many new changes incorporated through Amendment 42 of the Constitution. The role of Supreme Court was curbed to some extent. The Court could not challenge the elections of President of India, Vice President of India and Prime Minister of India. It also gave the power to the government for postponement of elections in situations of Emergency.
(iii) The powers of media were curtailed by imposition of press censorship. There was ban on protests, strikes, agitations, etc. Fundamental Rights were curtailed and suspended. Many eminent Padma Bhushan and Padma Vibhushan awardees returned their titles. Some prominent newspapers like Indian Express protested by leaving blank space at places where news were censored.
(iv) It is a combination of restriction on civil liberties of the people along with tension between the government and the judiciary.
OR
The era of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization from the early 1990s is attributed to the emergence of a competitive market society encompassing all important sectors of economy, society and polity, thus, paving way for the ‘Third Democratic Upsurge’. The Third Democratic Upsurge represents a competitive electoral market which is based not on the principle of survival of the best but rather the survival of the ablest.
It underlines three shifts in India’s electoral market: from State to Market, from Government to Governance, from State as Controller to State as Facilitator. Moreover, the Third Democratic Upsurge seeks to promote the participation of the youth who constitute a significant chunk of Indian society and have emerged as the real game changers in view of their increasing electoral preference for both development and governance in India’s contemporary democratic politics.
Question 29.
Describe the issues associated with the anti-arrack movements in Andhra Pradesh which drew the attention of the
entire country.
OR
Describe how the Anti-Arrack Campaigns contributed a great deal in increasing overall social awareness about women’s questions. [6]
Answer:
- Anti-arrack movement was started against the consumption of alcohol (arrack) by men in Nellore (AP). This habit was affecting the physical and mental health of men.
- Women in Nellore rose together to protest against arrack and agitated for the closure of wine shops.
- It was a movement that emerged due to domestic violence caused by the consumption of arrack.
- It was against the habit of drinking which affected the rural economy.
- This movement emerged through the women who had enrolled in the adult literacy drive.
- This movement highlighted the issues of injustice and of gender inequalities.
- This movement demanded equal representation of women in politics.
- Any other relevant point.
OR
Anti-Arrack Campaigns:
Women’s groups working on issues of domestic violence, the custom of dowry, sexual abuse at work and public places were active mainly among urban middle-class women in different parts of the country. Focus of the women’s movement gradually shifted from legal reforms to social issues. As a result, the movement made demands for equal representation of women in politics during the nineties. We know that 73rd and 74th amendments have granted reservations to women in local level political offices.
Demands for extending similar reservations in State and Central legislatures have also been made. A Constitution Amendment Bill to this effect has been proposed but has not received enough support from the parliament yet. The main opposition to the bill has come from groups, including some women’s groups, who are insisting on a separate quota for Dalit and OBC women within the proposed women’s quota in higher political offices.
Question 30.
What are some of the causes that led to the ethnic conflict in the state of Sri Lanka?
OR
Discuss in detail about the several events that have taken place in the democratisation of Nepal? [6]
Answer:
The four causes of ethnic conflict were:
- The bone of contention was the region of Ceylon which was represented by the majority Sinhala group. They opposed the migration and settlements of Tamilians from India in their region.
- According to the group, Sri Lanka was only for Sinhala people and not for Tamils. This attitude of Sinhala people led to the establishment of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), a militant organisation, which desired for a separate country.
- There was a pressure on the Government of India by the Tamils of Indian origin to intervene in the matter. Hence, the Government of India tried to negotiate with the Government of Sri Lanka on Tamil question. But direct involvement was in the year 1987. India conceded to send troops to Sri Lanka for the preservation of relations between Tamils and Sri Lanka Government. Eventually, the Indian troops got into a fight with LTTE.
- The presence of Indian troops was not liked by many Sri Lankans and hence in 1989, the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) pulled out of Sri Lanka without attaining its objective.
OR
Nepal used to be a Hindu kingdom in the earlier period followed by a constitutional monarchy in the modern period for many years. The pro-democracy movements forced the king to allow new democratic Constitution in 1990. But it had a short and troubled career. There was a huge influence of Maoists in many parts of Nepal who believed in armed insurrection against the monarch and the ruling elite. Hence, a triangular conflict among the Monarchist forces, the democrats and the Maoists took place for some time.
The Parliament was abolished and the government was dismissed by the king in 2002. Again in 2006, the king was forced to restore the House of Representatives after a massive country wide pro-democracy protests. The Constituent Assembly was formed to write the Constitution for Nepal. The Constitution has come into effect with some amendment process going on.