Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science with Solutions Set 9 are designed as per the revised syllabus.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 9 with Solutions
Time Allowed: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80
General Instructions :
All the questions are compulsory.
- Question numbers 1-12 are multiple choice questions of one mark each.
- Question numbers 13-18 are of 2 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 50 words each.
- Question numbers 19-23 are of 4 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 100 words each.
- Question numbers 24-26 are passage, cartoon and map-based questions. Answer accordingly.
- Question numbers 27-30 are of 6 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 170 words.
Section – A (12 Marks)
Question 1.
The atom bomb was dropped on Hiroshima in the year__________. [1]
(A) 1944
(B) 1943
(C) 1945
(D) 1946
Answer:
(C) 1945
Explanation: USA dropped the atomic bombs on the cities of Japan in the year 1945.
Question 2.
Majority of the members of the non-aligned countries were____________. [1]
(A) Least Developed Countries
(B) Most Developed Countries
(C) Advanced Countries
(D) Eastern Asian Countries
Answer:
(A) Least Developed Countries
Explanation: The majority of the members of the nonaligned nations were the least developed countries who did not want to join any power block.
Question 3.
USSR installed missiles in _____________to make it as a Russian base near US. [1]
(A) Hungary
(B) Cuba
(C) Yugoslavia
(D) Tokyo
Answer:
Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: The USSR installed the nuclear missile in Cuba which was a communist nation. This led to the rise in the tension between America and USSR.
Question 4.
The Punjab Accord of 1985 was between_____________. [1]
(A) Rajiv Gandhi and Harcharan Singh Longowal
(B) Rajiv Gandhi and Jarnail Singh
(C) Rajiv Gandhi and K.P.S. Gill
(D) Rajiv Gandhi and Karpoori Thakur
Answer:
(A) Rajiv Gandhi and Harcharan Singh Longowal
Explanation: The Punjab Accord was signed in the year 1985 between the then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and Harcharan Singh Longowal. These accords were directed towards bringing peace in Punjab.
Assertion Reason Questions: Directions for Q.Nos. 5 and 6
In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read these statements and choose one correct answer from the given options
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false, but R is true
Question 5.
Assertion (A): The student movement in Bihar was led by Jayaprakash Narayan.
Reason (R): This movement was against the leadership of Bihar and Indira Gandhi at large. [1]
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: The protest movement in Bihar was led by Jayaprakash Narayan who gave the call for total revolution and this movement was directed towards the Bihar government and national government as well.
Question 6.
Assertion (A): Backward and Minority Communities Employees Federation was formed in 1978.
Reason (R): BAMCEF fought for the interests of SCs, STs, OBCs and other minority sections. [1]
Answer:
Assertion (A): Backward and Minority Communities Employees Federation was formed in 1978.
Explanation: BAMCEF was formed in the year 1978 and its purpose was to help the deprived sections by fighting for their rights.
Question 7.
The process of making colonised states free and independent from the rule of the mother country is called:______________. [1]
(A) Decolonisation
(B) Decentralisation
(C) Delimitation
(D) Derationalisation
Answer:
(A) Decolonisation
Explanation: The process of ending the rule of the colonial nations from one country is known as the process of decolonisation.
Question 8.
Sukarno was the first president of this country and was the founder member of NAM. Which is this country? [1]
(A) Indonesia
(B) Ghana
(C) Egypt
(D) Belgium
Answer:
(A) Indonesia
Explanation: Sukarno was the first President of the nation of Indonesia who played a pivotal role in the establishment of NAM
Question 9.
Who became the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1985? [1]
(A) Gorbachev
(B) Yeltsin
(C) Putin
(D) Brezhnev
Answer:
(A) Gorbachev
Explanation: In the year 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev became the General Secretary of the USSR and led several reforms in the nation.
Question 10.
The border conflict between China and India in 1962 was principally over ___________and ___________region. [1]
(A) Aksai Chin and Tibet
(B) Aksai Chin and Arunachal
(C) Aksai Chin and Himachal
(D) Aksai Chin and Uttarakhand
Answer:
(B) Aksai Chin and Arunachal
Explanation: The border conflicts between the India and China was concerning the region of Aksai Chin and the border of Arunachal Pradesh.
Question 11.
The first Premiere of the People’s Republic of China, serving from October 1949 to January 1976 was: [1]
(A) Zhou Enlai
(B) Deng Xiaoping
(C) Xi Jinping
(D) Shinzo Abe
Answer:
(A) Zhou Enlai
Explanation: Zhou Enlai was the premier of China who served from the October 1949 to January 1976.
Question 12.
Which revolution is associated with bumper production of milk and dairy products? [1]
(A) Green Revolution
(B) White Revolution
(C) Milk Revolution
(D) Dairy Revolution
Answer:
(B) White Revolution
Explanation: The production of the milk was increased manifold with the starting of the white revolution.
Section – B (12 Marks)
Question 13.
Read the following statements made in August 1947:
“Today you have worn on your heads a crown of thorns. The seat of power is a nasty thing. You have to remain ever wakeful on that seat you have to be more humble and for bearing now there will be no end to your being tested.” —M. K. Gandhi.
“India will awake to a light of freedom we step out from the old to the new. we end today a period of ill-fortune and India discovers herself again. The achievements we celebrate today is but a step, an opening of opportunity” —]awaharlal Nehru. Spell out the agenda of nation building that flows from these statements. Which one appeals more to you and why? [2]
Answer:
The statements given by both M.K. Gandhi and Jawahar Lal Nehru enlighten the countrymen about the challenges ahead and focusing India towards democracy, freedom and sovereignty. Although both statements guide the citizens to the task that needs to be performed for the growth of a country, yet the statement of M.K. Gandhi is more appealing. This is because it jolts the hearts of the citizens to face and overcome the challenges that lay ahead. The statement of Jawahar Lal Nehru creates a false sense of self-sufficiency
Question 14.
What were the observations of the Human Development Report of 2006? [2]
Answer:
According to the Human Development Report 2006 of the United Nations Development Programme, 663 million people in developing countries have no access to safe water and 2.4 billion have no access to sanitation, resulting in the death of more than three million children every year.
Question 15.
What is meant by common but differentiated responsibilities? How could we implement the idea? [2]
Answer:
Compromise and accommodation are the two essential policies to save the planet Earth by the states, but the states from North and South have different notions towards environmental issues.
(1) The Northern states or the First World states are concerned with ozone depletion, and global warming whereas, Southern States or the Third World states want to address the relationship between economic development and environmental management.
(2) The developed countries of the North want to discuss the environmental issues which stand equally responsible for ecological conservation.
(3) The developing countries of the South feel that much of the ecological degradation of the world is created by developed countries through their industrial projects and if developed countries cause more environmental degradation, they are supposed to take more responsibility onwards.
Question 16.
What was the major thrust of the First Five-Year Plan? In which ways did the Second Plan differ from the first one? [2]
Answer:
The two areas of focus under the First Five Year Plan were: Land reforms in rural areas. Slow but steady growth of the National Income. The main points of difference between the First Plan.
The Second Plan were:
The First Plan focused on land reforms in rural areas, whereas the Second Plan focused on industrialisation in rural areas. The First Plan focused on slow but steady growth of National Income, whereas the Second Plan focused on rapid industrialisation for overall growth of the economy.
Question 17.
What was one of the most prominent anti-dam movement in India? [2]
Answer:
India has had some of the leading anti-dam, proriver movements. Narmada Bachao Andolan is one of the best known of these movements. It is significant to note that, in anti-dam and other environmental movements in India, the most important shared idea is non-violence
Question 18.
What were some of the negative consequences of the partition? [2]
Answer:
Though the Partition of British India was foreseen, yet it resulted in the largest, most tragic and highly unplanned partition of a nation. It resulted in communal riots between Hindus and Muslims, torture and mass killing of people, separation of families, increase in number of refugees on both sides of the border, economic recession, unemployment, poverty, etc.
Section – C (20 Marks)
Question 19.
What is worldwide interconnectedness? What are its components? [4]
Answer:
The worldwide interconnectedness implies to interlink the world through free flow of goods and services, technology, ideas and people across the globe to extend globalisation. This contains three components:
Capital flow: It is the flow of resources through loans or business investments among the countries.
Trade flow: It refers to exchange of goods among countries.
Labour flow: It refers to ‘brain grain’ by creating favourable conditions for employment
Question 20.
Explain global poverty and health epidemics as the new sources of threats to security. [4]
Answer:
Global poverty and health epidemics as the new sources of threat to security.
(1) Global poverty is a new source of threat to security. Population is expected to triple in the next 50 years. Whereas many rich countries will see population decline in that period. High per capita income and low population growth make rich state getting richer and low income and high population growth reinforce each other to make poor states get poorer.
(2) Health epidemics such as HIV-AIDS, bird flu, SARS have rapidly spread across countries through migration, business, tourism and military operation late in 1990s,. Britain had lost billions of dollars of income during an outbreak of the mad-cow disease.
Question 21.
Explain the functioning of the Congress Party as an ideological and social coalition. [4]
Answer:
A coalition accommodates all those who join it and help in striking a balance on almost all issues. There is a greater tolerance of internal differences and ambitions of various groups and leaders are accommodated. It helped the Congress to retain parity inside it even if a group was not happy. Internal factionalism became strength of the Congress Party, which is usually a weakness
Question 22.
Examine the legacy of Emergency of 1975 in India. [4]
Answer:
The legacy of Emergency is felt as:
From 1977 to 1980, Congress ideology was changed to be as the only socialist and pro-poor party of the country. The opposition got the idea and concept of nonCongressism. The Constitutional Crisis rose whereby process of amendment of Constitution was modified. The Political Crisis arose as the party in dominance was forced to impose Emergency against public interest. The political party system was changed due to tension on the concept that Indian Democracy is Institution Based Democracy
Question 23.
‘Coalition Governments proved to be a boon for democracy in India.’ Support this statement with any two suitable arguments. [4]
Answer:
Coalition governments proved to be a boon for democracy in India because:
(1) Parties representing backward classes got representation: Since the backward classes’ parties and various regional parties rarely got any representation in the State and National level policies, coalition governments allowed these parties to share power at state and national levels governments.
(2) Emphasis on pragmatic considerations rather than ideological coalitions: due to coalition politics, there was more emphasis on pragmatic considerations rather than ideological positions. Coalition politics has shifted the focus of political parties from ideological differences to power sharing arrangements. Thus most parties of NDA government did not agree with Hindutva ideology of BJP, yet, they came together to form a government and remained in power for a full term.
Section – D (12 Marks)
Question 24.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: [4]
International Organisations (IOs) are formal institutional structures transcending national boundaries which are created by multilateral agreement among nation-states. Their purpose is to foster international cooperation in areas such as: security, law, economic, social matters and diplomacy. IOs are subdivided between Intergovernmental Organisations (IGOs) and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs); Intergovernmental Organisations are entities created with sufficient organisational structure and autonomy to provide formal, ongoing, multilateral processes of decision making between states, along with the capacity to execute the collective of their member (states).
NGOs are non-state voluntary organisations formed by individuals to achieve a common purpose, often oriented beyond themselves or to the public good. The development and expansion of these large representative bodies date back to the end of the World War II, where there was a need for world reconstruction through International Relations. Since then, there has been an incremental rise of organisations that work on different socio-political and economic aspects with various and specific aims in approaching states, societies, groups and individuals.
Based on these key definitions, it is an attempt to explain how important are IOs and the extent to which they have an impact on global politics and international relations through an analysis of two main IR scholar theories namely Realism and Liberalism. Moreover, to understand the impact of IOs, these theories will be explored and analysed through contexts of different and conflicting realist and liberalists thinkers upon their view on these institutional structures. It will also distinguish and compare the two theories and determine which is more relevant to the contemporary world international relations.
(i) What is the purpose of International Organisations?
(A) To foster economic ties of the developed nations
(B) To foster international cooperation
(C) To eradicate terrorism
(D) To foster health care
(ii) What are the sub divisions of International Organisations?
(A) State-governmental and Non-governmental
(B) Private and Public
(C) Governmental and Public
(D) None of the above
(iii) Where can we find the development and expansion of these organisations?
(A) At the end of First World War
(B) At the beginning of Second World War
(C) At the end of Second World War
(D) In 2003
(iv)Which two main IR scholar theories are mentioned here?
(A) Realism and Liberalism
(B) Capitalism and Socialism
(C) Feminism and Humanism
(D) Human Rights and Welfare
Answer:
(i) (B) To foster international cooperation
(ii) (D) None of the above
(iii) (C) At the end of Second World War
(iv) (A) Realism and Liberalism
Question 25.
In the outline political map of India given below, five states have been marked as A, B, C and D. With the help of the information given below, identify them and write their correct names in your answer book along with the serial number of the information used and the related alphabet in the map [4]
(i) The state to which C. Rajagopalachari, the first Indian Governor-General of India belonged.
(ii) The state where the first non-Congress government was formed by E. M. S. Namboodiripad.
(iii) The state to which Rafi Ahmed Kidwai, The Union Minister for Food and Agriculture (1952- 1954) belonged.
(iv) The state which faced the most acute food crisis in 1965-1967
Question 26.
Study the given Cartoon and answer the questions that follow: [4]
(i) Who was taken under arrest during the coup of 1991?
(A) Mikhail Gorbachev
(C) Vladimir Putin
(B) Nikita Khruschev
(D) Boris Yeltsin
(ii) Which were the three major republics of USSR?
(A) Poland, Cuba, Russia
(B) Sweden, Germany, France
(C) Russia, Ukraine, Belarus
(D) Ukraine, Poland, Sweden
(iii) Which type of government was adopted by the post-soviet countries?
(A) Socialist
(B) Capitalist and Democratic
(C) Communist Democratic
(D) none of the above
(iv) Which country became the successor state of the Soviet Union?
(A) Belarus
(B) Ukraine
(C) Central Asian Republics
(D) Russia
Answer:
(i) (A) Mikhail Gorbachev
(ii) (C) Russia, Ukraine, Belarus
(iii) (B) Capitalist and Democratic
(iv) (D) Russia
Section – E (24 Marks)
Question 27.
The Non-Alignment Movement has become more or less redundant in the present scenario of US hegemony. However, India has made sincere efforts to keep the movement alive as much as possible. Discuss some of the steps taken by India in this direction.
OR
Discuss the causes that led to the full-scale confrontation between India and Pakistan in 1971? [6]
Answer:
The Non-Aligned Movement aimed at establishing a new and equitable international economic, social and political order.
(1) Stabilisation of World Peace: The non-aligned countries always kept themselves away from the power blocs so that they could reduce the tension in the world and if at all there is any war, they can bring peace in the particular area by mediating between the enemy countries.
(2) To put an end to Imperialism and Colonisation: The non-aligned countries wanted to put an end to imperialism as they did not support exploitation. The members of the NAM support the freedom struggle movements in Asia and Africa.
(3) Oppositions of Alliances: The world had already witnessed two crucial and dreadful wars because of the alliances of the military powers. So the non-aligned countries decided not to join any power bloc which might create tension in the world and ultimately, its results in the world war.
(4) Being the founder member of NAM, India has always played an active role in keeping the movement alive. India has always raised its voice against the newly decolonised countries aligning their faith with the superpower alliances. India had always favoured active intervention in world affairs to soften cold war rivalries.
(5) India tried to reduce the differences between the Superpowers, although the efforts did not turn out successful. India tried to activate those regional and international organisations, which were not a part of the alliances led by the US and the USSR. For India, the policy of Non-alignment is not a policy of fleeing away rather it is a positive role in the world affairs. Indian diplomats and leaders were often used to communicate and meditate between Cold War rivals such as in the Korean War in the early 1950s.
OR
Following circumstances were responsible for a fullscale war between India and Pakistan on the issue of liberation of Bangladesh in Dec-1971:
Under military rule of General Yahya Khan, the Pakistan army tried to suppress the mass movement of the Bengali people and arrested Sheikh Mujibur Rehman of the Awami League.
This led to large-scale migration into India that led to an economic and social crisis in India. The government of India supported the demand of the people of East Pakistan for their independence. The government of India helped them financially and militarily. Due to a rise in the involvement of India in the freedom movement of the Bangladesh, it came in conflict with the Pakistan and this resulted in a war between India and Pakistan in December, 1971.
India managed to defeat the Pakistan in approximately 15 days and led to the liberation of East Pakistan that came to be known as the Bangladesh
Question 28.
Write a short note on the role and limitations of SAARC as a forum for facilitating economic cooperation among the South Asian countries
OR
What are some of the factors that have led to the failure of permanent democracy in the state of Pakistan? [6]
Answer:
Following is the role of SAARC in facilitating economic cooperation among the South Asian countries.
(1) The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is a regional initiative of South Asian countries to evolve cooperation in the region.
(2) Its aim is to facilitate economic co-operation through multilateral means.
(3) SAARC members have signed South Asian Free Trade agreement (SAFTA) which promised the formation of a free trade zone for the whole of South Asia.
(4) A new chapter of peace and cooperation might evolve in South Asia if all the countries in the region allow free trade across the borders. Limitations
The following are some limitations of SAARC:
(1) India-Pakistan souring relations have marred the growth of SAARC.
(2) Some of the SAARC members feel that India will invade their markets and influence their societies and politics through commercial ventures. This apprehension is a stumbling block in the growth of SAARC.
(3) Insufficiency of funds also pitched a big limitation on the growth of SAARC.
OR
Factors that contributed to Pakistan’s failure in building a stable democracy:
(1) The social dominance of the military, clergy and land-owning aristocracy has led to the frequent overthrow of elected governments and the establishment of military government.
(2) Pakistan’s conflicts with India have made the pro-military groups more powerful and have justified the army’s stay in power.
(3) The United States and other Western Countries have encouraged the military’s authoritarian rule due to fear of Global Islamic Terrorism’ and fear that Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal might fall into the hands of the terrorist groups.
(4) The lack of political will of the civilian parties to bring development to Pakistan and their indulgence in the politics of corruption and
appeasement.
(5) The support for the terrorist activities against India which needs the involvement of the army.
(6) The presence of weak democratic institutions of the country is also responsible for the lack of democracy in the country
Question 29.
As a citizen of India, how would you support India’s candidature for the permanent membership of the Security Council? Justify your proposal. [6]
OR
What is the difference between traditional and non-traditional security? Which category would the creation and sustenance of alliance belong to?
Answer:
Following points may be cited for supporting India’s candidature for the permanent membership of the Security Council:
(1) India is the second most populous country in the world comprising almost one-fifth of the world population.
(2) India is world’s largest democracy.
(3) India has participated in virtually all of the initiatives of the UN.
(4) India’s economic emergence on the world stage is another factor that perhaps justifies India’s claim to a permanent seat in the Security Council.
(5) India has also made regular financial contributions to the UN and never faltered on its payments.
(6) India’s role in the UN’s peacekeeping efforts is a long and substantial one. India is aware that permanent membership of the Security Council also has symbolic importance. It signifies a country’s growing importance in world affairs. The greater status is an advantage to a country in the conduct of its foreign policy, the reputation for being powerful makes one more influential.
OR
Traditional Security:
In the traditional notion of security, the greatest danger to a country is from military threats. The threat to traditional security is another country which by threatening military action endangers the core values of sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity. The traditional notion of security is also concerned with balance of power and alliance building.
Traditional security is also concerned with internal security. In traditional security, there is recognition that cooperation in limiting violence is possible. It also includes other types of cooperation like, disarmament, arms control and confidence building.
Non-traditional Security:
Non-traditional notions of security go beyond military threats to include a wide range of threats and dangers affecting the conditions of human existence. Non-traditional view of security is concerned with human security or global security. Human security is about the protection of people more than the protection of states.
Non-traditional notion includes hunger, disease and natural disasters as threats. Terrorism is a new source of non-traditional threat as it refers to political violence that targets civilians deliberately and indiscriminately. Poverty has also been recognised as a new threat as in the South it has led to large-scale migration to seek a better life, especially better economic opportunities in the North. Creation and sustenance of alliance belongs to traditional notion of security.
Question 30.
Describe the three major issues in the North- Eastern States of India. [6]
OR
The Assam Movement from 1979 to 1985 is the best example of the movements against ‘outsiders’. Support the statement with suitable arguments.
Answer:
At independence the entire region except Manipur and Tripura comprised the State of Assam. Demands for political autonomy arose when the non-Assamese felt that the Assam government was imposing Assamese language on them.
Secessionist movements: Demands for autonomy were easier to respond to, for these involved using the various provisions in the Constitution for accommodation of diversities. It was much more difficult when some groups demanded a separate country.
Movements against outsiders: The large scale migration into the North-East gave rise to a special kind of problem that pitched the ‘local’ communities against people who were seen as ‘outsiders’ or migrants.
OR
The Assam Movement or the Assam Agitation (1979- 1985) led by All Assam Students Union (AASU) and the ‘All Assam Gana Sangram Parishad’ (AAGSP) was a popular uprising to drive out the illegal immigrants from Bangladesh.
(1) The movement ended with the signing of the Assam Accord by leaders of AASU-AAGSP and the Government of India under PM Rajiv Gandhi.
(2) During this period of six long years of the historic movement, reportedly, 855 people (later on 860 according to AASU reports) sacrificed their lives in the hope of an “infiltration free Assam” in the 1979-1985.
(3) The Assam Accord (1985) was a Memorandum of Settlement (MoS) signed between representatives of the Government of India and the leaders of the Assam Movement in New Delhi on 15 August 1985.
(4) The fundamental aspect of the Assam Accord was: foreigners who came to Assam on or after March 25, 1971 shall continue to be detected; deleted and practical steps shall be taken to expel such foreigners.
(5) Post 1985, Assam witnessed a multiple change of governments; from the Indian National Congress to the Assam Gana Parishad and finally the BJP’s maiden entry in 2016 with CM Sarbananda Sonowal at the helm, an erstwhile member of AASU who also signed the Assam Accord.