CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Sociology Set 5 with Solutions

Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Sociology with Solutions Set 5 are designed as per the revised syllabus.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Sociology Set 5 with Solutions

Time Allowed: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

1. The question paper is divided into four sections.
2. There are 38 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
3. Section A includes question No. 1-20. These are MCQ type questions. As per the question, there can be one answer.
4. Section B includes question No. 21-29. These are very short answer type questions carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 30 words.
5. Section C includes question No. 30-35. They are short answer type questions carrying 4 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 80 words.
6. Section D includes question No. 36-38. They are long answer type questions carrying 6 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 200 words each. Question no 38 is to be answered with the help of the passage given

Section – A (20 marks)

Question 1.
Sultana’s Dream is a book written by: [1]
(A) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
(B) Tarabai Shinde
(C) Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain
(D) Bishop Joseph Butler
Answer:
(C) Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain

Explanation: Sultana’s dream is a 1905 Bengali feminist utopian story in English, written by Begum Rokeya, also known as Rokeya Sahkawat Hossain, a Muslim writer and social reformer from Bengal. It was published in the same year in Madras-based English periodical, The Indian Ladies Magazine.

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion(A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Question 2.
Assertion (A): Most of the time the urban individual participates and fulfils his needs in secondary groups. [1]
Reason (R): The primary groups have ceased to exist in modem societies.
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Answer:
(C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.

Question 3.
According to the Census of India data (2011), which state in India has the highest child sex ratio? [1]
(A) Kerala
(B) Arunachal Pradesh
(C) Assam
(D) Chhattisgarh
Answer:
(B) Arunachal Pradesh

Explanation: The highest child sex ratio of 972 is found in Arunachal Pradesh. Even Kerala, the state with the better overall sex ratio does not do too well at 964.

Question 4.
Assertion (A): In modern times, and particularly since the nineteenth century, the link between caste and occupation has become much less rigid. [1]
Reason (R): The caste-class correlation is still remarkably stable at the macro level.
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Answer:
(B) (B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

Explanation: The reason for the assertion is that ritual-religious prohibitions on occupational change are not easily imposed today, and it is easier than before to change one’s occupation.

Question 5.
The population policy (of 1952) took the concrete form of the _________. [1]
(A) National Family Welfare Programme
(B) National Family Planning Programme
(C) National Health Policy, 2017
(D) National Population Policy, 2000
Answer:
(B) National Family Planning Programme

Explanation: The population policy took the concrete form of the National Family Planning Programme. In the early days, the most important objective was to slow down the rate of population growth through the promotion of various birth control methods, improve public health standards, and increase public awareness about population and health issues. The program suffered a setback during Emergency.

Question 6.
“When we say that India is a nation of great cultural diversity, we mean that there are many different types of social groups and communities living here.” The term diversity stands for. [1]
(A) Inequalities rather than, equalities
(B) Differences rather than inequalities
(C) Difference and inequality both
(D) Neither difference nor inequality
Answer:
(B) is correct.

Explanation: Cultural diversity means that there are different types of social groups and communities that may not necessarily be unequal.

Question 7.
“The argument for a tribe-caste distinction was founded on an assumed cultural difference between Hindu castes, with their beliefs in purity and pollution and hierarchical integration, and ‘animist’ tribals with their more egalitarian and kinship-based modes of social organisation.” Which of the following is not a characteristic of tribal communities? [1]
(A) Egalitarian organisation
(B) Kinship based mode of social organisation
(C) Animists
(D) Organised religion
Answer:
(D) Organised religion

Explanation: Tribes lack organised religion

Question 8.
Which of the following determines the composition of the Rajya Sabha? [1]
(A) State Council
(B) Zilla Parishad
(C) Gram Panchayat
(D) State Legislatures
Answer:
(D) State Legislatures

Question 9.
Which of the following does not stand for secularism? [1]
(A) Separation of state and church
(B) Not favoring a particular religion over the others
(C) Progressive retreat of religion from the public life
(D) Religious identity overriding everything else
Answer:
(D) Religious identity overriding everything else

Explanation: Religious identity overriding every other identity is feature of communalism and not secularism.

Question 10.
Green Revolution refers to: [1]
(A) modernisation of education.
(B) modernisation of cattle breeding.
(C) modernisation of agriculture.
(D) modernisation of film industry
Answer:
(C) modernisation of agriculture.

Question 11.
________ is not a feature of the unorganised sector. [1]
(A) Unions
(B) Unstable income
(C) No job security
(D) Exploitation
Answer:
(A) Unions

Question 12.
____________was a social movement for parliamentary representation in England. In 1839, more than 1.25 million people signed the people’s charter asking for universal male suffrage, voting by ballot and the right to stand for elections without owning property. In 1842, the movement managed to collect 3.25 million signatures, a huge number for a tiny country. [1]
(A) Chartism
(B) Fascism
(C) Communism
(D) Regionalism
Answer:
(A) Chartism

Explanation: Chartism was a social movement for parliamentary representation in England. Even in Britain, not everyone was allowed to vote. Voting rights were limited to property-owning men.

Question 13.
____________the sociologist and social anthropologist was known for his works on the caste system and the term [1]
Sanskritisation.
(A) Jyotiba Phule
(B) Sri Narayana Guru
(C) MN Srinivas
(D) Talcott Parsons
Answer:
(C) MN Srinivas

Question 14.
Assertion (A): States generally tend to favor a single, homogenous national identity.
Reason (R): Community identities can act as the basis for nation-formation, already existing states see all forms of community identity as dangerous rivals. [1]
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Answer:
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

Explanation: There is no necessary relationship between any specific form of community and the modern form of the state. But, in the hope of being.

Question 15.
Satnami Movement of the Chamars in eastern MP and the: movement by Jatavas of Agra are examples of [1]
(A) Women’s rights movement
(B) Peasant movement
(C) Dalit movement
(D) Tribal movement
Answer:
(C) Dalit movement

Question 16.
Example of dominant land owning castes are [1]
(A) Jats and Rajputs of U.P.
(B) Vokkaligas and Lingayats in Karnataka
(C) Kammas and Reddys in Andhra Pradesh
(D) All of the above
Answer:
(D) All of the above

Question 17.
The capitalist mode of production leads to: [1]
(A) feminisation of agriculture.
(B) labour welfare.
(C) elimination of class hierarchy.
(D) separation of workers from the means of production.
Answer:
(D) separation of workers from the means of production.

Question 18.
Assertion (A): The inequalities in the literacy rate are especially important because they tend to reproduce inequality across generations.
Reason (R): Literacy rates also vary by social group – historically disadvantaged communities like the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes have lower rates of literacy. [1]
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion(A).
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion(A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Answer:
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

Explanation: Illiterate parents are at a severe disadvantage in ensuring that their children are well educated, thus perpetuating existing inequalities.

Question 19.
The way in which individuals may become cut off from full involvement in the wider society is known as: [1]
(A) Social inequality (B) Social discrimination
(C) Social exclusion (D) Social stratification
Answer:
(C) Social exclusion

Explanation: Social exclusion refers to a broad range of factors that prevent individuals or groups from having opportunities open to the majority of the population.

Question 20.
Assertion (A): Malthus’s predictions were proved false.
Reason (R): In the historical experience of Europe, both food production and standards of living continued to rise despite the rapid growth of population. [1]
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Answer:
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

Explanation: Malthus’ predictions were proved false because both food production and standards of living continued to rise despite the rapid growth of population. Malthus was also criticized by liberal and Marxist scholars for asserting that poverty was caused by population growth.

Section – B (18 Marks)

Question 21.
What is social about social inequality? [2]
Answer:
Social inequality and exclusion are social because they are not about individuals but groups. They are social in the sense that they are not economic, although there is usually a strong link between social and economic inequality. They are systematic and structured – there is a definite pattern to social inequalities.

Question 22.
State the importance of demographic data. [2]
Answer:
Importance of demographic data:
Demographic data is important for the planning and implementation of state policies. It is also important for economic development and general public welfare.

Question 23.
State the two factors which encourage regionalism.
OR
Explain contract farming. [2]
Answer:
Two factors that encourage regionalism:
Geographical concentration. Sense of regional deprivation. Combination of factors based on common language, religion, culture, tribe, identity, ethnicity, ecology, etc.

OR

Contract farming is the trade pertaining to agricultural production. It is an agreement between the farmers and buyers. In a liberalised economy, a farmer can have contract farming with government, private as well as multi-national companies.

Question 24.
Discuss the Caste in Contemporary India.
OR
“Often we discuss social exclusion and discrimination as though they pertain to differential economic resources alone. This however is only partially true.” Determine using two examples that social exclusion and discrimination. do not pertain to differential economic resources alone. [2]
Answer:

1. Abolition of untouchability: The implementation of Article 17 was difficult initially because of upper caste people’s protests.
2. Constitution: People should be given jobs without considering castes, etc. It should be based on achievements. Now there is a reservation about SCs and STs, therefore, successful SCs and STs become a part of the mainstream leading to the upliftment of the SCs and STs.

OR

For example, women from privileged backgrounds may face sexual harassment in the workplace. A middle-class professional from a minority group (religious or ethnicity) may find it difficult to get accommodation in a metropolitan city.

Question 25.
What is a Nation-state? [2]
Answer:
Nation-State: Pertains to a particular type of state, characteristic of the modern world. Government has sovereign power within a territorial area and the people are citizen of a single nation.

Question 26.
Bring out the differences between social change and social movement. [2]
Answer:
Social change is continuous and ongoing. However, social movements come to an end when the goal is achieved. The broad historical processes of social change are the sum total of countless individual and collective actions gathered across time and space. Social movements are directed towards some specific goals.

Question 27.
How have tribes been classified in India? [2]
Answer:
Tribes in India have been classified on the basis of permanent and acquired traits.

• Permanent traits: Language, region, physical characteristics, and ecological habitat.
• Acquired traits: Mode of livelihood, and extent of incorporation into the Hindu society, or a combination of both.

Question 28.
Why is dependency ratio a source of economic growth and prosperity? [2]
Answer:
Dependency ratio: A source of economic growth and prosperity.
Due to larger proportion of workers relative to non-workers or dependents. When ratio is low it is beneficial: when high it is a cause for worry.

Question 29.
Give two examples of caste-based movements.
OR
What are the criteria for forming community identity? [2]
Answer:

• Satnami movement of the Chamars in the Chhattisgarh plains in eastern MP
• Adi Dharma Movement in Punjab
• The Mahar Movement in Maharashtra
• The socio-political mobilisation among the Jatavas of Agra and
• The Anti Brahman Movement in South India. (Any two)

OR

Criteria for forming community identity:

1. Based on birth.
2. Not based on acquired qualification or accomplishments. (Any other relevant point)

Section – C (24 Marks)

Question 30.
With the help of a diagram show distinction of different Tribes.
OR
Untouchability is an extreme and vicious aspect of the caste system. Explain the various dimensions of untouchability.[4]

Answer:

OR

The three main dimensions of untouchability are exclusion, humiliation-subordination, and exploitation:

1. Subordination and exploitation: Untouchability is almost always associated with economic exploitation of various kinds, most commonly through the imposition of forced, unpaid or under-paid) labor, or the confiscation of property.
2. Exclusion: Dalits experience forms of exclusion that are unique and not practiced against other groups – for instance, are prohibited from sharing drinking water sources or participating in collective religious worship, social ceremonies, and festivals. Untouchability may also involve forced inclusion in a subordinated role, such as being compelled to play the drums at a religious event.
3. Humiliation and subordination: The performance of publicly visible acts of (self-) humiliation and subordination is an important part of the practice of untouchability. Common deference (such as taking off headgear, carrying footwear in the hand, standing with bowed head, not wearing dean or ‘bright7 others, and so on) as well as routinized abuse and humiliation.

Question 31.
Elaborate on the acts of the Britishers to gain power during the colonial rule. [4]
Answer:
Acts of Britishers to gain power:

1. Laws of the land: changed land ownership laws and decided what crops ought to be grown.
2. Altered the ways by which production and distribution of goods took place.
3. Brought Forest Laws: cleared trees and started tea plantations displaced tribals.
4. Introduced changes in every sphere, be it legal or cultural, or architectural.
5. Introduction of Western education: English language
6. Intended to create Indians who would manage British colonialism.

Question 32.
‘Process of Sanskritisation encourages inequality and discrimination.’ Explain. [4]
Answer:
Sanskritisation as a concept has been critiqued at different levels. One, it has been criticized for exaggerating social mobility or the scope of Tower castes’ to move up the social ladder. Ideology of Sanskritisation accepts the ways of the ‘upper caste’ as superior and that of the Tower caste’ as inferior. ‘Sanskritisation’ seems to justify a model that rests on inequality and exclusion.

Sanskritisation results in the adoption of upper caste rites and rituals. It leads to practices of seducing girls and women, adopting dowry practices, instead of bride price, and practicing caste discrimination against other groups, etc. The effect of such a trend is that the key characteristics of Dalit culture and society have eroded.

Question 33.
Explain ‘Time Slavery’ in the IT Sector. [4]
Answer:
Long working hours are central to the industry’s ‘work culture’. This is due to the time difference between India and the client site, such that conference calls tend to take place in the evening when the working day in the U.S. begins.

Another reason is that overwork is built into the structure of out-sourced projects: project costs and time-lines are usually underestimated in terms of man-days and because man-days are based on an eight-hour day, engineers have to put in extra hours and days to meet the deadlines.

Extended working hours are legitimized by the common management practice of ‘flexi-time’, which in theory gives an employee freedom to choose his or her working hours (within limits) but, which in practice, means that they have to work as long as necessary to finish the task at hand.

But even when there is no real work pressure, they tend to stay late in the office either due to peer pressure or because they want to show the boss that they are working hard.

Question 34.
What are some of the different forms that the family can take?
OR
Caste is a discriminatory system. Elaborate. [4]
Answer:
Nuclear Family: It consists of one set of parents and their children. Extended Family: It consisted of more than one couple and, often, more than two generations live together. The extended family is symptomatic of India. Diverse forms of family:

• Matrilocal-patrilocal (based on residence)
• Matrilineal and patrilineal (based on rules of inheritance)
• Matriarchal and patriarchal (based on authority)

OR

The caste system is a distinct Indian social institution that legitimizes and enforces practices of discrimination against people born into particular castes.
These practices of discrimination are humiliating, exclusionary, and exploitative. The caste system classified people by their occupation and hierarchy of social status. It prescribes strict rules about food and food sharing. There could be a further ranking within each broad occupational category leading to a segmentary organization.

The privileged (and high economic status) sections of society tend to be overwhelmingly ‘upper’ caste while the disadvantaged (and low economic status) sections are dominated by the so-called ‘lower’ castes. The proportion of the population that lives in poverty or affluence differs greatly across caste groups. There is rigidity in the caste system.

Question 35.
How can Secularism be understood in its two forms? [4]
Answer:
Secularism in the Indian context: India is a State recognising all religions to be equal. It does not favor any one particular religion over the others. Opposite of religious chauvinism, implies equal respect for all religions. Example -India as a Secular State, declares public holidays to mark the festivals of all religions. Secularism in the western context: The State has a particular religion. It refers to separation of Church and the State. It means distancing of religion and political authority. Example – Great Britain, etc.

Section – D (18 Marks)

Question 36.
Discuss how work is carried out in a large manufacturing industry. [6]
Answer:
The aim of any industry is good output and it is the responsibility of the manager to get more work done from the workers. Therefore, the work is carried out concerning this aim. The two main ways of making workers produce more are: to extend the working hours and to increase the amount that is produced within a given period. Another way of increasing output is by organizing work.

Taylorism: Frederick Winslow Taylor invented a system in the 1890s, called ‘Scientific Management’ or Taylorism or industrial engineering. All work was broken down into its smallest repetitive elements and divided between workers. Workers were timed with the help of stopwatches and had to fulfill a certain target every day.

Assembly line: Production was further speeded up by this. Each worker sat along a conveyor belt and assembled only one part of the final product. The speed of work could be set by adjusting the speed of the conveyor belt.

Indirect control: In the 1980s, there was an attempt to shift from this system of direct control to indirect control, where workers are supposed to motivate and monitor themselves.

Outsourcing and just-in-time: All services like cleaning, security, and manufacturing of parts are outsourced. The parts suppliers are located around the factory and send the parts every two hours or just in time. For example, In Maruti Udyog Ltd., two cars roll off the assembly line every minute.

Question 37.
Elaborate the features of Social Movement. [6]
Answer:
A social movement has the following characteristics and requirements:

Sustained collective and organized action over a long period. It is often directed against the state, demanding changes in state policy or practice. Leadership and a structure that defines how members relate to each other, make decisions and carry them out. Shared objectives and ideologies.

A social movement has a general orientation or way of approaching bringing about (or preventing) change. These defining features are not constant. They may change throughout a social movement’s life. Aims to bring about changes on a public issue, such as ensuring the right of the tribal population to use the forests or the right of displaced people to settlement and compensation.

The activists carry it out by holding meetings to mobilize people, lobbying with the government, media, and other important makers of public opinion, and distinct modes of protest. This could be candle and torchlight processions, the use of black cloth, street theatres, songs, and poetry.

Social movements cannot change society easily. Since it goes against the existing status quo, interests, and values, it is faced with opposition and resistance.

Question 38.
Demographers and Sociologists have given several reasons for the decline in the sex ratio in India. Elaborate. [6]
OR
What is green revolution and its consequences?
Answer:
Reasons for the declining sex ratio in India:

Maternal mortality is the main health factor that affects women differently from men as there is an increased risk of childbearing. However, developments, it is not the main cause of the decline in the sex-ratio in India. Child-sex ratio shows a steeper decline due to differential treatment of female babies.

Sex-specific abortion or female foeticide has increased due to misuse of pre-natal diagnostic techniques. Decline in the sex ratio is also due to female infanticide, a practice that is a product of cultural and religious beliefs. Economically prosperous families wanting fewer children often prefer male children over female children. Girl children are also severely neglected due to sociocultural norms that prefer sons over daughters.

OR

Green Revolution took place between the 1960s and 1970s. The Green Revolution was a period that began in the 1960s during which agriculture in India was converted into a modern industrial system by the adoption of technology, such as the use of high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, mechanized farm tools, irrigation facilities, pesticides, and fertilizers.

It was a government program concerning agricultural modernization. It was funded by international agencies regarding the utilization of high-yielding varieties or hybrid seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and other inputs to farmers.

Regions such as Punjab, western UR coastal Andhra Pradesh, and parts of Tamil Nadu received the first wave of the Green Revolution. The technological advancement in agriculture was enhanced by scientists and farmers were able to produce surplus crops. Due to the introduction of tillers, tractors, threshers, and harvesters, the people who were formerly involved in these tasks migrated to urban areas.

The demand and the wage for labors increased. However, the class divide increased. Regional inequalities increased. States such as Bihar, eastern UR and Telangana remained underdeveloped.