Solving ICSE Class 10 Geography Previous Year Question Papers ICSE Class 10 Geography Question Paper 2016 is the best way to boost your preparation for the board exams.
ICSE Class 10 Geography Question Paper 2016 Solved
Part – I (30 Marks)
(Attempt all Questions from this part)
Question 1.
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map sheet No. 45D / 7 and answer the following questions:
(a) Give the six figure grid reference for: [2]
(i) Surveyed tree 219 north east ofPirojpura settlement.
(ii) Triangulated height 364 in the southern part of the map extract.
Answer:
(i) 426873
(ii) 403861
(b) What is the direction of flow of Banas river ? Give one evidence for your answer. [2]
Answer:
North East – South West
Evidence – Relative height of river embankment decreases (13r to 8r)
(c) What do you understand by: [2]
(i) 12r in the grid square 4390 and
(ii) 180 in the grid square 3694.
Answer:
(i) Sand dime of height 12r.
(ii) A contour height above sea level 180m.
(d) Calculate the area in kilometre of the region between 38 and. 44 eastings and 88 and 93 northings. [2]
Answer:
Total complete Grids = 42
Area of 1 grid = 1 sq km
Area of 42 grids = 1 × 42 = 42 sq km.
(e) (i) What is the compass direction of settlement Juvol from settlement Amivada ? [2]
(ii) Give the difference in altitude between the highest point on the map to the altitude of Mod Bhatamal.
Answer:
(i) North West to South East
(ii) 542 in Grid (4294) – 198 in Grid (3687)
542-198 = 344
(f) Name the feature depicted by : [2]
(i) Blue line in Balaram nadi
(ii) Brown patch in 4089
Answer:
(i) It is a perennial nadi
(ii) Sand dunes
(g) Name the drainage pattern found in: [2]
(i) 4294
(ii) 3990
Answer:
(i) 4294-Radial
(ii) 3990-Dentric
(h) What do you infer about the climate of the region by the information provided on the map? Give an evidence in support of your answer. [2]
Answer:
Arid – Lack of vegetation
(i) Name two man made and two natural features in 4092. [2]
Answer:
- Manmade – Temple, Well
- Natural – Broken ground
(j) What do the following denote: [2]
(i) Black vertical line running along with 93 easting.
(ii) RS near Chitrasani settlement.
Answer:
(i) Longitude line
(ii) Rest House
Question 2.
On the outline map of India provided:
(a) Draw and number the Standard Meridian of India. [1]
(b) Label the river Mahanadi. [1]
(c) Mark and name Lake Chilka. [1]
(d) Shade and name the Gulf of Mannar. [1]
(e) Mark and name the Vindhya Mountains. [1]
(f) Shade and name a sparsely populated region in western India. [1]
(g) Shade a region with alluvial soil in South India. [1]
(h) Mark and name Kolkata. [1]
(i) Mark with arrows and South West Monsoon winds over the Bay of Bengal. [1]
(j) Mark and name Mumbai High. [1]
Answer:
[Part-II (50 Marks)]
(Attempt any FIVE questions from this Part)
Question 3.
(a) What is the name given to the climate of India? Mention any two factors responsible for such a type of climate. [2]
Answer:
Monsoon climate.
- Surface winds
- Variation in temperature
(b) Name the following: [2]
(i) The winds that bring heavy rain to Cherrapunji.
(ii) The local wind that bring a light rainfall to South India and is good for tea and coffee crops.
Answer:
(i) South-West monsoon
(ii) Mango shower
(c) Give a geographical reason for each of the following: [3]
(i) Kanpur has extreme temperature conditions.
(ii) Kochi is wanner than Mumbai even though both lie on the western coast of India.
(iii) The Ganga Plain gets the monsoon rain much later than the west coast of India.
Answer:
(i) Because Kanpur is far away from the moderating in uence of the sea.
(ii)
- Kochi is closer to Equator therefore receives more heat from sun as compared to Mumbai.
- Kochi receives lesser rainfall as compared to Mumbai as Mumbai receives heavy rainfall throughout the South-West monsoon which mild the temperature at Mumbai.
(iii) The Arabian Sea Branch if the South-West monsoon strikes the western coast on 1st June and whereas they reach the Ganga plains after two weeks.
(d) Study the climatic data of station x given below and answer the questions that follow: [3]
(i) Calculate the total annual rainfall experienced by the station.
(ii) What is the annual range of temperature?
(iii) On which coast of India does the station lie ? Give a reason for your answer.
Answer:
(i) 128.7
(ii) Highest – Lowest 32.5°C – 24:5°C = 8°C
(iii) Coromandal Coast
Question 4.
(a) What is soil erosion ? Mention two steps that could be taken to prevent soil erosion. [2]
Answer:
Soil erosion is the removal of soil by the forces of nature like wind and water, more rapidly than the various soil forming process can replace it.
Prevent soil erosion:
- Afforestation or planting of trees saves the soil from erosion.
- Construction of check-dams is an important method of checking soil erosion in the upper course of the rivers.
(b) Mention two similarities between red soil and laterite soil. [2]
Answer:
- Both these soils are found in southern part of India.
- Both these lack organic elements nitrogen etc.
(c) Give a geographical reason for each of the following:
(i) Alluvial soil differs in texture.
(ii) Black soil does get leached.
(iii) Khaddar is more fertile than bhangar.
Answer:
(i) Because it is transported soil and in the upper course of the river it is coarse where as in the lower coarse it is fine grained.
(ii) Because it become sticky after rain.
(iii) The Khaddar soils are more found as these are found in the low areas of valley bottom which are flooded almost every year.
(d) Define the following: [3]
(i) Sheet erosion
(ii) Soil conservation
(iii) In situ soil
Answer:
(i) Sheet erosion : Sheet erosion is caused by running water when a layer of soil on the surface is removed over a large area.
(ii) Soil conservation : Conservation of soil means various techniques and methods used to save soil from degrading.
(iii) In situ soil : The soil which are found where they are formed. They are also called residual soil, e.g.; Black soil.
Question 5.
(a) (i) Name the forest which is commercially most important in India. [2]
(ii) Name two trees which grow in this forest.
Answer:
(i) Tropical deciduous
(ii) Sandal wood, Teak
(b) (i) Name the forests which grow on the wind ward slope of the Western Ghats. [2]
(ii) Why do such forests grow in this region ?
Answer:
(i) Tropical Evergreen Forests
(ii) Due to heavy rainfall
(c) To which type offorest do the following trees belong ? [3]
(i) Hintal and Sundari.
(ii) Rosewood and Ebony.
(iii) Deodar and Chir Pine.
Answer:
(i) Littoral or mangrove forests
(ii) Tropical evergreen or Tropical rain forests.
(iii) Mountain vegetation
(d) Give three reasons for rapid depletion of forest resources in India in the past. [3]
Answer:
1. Overutilisation of forests: In the earlier days, man’s needs were limited. He was dependent on forests only for a few things, although a lot of things can be obtained from forests. Forests are being used to fulfil man’s needs directly and indirectly. We are obtaining wood, barks, leaves, rubber, medicine, dyes, food, fuel, fodder, etc., from forests.
2. Colonial Plans: The greatest damage in icted on Indian forests was during the colonial period due to the expansion of the railways, agriculture, commercial and scientific forestry and mining activities.
3. Agricultural expansion: Even after independence, agricultural expansion continues to be one of the major causes of depletion. Between 1951 and 1980, according to the Forest Survey of India, over 26,200 sq. km. of forest areas were converted into agricultural lands all over India.
Question 6.
(a) “Without irrigation, development of agriculture is difficult in India.” Clarify the statement by giving two reasons. [2]
Answer:
- Rainfall is very uncertain.
- There is unequal distribution of rainfall.
(b) Mention two factors which are essential for the development of tube well irrigation. [2]
Answer:
- The water table should be high.
- For lifting the water cheap power should be available.
(c) Give one reason for each of the following: [3]
(i) The Northern Plain of India isfound suitablefor canal irrigation.
(ii) Tank irrigation is an important method of irrigation in Karnataka.
(iii) Although expensive, yet, sprinkler irrigation is gaining popularity in recent times.
Answer:
(i) Canal irrigation is suitable for Northern India because
- Low relief area
- Even surface so digging is easy
- Deep fertile soil which helps in recovering the cost of construction of canals.
(ii) Tank irrigation is widely prevalent in Karnataka because :
- The terrain of Deccan Plateau is undulating and is made up of hard rocks which makes it difficult to dig canals and wells.
- There is little percolation of rainwater due to hard rock structure and groundwate is not available in large quantity.
(iii)
- Fertiliser and nutrient loss is minimisd due to localised application and reduced leading.
- Water application efficiency is high.
- Field levelling is not necessary.
(d) (i) What is rainwater harvesting ? [3]
(ii) Mention two objectives of rainwater harvesting.
Answer:
(i) “It is the technique of increasing the reharge of groundwater by capturing and storing raiwater by constructing structures such aspercolatingnts, check dams, etc.”
(ii)
- To overcome the inadequacy of suface water to meet our demands.
- To check decline in groundwater levels.
Question 7.
(a) (i) Name any three types of coal found in Inca. [2]
(ii) Which type of coal is mostly used in Iron and Steel Industries ?
Answer:
(i) Anthracite, Bituminous and Lignite
(ii) Anthracite coal is mostly used in Iron and Steel Industries.
(b) Name the following: [2]
(i) An off-shore oilfield of India.
(ii) An iron ore mine of Karnataka.
Answer:
(i) Mumbai High
(ii) Kemmangundi
(c) Name the following: [3]
(i) Largest coal field of India.
(ii) Oldest oil-field of India.
(iii) Best variety of iron ore.
Answer:
(i) Jharia in Jharkhand.
(ii) The Digboi field.
(iii) Magnetite.
- It contains more than 70% of iron.
- It has excellent magnetic qualities.
(d) (i) Name the metal extracted from Bauxite [3]
(ii) Mention two uses of this metal.
Answer:
(i) Aluminium
(ii)
- It is used for making pots, pans ad parts of automobiles.
- It is used to make electrical wires.
Question 8.
(а) Mention any two reasons for the importance c agriculture in India. [2]
Answer:
- agriculture is the mainstay of Indian economy because about 67% of our population depends directly indirectly on agriculture.
- The provides raw materials to the industries.
(b) With reference to rice cultivation answer the following: [2]
(i) Why does rice grow well in a soil wii a clay like subsoil ?
(ii) What is the advantage of growing ricdn nurseries before it is transplanted ?
Answer:
(i) Ice requires stagnant water in the field. The previous subsoil layer prevents water from draining way and allows the water to stagnate in the fields.
(ii) The process of transplantation allows better penetration (deeper penetration) of the roots in the soil.
The process of transplantation greatly increases the yield of the crop.
(c) Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow: [3]
(i) Name one State where this crop grows well.
(ii) They are mostly women employed to harvest it ?
(iii) Mention two geographical conditions suitable for the cultivation of this crop.
Answer:
(i) Assam
(ii) Tea plucking is a skillful job, requiring patience and judgment. It is usually done by women who are better pickers.
(iii) Temperature: Tea plant can grow in temperature ranging between 20 °C and 35 °C but 25°C is the ideal temperature. Frost damages the plant.
Rainfall: Tea plant needs heavy rainfall ranging / between 150 cm to 250 cm. The rainfall should be well distributed throughout the year.
(d) Explain briefly the following terms : [3]
(i) shifting cultivation
(ii) Bud grafting
(iii) oil cake
Answer:
(i) Sifting cultivation: A method of fanning in which watch of ground is cultivated for a period of few years until the soil is partly exhausted.
(ii) Bd grafting: Under grafting a bud of a high yielding plant is attached to another plant. When the seedlings are about 5cm high, buds from high yielding clones are grafted on to the seedlings. The new plant combines the best qualities of both.
(iii) Oilcake: A by-product, obtained after the extraction of oil from oilseeds.
Question 9.
(a) Give two reasons for the importance of the jute industry in the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta region. [2]
Answer:
- West Bengal is the home of jute. It produces the highest number of bales of jute fibre.
- The industry consumes huge quantity of water which is easily available from the Hoogli river.
(b) Mention two problems of the Cotton Textile industry in India. [2]
Answer:
- Problem of raw material: ‘Long staple’ fibre is best fibre but most of the cotton grown in India is the ‘short staple’ fibre.
- International competition: Countries like Taiwan, South Korea and Japan are giving a stiff competition.
(c) (i) Give two reasons why the woollen industry is not a flourishing industry in India. [3]
(ii) Name two centres for this industry.
Answer:
(i)
- Shortage of raw wool: India does not produce sufficient quantity of fine quality raw wool.
- Lack of market: Most parts of India have tropical and sub-tropical climate which restricts the demand for woollen clothes.
(ii) Dhariwal (Punjab), Mumbai (Maharashtra), Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh), Jamnagar (Gujarat).
(d) With reference to the silk industry, answer the following: [3]
(i) Why is Karnataka the largest producer of mulberry silk?
(ii) Mention two varieties of non-mulberry silk produced in India.
(iii) Name one silk weaving centre each in U.P. and in Tamil Nadu.
Answer:
(i)
- The temperature ranges from 16°C. – 31 °C, enjoys favourable climatic conditions for rearing the silkworms.
- Karnataka is the hub of skilled workers which are required for production of silk.
(ii) Tasar and Eri
(iii) UP – Gorakhpur
Tamil Nadu – Chennai
Question 10.
(a) Mention two advantage that a mini steel plant has over an integrated iron and steel plant. [2]
Answer:
- Most of the mini steel plants are located in areas far away from the integrated steel plants so they meet the local demands.
- They utilize scrap/sponge iron from large steel plants as raw materials. So these help in recycling of iron and making the scrap useful and profitable.
- They need less investment so they suit Indian economy.
(b) (i) Name an iron and steel plant which was established with British collaboration. [2]
(ii) From where does it get its supply of:
1. Iron ore
2. Manganese
3. Coal
Answer:
(i) Durgapur
(ii) 1. Iron ore : Iron ore is obtained from Singbhum (Jharkhand) and Keonjhar (Odisha).
2. Manganese: Manganese comes from Joda mines of Keonjhar district in Odisha.
3. Coal: Coal is obtained from Raniganj and Jharia.
(c) Give a reason for each of the following : [3]
(i) Products made from petrochemicals are growing in popularity.
(ii) A heavy engineering industry requires huge capital investment.
(iii) The electronics industry contributes to the development of the country.
Answer:
(i)
- Petrochemicals are cost effective.
- Its raw material is easily available.
(ii)
- Because it needs research and development facility.
- Raw material and other inputs are very costly.
(iii)
- Indian electronics industry is contributing a lot to space technology. India has launched several indigenously built satellites including APPLE, INSAT-1 series and INSAT-2 series.
- It has played a major role in the development of telecom sector.
- It brings foreign exchange as it is an export industry.
(d) Name the industrial product for which the following centres are well known: [3]
(i) Bhilai
(ii) Chittaranjan
(iii) Koraput.
Answer:
(i) Bhilai – Steel plant
(ii) Chittaranjan – Locomotive works
(iii) Koraput – Air craft
Question 11.
(a) Mention two advantages and one disadvantage of waterways. [3]
Answer:
Advantages of Waterways :
- Waterways are the cheapest means of transport.
- They are most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods.
- It is a fuel-efficient and environment-friendly mode of transport.
Disadvantage of Waterways :
- Water transport as a whole is much slower than its road, rails or air competitors.
- It provides access to limited areas.
(b) Roadways are always considered more important than any other means of transportation. Give two reasons in support of the statement. [2]
Answer:
- Roads require less investment as compared to railway.
- These can be built at higher altitudes and at any place.
- Maintenance cost is also low.
(c) (i) Mention any two sources of waste. [2]
(ii) What are Biodegradable waste ?
Answer:
(i) Source of waste: Domestic Waste and Industrial Waste.
(ii) Biodegradable waste: Biodegradable waste includes that material which breakdown or decompose in the soil, e.g., fruits and vegetables.
(d) Explain briefly the meaning of the following terms: [3]
(i) Composting
(ii) Incineration
(iii) Segregation.
Answer:
(i) Composting: Composting is a biological process in which micro-organisms, mainly fungi and bacteria, convert degradable organic waste into humus-like substance.
(ii) Incineration: Reduction in weight and volume of solid waste disposal is called incineration.
(iii) Segregation: Segregation refers to the separation of waste into different categories of waste. Segregation depends upon the waste disposal technique. The most popular segregation is biodegradable and non- biodegradable.