Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science with Solutions Set 6 are designed as per the revised syllabus.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 6 with Solutions

Time Allowed: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions :

All the questions are compulsory.

  1. Question numbers 1-12 are multiple choice questions of one mark each.
  2. Question numbers 13-18 are of 2 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 50 words each.
  3. Question numbers 19-23 are of 4 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 100 words each.
  4. Question numbers 24-26 are passage, cartoon, and map-based questions. Answer accordingly.
  5. Question numbers 27-30 are of 6 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 170 words.

Section – A (12 Marks)

Question 1.
The Eastern Alliance was committed to the ideology of_______ [1]
(A) Capitalism
(B) Communism
(C) Liberalism
(D) Fascism
Answer:
(B) Communism

Explanation: The Eastern Alliance which was led by the Soviet Union was committed to the ideology of communism.

Question 2.
Why J.C. Kumarappa supported the plan of industrialization of rural areas? [1]
(A) For the ground-level development
(B) To help the poor
(C) To escape the vicious circle of poverty
(D) To boost up the economy
Answer:
(A) For the ground-level development

Explanation: The plan of industrialization for the rural areas was supported by J.C. Kumarappa as he wanted development should reach the ground level in the country.

Question 3.
Which of these organizations was established under the Marshall Plan? [1]
(A) ASEAN
(B) OPEC
(C) OEEC
(D) UNESCO
Answer:
(C) OEEC

Explanation: The OEEC was established under the objectives and for the implementation of the provisions under the Marshall Plan.

Question 4.
What was the slogan of Indira Gandhi during the elections of 1971? [1]
(A) Garibi Bhagat
(B) Garibi Hatao
(C) Garibi Miao
(D) Garibi Maro
Answer:
(B) Garibi Hatao

Explanation: Indira Gandhi fought the elections of 1971 with the slogan Garibi Hatao which led to her large-scale popularity.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 6 with Solutions

Assertion Reason Questions: Directions for Q.No. 5 and 6 In the question given below, There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read these statements and choose one correct answer from the given options
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false, but R is true

Question 5.
Assertion (A): Congress dominated national and state politics during the first three elections.
Reason (R): Congress has a very strong legacy due to the national movement. [1]
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Explanation: The first three general elections in India saw the complete dominance of Congress in the polls which was primarily due to the strong legacy of its independence movement.

Question 6.
Assertion (A): There was tension between the government and judiciary in India since 1967.
Reason (R): Several legislations of the government were neutralised by the Supreme Court. [1]
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Explanation: The executive and the judiciary were undergoing a phase of conflict and tension as several executive decisions were declared void by the Supreme Court.

Question 7.
After the First World War, the_______was box to avoid war [1]
(A) United Nations
(B) NATO
(C) League of Nations
(D) ICJ
Answer:
(C) League of Nations

Explanation: To maintain peace between the nations of the world after World War I, the decision to establish the League of Nations took place.

Question 8.
Which was a Sultanate until till1968 when it was transformed into a republic with a presidential form of government. [1]
(A) Maldives
(B) Pakistan
(C) India
(D) Sri Lanka
Answer:
(A) Maldives

Explanation: Maldives was a Sultanate till the year 1968 and after that, it got converted into a presidential form of government.

Question 9.
The majority system in which the candidate who gets the maximum votes is declared the winner is called_______. [1]
(A) First Past the Post System
(B) Ballot System
(C) Caucus System
(D)None of the above
Answer:
(A) First Past the Post System

Explanation: In the first past the post system the individual obtaining the maximum votes is declared as the winner of the elections.

Question 10.
Which of the following individuals drafted the first five-year plan? [1]
(A) K.N. Raj
(B) PC. Mahalanobis
(C) K.C. Neogy
(D) Jawahar Lai Nehru
Answer:
(A) K.N. Raj

Explanation: The draft of the first five-year plan which focused on agriculture as well as an industry was drafted by K.N. Raj.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 6 with Solutions

Question 11.
Which of these events took place in 1965? [1]
(A) Sino-India War
(B) Indo-Pak War
(C) Cold War
(D) Second World War
Answer:
(B) Indo-Pak War

Explanation: The year 1965 witnessed the second war between India and Pakistan in which India defeated Pakistan.

Question 12.
_______was a protest movement by the locals against the proposed multi-purpose dam. [1]
(A) Narmada Bachao Andolan
(B) Godavari Bachao Andolan
(C) Krishna Bachao Andolan
(D) Ganga Bachao Andolan
Answer:
(A) Narmada Bachao Andolan.

Explanation: Narmada Bachao Andolan was started by the people of Gujarat against the construction of the Sardar Sarovar Dam which would have resulted in the rehabilitation of a large number of people.

Section – B (12 Marks)

Question 13.
How India and Russia are beneficial to each other? [2]
Answer:
Russia helped India on issues like Kashmir, energy supplies, and sharing information on international terrorism. Russia stands to benefit from India because India is the second-largest arms market for Russia.

Question 14.
What is globalisation? Highlight any three causes of globalization. [2]
Answer:
Globalization is the integration of an economy with other economies along with the free flow of trade and capital. The process of globalization is the result of:

  • Historical factors.
  • Role of international organizations like IMF and WTO which facilitate international trade.
  • Liberalization and Privatisation increase foreign investments in the country.
  • Technological innovations.

Question 15.
Differentiate between the main objectives of the First and Second Five-Year Plans. [2]
Answer:
The main points of difference are:
The First Plan focused on land reforms in rural areas, whereas the Second Plan focused on industrialization in rural areas. The First Plan focused on the slow but steady growth of National Income, whereas the Second Plan focused on rapid industrialization for the overall growth of the economy.

Question 16.
Give two measures for the improvement of the relationship between India and Pakistan. [2]
Answer:
Measures to improve relations with Pakistan:

  • People-to-people contact can be encouraged.
  • Trade should be encouraged.
  • Negotiations to be held to resolve various issues of conflict.
  • Visas to be given more freedom.
  • Confidence-building measures should be undertaken to reduce the risk of war.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 6 with Solutions

Question 17.
Discuss the concept of Human Security. [2]
Answer:
Human Security means the protection of the people more than the protection of states. The proponents of human security argue that the primary aim of the state is the protection of individuals. According to them, the concept of human security should include hunger, diseases, and natural disasters as they kill even more people than war. Thus, human security should protect people from these threats, as well as, from violence and war.

Question 18.
What are commons and global commons resources? [2]
Answer:
Commons’ are those resources that are not owned by anyone, but rather shared by a community. ‘Global commons’ refer to the areas or regions which require common governance by the international community on major problems of ecological issues like the discovery of the ozone hole over Antarctica, the Earth’s atmosphere, and the ocean floor associated with technology and industrial development.

Section – C (20 Marks)

Question 19.
Discuss the issue of Babri Masjid in detail. [4]
Answer:
The Faizabad District Court in February 1986 ordered that the Babri Masjid premises be unlocked so that Hindus could offer prayers at the site which they considered as a temple. A dispute had been going on for many decades over the mosque known as Babri Masjid at Ayodhya.

The Babri Masjid was a sixteenth-century mosque in Ayodya and was built by Mir Baqi-Mughal emperor Babur’s General. Some Hindus believe that it was built after demolishing a temple for Lord Rama in what is believed to be his birthplace. The dispute took the form of a court case and has continued for many decades.

In the late 1940s, the mosque was locked up as the matter was with the court. As soon as the locks of the Babri Masjid were opened, mobilization began on both sides. Many Hindu and Muslim organizations tried to mobilize their communities on this question. Suddenly this local dispute became a major national question and led to communal tensions.

Question 20.
It is said that the nation is to a large extent an “imagined community” held together by common beliefs, history, political aspirations, and imaginations. Identify the features that make India a nation. [4]
Answer:
The various features that make India a nation are:
Unity in Diversity on account of religion, customs, languages, cultures, faiths, etc. Granting Fundamental Rights uniformly to all citizens of India irrespective of their caste, creed, culture, religion, sex, etc. Similar democratic set-up and election procedures across the country.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 6 with Solutions

Question 21.
In spite of the decline of Congress’s dominance, the Congress party continues to influence politics in the country. Do you agree? Give reasons. [4]
Answer:
In the late 1960s, the dominance of the Congress party was challenged, but the Congress under the leadership of Indira Gandhi, managed to reestablish its predominant position in politics. The defeat of the Congress party in 1989, marked an end of Congress’s dominance over the Indian party system. But the Congress continued to influence politics in the country. The 1990s saw yet another challenge to the predominant position of Congress.

It improved performance and came back to power after the general elections in 1991. It also supported the United Front Government. In 1996, the Left Front continued to support the Non-Congress government but this time Congress supported it as both Congress and the Left wanted to keep BJP out of power. Thus, Congress remained an important party and ruled the country more than any other party even during the period since 1989. But, it lost the kind of centrality it earlier enjoyed in the party system.

Question 22.
Mention any four significant changes in Indo- China relations that have taken place after the Cold War. [4]
Answer:
Changes in Indo-China relations after the Cold War are:
The relations since then have strategic as well as economic dimensions. Both view themselves as rising power in global politics. Bilateral trade between India and China has increased. Both countries have agreed to cooperate with each other.

Question 23.
State the two main expectations on the basis of which the United Nations was formed in 1945. Mention any two organs and agencies of the UN. [4]
Answer:
The two main expectations on the basis of which the United Nations was formed in 1945 were:
It was formed with the objective to prevent international conflicts and facilitating cooperation among the states. It was formed so that it could act to stop the conflicts between the states from escalating into war. In case a war breaks out it will mediate to limit the extent of hostilities.
Two organs of UN are:
(A) The UN Security Council
(B) The International Court of Justice
The two agencies of UN are:
(A) United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
(B) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)

Section – D (12 Marks)

Question 24.

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: [4]

The first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru played a crucial role in setting the national agenda. He was also the Foreign Minister. Thus, both as the Prime Minister and the Foreign Minister, he exercised profound influence in the formulation and implementation of India’s foreign policy from 1946 to 1964.

The three major objectives of Nehru’s foreign policy were to preserve the hard-earned sovereignty, protect the territorial integrity and promote rapid economic development. Nehru wished to achieve these objectives through the strategy of non-alignment. There were, of course, parties and groups in the country that believed that India should be friendlier with the bloc led by the US because that bloc claimed to be pro-democracy.

Among those who thought along these lines were leaders like Dr. Ambedkar. Some political parties, which were opposed to communism, also wanted India to follow a pro-US foreign policy. These included the Bharatiya Jan Sangh and later the Swatantra Party. But Nehru possessed considerable leeway in formulating foreign policy.
(i) Who was the Foreign Minister during the time of Pt. Nehru?
(A) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
(B) Sardar Patel
(C) Nehru himself
(D) Jaya Prakash Narayan
(ii) What were the three major objectives of Nehru’s foreign policy?
(A) To preserve the hard-earned sovereignty protect the territorial integrity and promote rapid economic development.
(B) Non-alignment policy cordial relations with the countries of South Asia only and military expansion to other nations.
(C) To increase imports, motivate foreign investment, and encourage MNCs to set up in India.
(D) None of the above
(iii) Which of the following leaders were in favor of supporting the US bloc?
(A) Sardar Patel
(B) Ambedkar
(C) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
(D) All of these
(iv) What was the nature of the policy of the US bloc?
(A) Pro-Democratic
(B) Pro-capitalist
(C) Pro-liberalist
(D) All of these
Answer:
(i) (C) Nehru himself
(ii) (A) To preserve the hard-earned sovereignty protect the territorial integrity and promote rapid economic development.
(iii) (B) Ambedkar
(iv) (D) All of these

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 6 with Solutions

Question 25.
In the given political outline map of India, five states have been marked as (A), (B), (C) and (D).
Identify these states on the basis of the information given below and write their correct names in your answer book along with their respective serial number of the information used and the concerned alphabets as per the following format. [4]
(i) A state which was the protectorate of India but became the 22nd state of the Indian Union.
(ii) A state which is related to Article 370 of the Indian Constitution.
(iii) A state where the Chipko Movement began.
(iv) State where operation Blue Star was launched

Sr. Number for the
information used
Alphabet concerned Name of the state
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 6 with Solutions

Corresponding Numbers Answers Corresponding alphabets
(i) Sikkim B
(ii) Jammu and Kashmir A
(iii) Uttarakhand C
(iv) Punjab D

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 6 with Solutions

Question 26.
Study the given Cartoon and answer the questions that follow: [4]

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 6 with Solutions 1

(i) Why was there pressure on Indian Tamils to protect and safeguard the interests of Tamil living in Sri Lanka?
(A) Because Tamils living in Sri Lanka share the same ethnicity as Indian Tamils.
(B) Because the conflict in Sri Lanka involves people of Indian origin.
(C) Because Tamils from Sri Lanka are the ancestors of Indian Tamils.
(D) All of the above
(ii) When did the government of India directly get involved in the conflict in Sri Lanka?
(A) In 1987
(B) In 1988
(C) In 1990
(D) In 1989
(iii) Who posed a challenge to the Indian Army in Sri Lanka?
(A) Local Tamils
(B) Indian Tamils
(C) LTTE
(D) Sri Lankan government
(iv) When did IPKF have to abort the objective in Sri Lanka?
(A) 1989
(B) 1990
(C) 1999
(D) 2009
Answer:
(i) (B) Because the conflict in Sri Lanka involves people of Indian origin.
(ii) (A) In 1987
(iii) (C) LTTE
(iv) (A) 1989

Section – E (24 Marks)

Question 27.
Discuss the political and economic consequences of globalization.
OR
What are some of the negative effects of globalization for the people of India? [6]
Answer:
Political consequences:
Globalization results in an erosion of the powers of the state, that is, the ability of the government to do what they do. Globalization does not always reduce state capacity. The primacy of the state continues to be unchallenged on the basis of political community.
Economic consequences:
Usually, economic globalization involves greater economic flows among different countries of the world. Economic flows in various forms, like a commodity, capital, people, and ideas, prompt rich countries to invest their money in countries other than their own. It also draws attention to the role of the IMF and WTO in determining economic policies across the world.

Advocates of economic globalization argue that it generates greater economic growth and well-being for larger sections of the population when there is de-regulation. Greater trade among countries allows each economy to do what it does best. This would benefit the whole world.

OR

Negative consequences of Globalization on India:
Expensive seeds purchased from MNCs compelled farmers to commit suicide due to crop failure. Slowly and gradually MNCs started buying Indian companies, resulting in instability in the market. While some advances were made in certain arenas, critical sectors such as health, housing and primary education did not receive the attention they deserved.

India had a fairly sluggish rate of economic growth. In 1991, responding to a financial crisis and to desire for higher rates of economic growth which yet to be achieved. De-regulated various sectors including trade and foreign investment

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 6 with Solutions

Question 28.
How did the second most powerful country in the world become so weak that suddenly it disintegrated? Explain any six factors.
OR
Analyze the biggest three constraints that operate on American hegemony. [6]
Answer:
The Soviet Union disintegrated because of various developments:
(1) Economic stagnation of the USSR: The economy of the USSR had become stagnant as most of the expenses were carried out on arms. Wages, though continued to grow, there was a lot of food shortage and the consumer industry was becoming inefficient. With the invasions of Afghanistan, the economic conditions of productivity declined.

(2) Authoritative communist party: The Communist Party, which was the only party of the USSR, was very bureaucratic and authoritative. There were no efforts made by the government to correct mistakes. Bureaucrats had more privileges than people.

(3) Excessive militarisation: The Soviet Union spent much of its resources on keeping its nuclear arsenal up to date. The majority of its resources were spent on maintaining its armed forces.

(4) Comparison with the West: The people of the USSR for years had been told that their system was the best. However, when they became aware of the technological advancement in the West, it came as a psychological shock as well as a political shock to them.

(5) Gorbachev’s policies: Gorbachev had initiated policies of glasnost and perestroika and set in motion forces that could not be controlled. Some people thought that he was going too slow and others like members of the government did not agree with him. As a result, people became disillusioned and he lost his popularity.

(6) Nationalist aspirations of republics: There was a growing dissatisfaction amongst republics. Republics like Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine, etc. were protesting against Soviet Rule and gradually Soviet control over these republics fell. This was the final step in disintegration.

OR

Constraints on American hegemony: Institution Architecture of the American state Open nature of American society North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
Detailed Answer:
The biggest constraints to American hegemony lie within the heart of hegemony itself. Three constraints can be identified on American power. The first constraint is the institutional architecture of the American state itself. A system of division of powers between the three branches of government places significant brakes upon the unrestrained and immoderate exercise of America’s military power by the executive branch.

The second constraint on American power is domestic in nature and originates from the open nature of American society. Although the American mass media keep on imposing or promoting a particular perspective on domestic public opinion in the US from time to time, there is nevertheless a deep skepticism regarding the purposes and methods of government in American political culture. This factor, in the long run, maybe a huge constraint on US military action overseas.

The third constraint on the US may come from an international system. Perhaps it is the most important constraint. NATO is the only organization in the international system that could possibly moderate the exercise of American power today. The US obviously has an enormous interest in keeping the alliance of democracies that follow the market economies alive and therefore it is possible that its allies in NATO will be able to moderate the exercise of US hegemony.

Question 29.
Examine the major changes that the country witnessed at the time of the fourth general election in 1967.
OR
Discuss the effects of Emergency on the aspects of our polity. [6]
Answer:
General Elections of 1967:
These were the first elections contested by Congress without Nehru.
The results of the elections were coined as a ‘Political earthquake’ as the popularity of Congress had reduced by a large scale. Though Congress managed to secure a majority at the Centre it won with the lowest number of seats in comparison to all three previous general elections. At the state level, Congress lost the majority to local parties and non-Congress parties and this was a blow.

Strong Congress leaders like S.K. Patil, K. Kamraj, K.B. Sahay, etc. were defeated in their constituencies. These elections gave rise to a new form of government – the Coalition Government. In Bihar, it was named Samyukt Vidhayak Dal formed by the coalition of the Sanyukt Socialist Party, Bhartiya Kranti Dal, Jan Sangh, and Praja Socialist Party.

In Punjab, it was named Popular United Front formed by the coalition of Shiromani Akali Dal and Sant Fateh Singh group. These elections also witnessed defections by Congress legislators mainly in Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Haryana. Some of the defections were so frequent that these were nicknamed “Aaya Ram, Gaya Ram”, after the defections shown by Gaya Lal from Bihar.

OR

Effect on civil liberties for citizens:
There were mass arrests on the grounds of Preventive Detention. The arrests could not be challenged in any court of law. There were no reasons given for the arrests of the so-called suspects. Impact on the relationship between the Executive and Judiciary: There were many new changes incorporated through Amendment 42 of the Constitution. The role of the Supreme Court was curbed to some extent.

The Court could not challenge the elections of the President of India, Vice President of India, and Prime Minister of India. It also gave the power to government to postpone the elections in situations of Emergency. Functioning of Mass Media: The powers of media were curtailed by the imposition of press censorship. There was a ban on protests, strikes, agitations, etc. Fundamental Rights were curtailed and suspended.

Many eminent Padma Bhushan and Padma Vibhushan awardees returned their titles. Some prominent newspapers like Indian Express protested by leaving blank spaces at places where news was censored. It is a combination of restrictions on the civil liberties of the people along with the tension between the government and the bureaucracy.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 6 with Solutions

Question 30.
What is SAARC? Discuss some of its objectives.
OR
Discuss the six leading causes of conflicts between India and Pakistan. [6]
Answer:
SAARC stands for South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation for mutual trust and understanding among states of South Asia. Role of SAARC: SAARC is a regional initiative among South Asian states to evolve cooperation from 1985 onwards. It consists of seven members to encourage mutual harmony and understanding.

SAARC has initiated SAFTA (South Asian Free Trade Agreement) to form free trade zones for the whole of South Asia for collective economic security. SAARC has projected on economic development of its member states to reduce their dependencies on the non-regional powers.

OR

1. Security: For India, security is the top issue. It has refused to resume a series of talks until Pakistan takes more action against Pakistan-based militant groups.

2. Mumbai attacks: This is complicated by Indian suspicions that the Pakistan security establishment backed the militants in some way. Pakistan Taliban groups charge India denies.

3. Afghanistan: Afghanistan is a major source of friction. The two countries have long competed for influence there and Pakistan is deeply suspicious of a rise in India’s presence after the fall of the Islamabad-backed Taliban government in 2001. India worries that an Afghanistan dominated by Pakistan’s allies in the Taliban after the US pullout would allow anti-Indian militants a base from which to launch attacks. This rivalry is complicating US-led efforts to end an intensifying Taliban insurgency and bring stability to Afghanistan more than eight years after the Taliban were ousted.

4. Kashmir: The divided, mostly Muslim Himalayan region of Kashmir is at the heart of hostility between the neighbors and was the cause of two of their three wars. The third was over the founding of Bangladesh. Separatists began an insurgency against Indian rule in 1989 a movement almost immediately backed by Pakistan and since then tens of thousands of people have been killed. Most fighters want all of Kashmir to become part of Pakistan, but many ordinary Kashmiris want independence from both India and Pakistan.

5. Water: The two countries disagree over the use of the water flowing down rivers that rise in Indian Kashmir and run into the Indus river basin in Pakistan. The use of water is governed by the 1960 Indus Water Treaty under which India was granted the use of water from three eastern rivers and Pakistan the use of three western rivers.

Pakistan says India is unfairly diverting water with the upstream construction of barrages and dams. India denies the charge. Siachen: Indian and Pakistani forces have faced off against each other in mountains above the Siachen glacier in the Karakoram range, the world’s highest battlefield, since 1984.