Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science with Solutions Set 11 are designed as per the revised syllabus.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Social Science Set 11 with Solutions
Time : 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80
General Instructions:
- Question paper comprises five Sections – A, B, C, D and E. There are 37 questions in the question paper. All questions are compulsory.
- Section A – From question 1 to 20 are MCQs of 1 mark each.
- Section B – Question no. 21 to 24 are Very Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 40 words.
- Section C contains Q.25to Q.29 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 60 words.
- Section D – Question no. 30 to 33 are long answer type questions, carrying 5 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words.
- Section-E – Questions no from 34 to 36 are case based questions with three sub questions and are of 4 marks each.
- Section F – Question no. 37 is map based, carrying 5 marks with two parts, 37a from History (2 marks) and 37b from Geography (3 marks).
- There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions. Only one of the choices in such questions have to be attempted.
- In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary.
Section – A
MCQs (1 x 20 = 20)
Question 1.
What, led to the coIIapse of fixed exchange rates system?
(a) GoId no Ionger commanded the respect of the markets.
(b) DoIIar had Iost its respect in the market as the principIe currency.
(c) Other currencies had over taken DoIIar in the market.
(d) SiIver was now used to fix the price of a singIe doIIar instead of goId. [1]
Answer:
(b) Dollar had lost its respect in the market as the principle currency.
Explanation: From the 1960s, the rising costs of the US’s overseas involvements weakened its finances and competitive strength. The US dollar now no Longer commanded confidence as the world’s principal currency. It could not maintain its value in relation to gold.
Related Theory
It eventually led to the collapse of the system of fixed exchange rates and the introduction of a system of floating exchange rates.
Question 2.
Which of the foIIowing subjects is incIuded in the state list as mentioned in the Indian Constitution?
(a) Marriages
(b) Adoption
(c) PoIice
(d) Banking [1]
Answer:
(c) Police
Explanation: The seventh schedule under Article 246 of the constitution deals with the division of powers between the union and the states. It contains three lists.
The union list has subjects on which Parliament may make laws. The state list includes subjects under the purview of state legislatures like policing, liquor, land, and local government. The concurrent list has subjects in which both Parliament and state legislatures have jurisdiction.
Related Theory:
The Constitution accords supremacy to the Parliament on concurrent list items in case of a conflict between the central and state laws.
Question 3.
Study the picture beIow and identify the sector that the depicted activity beIong to:
(a) Primary sector
(b) Secondary sector
(c) Tertiary sector
(d) Quaternary Sector [1]
Answer:
(d) Secondary Sector
Explanation: A woman can be seen making clothes out of the raw material along with other workers surrounding her. This shows she is manufacturing a good which classifies her into the category of secondary sector.
Related Theory:
A sector which provides services and support to the Primary and Secondary Sector is called the Tertiary Sector.
Caution:
Picture related questions are not asked directly. They focus on the concept and ask questions based on its application. Observing and deciphering the message of the picture is extremely important.
Question 4.
Arrange the foIIowing institutions of power in the increasing order of the size of their jurisdiction:
(I) Panchayat Samiti or MandaI
(II) State Government
(III) Gram Panchayat
(IV) ZiIIa Parishad Options:
(a) (I)-(II)-(III)-(IV)
(b) (IV)-(I)-(II)-(III)
(c) (III)-(I)-(IV)-(II)
(d) (II)-(I)-(III)-(IV) [1]
Answer:
(c) (III)-(I)-(IV)-(II)
Explanation: Gram Panchayat heads a village or groups of villages.
Samitis head groups of gram panchayats.
Zilla Parishad heads all panchayat samitis of a district.
State governments head zilla parishads.
Question 5.
Identify the name of the country using the given hints:
(1) This country cut off its cotton suppIies to Britain when a civiI war broke out.
(2) The country was discovered by Christopher CoIumbus.
(a) BeIgium
(b) India
(c) USA
(b) ScotIand [1]
Answer:
(c) USA
Explanation: The American Civil War broke out and thus the cotton supplies to Britain were cut off completely. The UK turned to India to fill this deficiency.
Related Theory:
When Britain turned to India, raw cotton exports from India increased and the price of raw cotton shot up.
Caution:
Questions which require identification of countries, cities or any other things need to solved carefully. Each hint should be connected with the other to finally identify the mentioned subject.
Question 6.
What are SEZs?
(a) forums for SociaI and Economic reforms
(b) speciaI Zones with Economic and Tax benefits for investors
(c) Conferences for EnvironmentaI safety and concerns
(d) Seminars for Eco-friendIy and SustainabIe DeveIopment [1]
Answer:
(b) special Zones with Economic and Tax benefits for investors.
Explanation: Special Economic Zones (SEZs), have world class facilities: electricity, water, roads, transport, storage, recreational and educational facilities. Companies who set up production units in the SEZs do not have to pay taxes for an initial period of five years. Government has also allowed flexibility in the labour laws to attract foreign investment.
Question 7.
Match the items in coIumn A with those of coIumn B and find the most appropriate code which refIects the correctIy matched pairs.
| Column A | Column B | ||
| (A) | Cotton | (I) | Uttar Pradesh |
| (B) | Jute | (II) | Maharashtra |
| (C) | Wheat | (III) | Rajasthan |
| (D) | Bajra | (IV) | West Bengal |
Codes:
(a) A-(I), B-(III), C-(IV), D-(II)
(b) A-(III), B-(IV), C-(II), D-(I)
(c) A-(II), B-(IV), C-(I), D-(III)
(d) A-(IV), B-(III), C-(II), D-(I) [1]
Answer:
(c) A-(II), B-(IV), C-(I), D-(III)
Explanation: Wheat is the main food crop, in north and north-western part of the country. Bajra grows well on sandy soils and shallow black soil. Major Bajra producing states are Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Haryana.
Question 8.
Which one of these is NOT a function of a poIiticaI party?
(a) to refIect fundamental poIiticaI divisions in a society
(b) to contest eIections
(c) to pIay a decisive roIe in making Iaws
(d) to form and run governments [1]
Answer:
(a) To reflect fundamental political divisions in a society
Explanation: Political Parties fill political offices and exercise political power by contesting elections.
They are created to expand democracy to the grass root Level. They don’t reflect any political divisions in a society.
Question 9.
How did the OraI cuIture enter the worId of print?
(a) PeopIe began debating about what was printed in the newspaper.
(b) PeopIe taIked about important issues and then wrote about their opinions in the pamphIets.
(c) Printers began pubIishing popuIar baIIads which were profuseIy iIIustrated with pictures. These were then sung and recited at gatherings in viIIages and taverns.
(d) PeopIe were writing new prose work which interested a Iot of peopIe and they began to interview peopIe about it. [1]
Answer:
(c) Printers began publishing popular ballads which were profusely illustrated with pictures. These were then sung and recited at gatherings in villages and taverns.
Explanation: Oral culture thus entered print and printed material was orally transmitted. The line that separated the oral and reading cultures became blurred. And the hearing public and reading public became intermingled.
Question 10.
Which of the foIIowing factors determines the use of Iand in India?
(a) PhysicaI factors such as topography
(b) Human factors such as popuIation density
(c) SpirituaI factors Iike Vastu
(d) Both (a) or (b) [1]
Answer:
(d) Both (a) or (b)
Question 11.
Choose the incorrect pair:
| Column A | Column B | ||
| (A) | Community Government | (I) | Power is shared among different social groups. |
| (B) | Coalition Government | (II) | Many political Government |
| (C) | Civil War | (III) | A war in which two countries participate. |
| (D) | Checks and Balances | (IV) | Horizontal system of power sharing. |
Answer:
(c) Civil War-(III) A war in which two countries participate.
Explanation: A civil war is a violent conflict between opposing groups within a country that becomes so intense that it appears like a war. So, it is fought inside a country.
Question 12.
There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and a Reason (R). Mark your answer as per the codes provided beIow: Assertion (A): Dams aIso fragment rivers making it difficuIt for aquatic fauna to migrate.
Reason (R): Dams are created to reroute rivers in the first pIace.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct expIanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct expIanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is faIse.
(d) Assertion (A) is faIse but Reason (R) is true. [1]
Answer:
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
Explanation: Regulating and damming of rivers affect their natural flow causing poor sediment flow and excessive sedimentation.
They are not used to reroute rivers but to store water.
Related Theory:
Multi-purpose projects and large dams have also been the cause of many new environmental movements like the ‘Narmada Bachao Andolan’
and the ‘Tehri Dam Andolan’.
Question 13.
Choose the odd one out.
(a) Infant MortaIity Rate, Iiteracy Rates, Mean years of schooIing
(b) Average years of schooIing, MaternaI mortaIity rate
(c) Gross NationaI Income, Mean years of SchooIing at 25 years, Iife expectancy at birth
(d) BMI, Infant mortaIity rates, deveIopmentaI goaIs [1]
Answer:
(c) Gross National Income, Mean Years of Schooling at 25 years, Life expectancy at birth
Explanation: This option includes all the necessary indicators required to measure HDI by the UNDP. Rest of the options show indicators which are either not calculated or are not adequate for calculating the HDI.
Question 14.
Read the given tabIe about TrishaIa’s terms of credit agreement with the Bank of Bhopal.
| Principal | 1,00,000 rupees payable at the end of the third year directly |
| Rate of Interest | 12% pa simple interest. |
| Duration of the loan | 3 years |
| Collateral | Documents of the new car Trishala will buy. |
CaIcuIate the amount TrishaIa owes to the bank at the end of three years.
(a) Rs 148000
(b) Rs 124000
(c) Rs 136000
(d) Rs 150000 [1]
Answer:
(c) 136000
Explanation: Simple Interest = \(\frac{P \times R \times T}{100}\)
Amount payable = P + SI
SI = \(\frac{100000 \times 12 \times 3}{100}\)
= Rs 36000
Amount = 100000 + 36000
Amount = Rs 136000
Question 15.
Rampur is an area where 80% peopIe borrow money from the bank whiIe 10% don’t borrow and the rest 10% take it from their friends, reIatives or IocaI moneylenders. Based on this arrangements where wiII Rampur be situated?
(a) In an Urban Region
(b) Semi-Urban area
(c) In a Rural region
(d) CapitaI of a country [1]
Answer:
(a) In an Urban Region
Question 16.
Which of the foIIowing countries is an exampIe of a country having the muIti-party system?
(a) USA
(b) SwitzerIand
(c) India
(d) United Kingdom [1]
Answer:
(c) India
Explanation: If several parties compete for power, and more than two parties have a reasonable chance of coming to power either on their own strength or in alliance with others, we call it a multi-party system.
Related Theory:
The United States of America and the United Kingdom are examples of two-party system.
Question 17.
Fill in the bIank by choosing the most appropriate option:
The BeIgian government shifted to a federal from a ………………… form of government.
(a) ParIiamentary
(b) Presidential
(c) Aristocratic
(d) Unitary [1]
Answer:
(d) Unitary
Explanation: In a federal form of govt, the state/regional government are not subordinate to the central government.
Related Theory:
In Belgium, in 1993, through constitutional amendment, the regional governments state were made independent of central government
completely.
Question 18.
How did the Bretton Woods system affect the gIobaI market of the 20th century?
(a) It caused extreme economic depression.
(b) It inaugurated an era of unprecedented growth of trade and incomes for the Western industriaI nations and Japan.
(c) It affected the trade fIows and caused extreme unempIoyment.
(d) It discouraged global investments and trade. [1]
Answer:
(b) It inaugurated an era of unprecedented growth of trade and incomes for the Western industrial nations and Japan.
Explanation: The Bretton Woods system inaugurated an era of unprecedented growth of trade and incomes for the Western industrial nations and Japan. World trade grew annually at over 8 per cent between 1950 and 1970 and incomes at nearly 5 per cent. The growth was also mostly stable, without large fluctuations.
Related Theory:
These decades also saw the worldwide spread of technology and enterprise. Developing countries were in a hurry to catch up with the advanced industrial countries.
Question 19.
UNDP can be expanded as:
(a) United Nations DeveIopment Programme
(b) United Nations Diversity Programme
(c) United Nations Democratic Programme
(d) United Nations Diversity Network Programme [1]
Answer:
(a) United Nations Development Programme
Explanation: The United Nations Development Programme is a United Nations agency tasked with helping countries eliminate poverty and achieve sustainable economic growth and human development.
Related Theory:
It is the largest UN development aid agency, with offices in 170 countries.
Question 20.
Read the foIIowing statements carefuIIy and identify the statements which is/are reIated to unorganised sector based on the codes that foIIow:
(I) A teacher taking cIasses in a schooI.
(II) A head Ioad worker carrying a bag of cement on his back in a market.
(III) A farmer irrigating her fieId.
(IV) A doctor in a hospitaI treating a patient.
(V) A daiIy wage Iabourer working under a contractor.
(VI) A factory worker going to work in a big factory.
(VII) A handIoom weaver working in her house.
Codes:
(a) I, III, V, VII
(b) I, II, IV, VI
(c) II, III, IV, VII
(d) II, III, V, VII [1]
Answer:
(d) II, III, V VII
Explanation: The unorganised sector is characterised by small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government. Jobs here are low-paid and often not regular. There is no provision for overtime, paid leave, holidays, leave due to sickness etc. employment is not secure.
Organised sector covers those enterprises or places of work where the terms of employment are regular and people have assured work. They get paid leaves, payment during holidays, PF, gratuity, pension after they retire, medical facilities, etc.
Section -B
Very Short Answer Type Questions (2 x 4 = 8)
Question 21.
How did the IocaI peopIe in the areas conquered by NapoIion react to French ruIe? ExpIain.
OR
Why was the Swaraj Party formed? [2]
Answer:
Local people in the areas ruled by Napoleon reacted in the following ways:
- Peasants, artisans, workers and businessmen enjoyed the freedom they had found after abolition of the feudal system.
- However, as the initial enthusiasm wore off, people began hating his rule and army. They began to realise that for administrative reforms, their political freedom had been compromised.
- Increased taxation, censorship, forced conscription into the French armies required to conquer the rest of Europe made them very hostile towards Napoleon and the French army. (Mention any 2 points)
OR
The Swaraj Party was formed by C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru within the Congress to contest for the council elections.
Leaders were tired of protesting for a long time and wanted to attempt to bring a change from inside the administration by participating in the council.
Question 22.
Mention in brief two characteristics of Joint Forest Management. [2]
Answer:
Two characteristics of the Joint Forest Management are:
- It involves local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests.
- Local village people undertake protection activities mostly on degraded forest land managed by the forest department. In return, they are entitled to intermediary benefits like non-timber forest produces.
Question 23.
Deposits with the banks are beneficial to the depositors as weII as to the nation. Do you agree? ExpIain. [2]
Answer:
Banks benefit the depositors and the nation simultaneously:
- Banks accept the deposits and pay interest to the depositors, like a bonus on their savings, the money deposited is in turn used to extend loans to the needy.
- Banks keep the deposits of people safe and simultaneously they also provide capital for various small and big businesses, encouraging industrialists and native craftsmen, helping the economy of the country to grow.
- Banks meditate between those who have surplus funds and those are in need of these funds, thus it helps in promoting equitable distribution. (Mention any 2 points)
Question 24.
How is economic inequaIity reIated to caste inequaIity? [2]
Answer:
- Economic Inequality is closely connected to casteism because people belonging to disadvantaged castes are deprived of various economic resources in their everyday lives.
- They are deprived of economic growth and development which pushes them into a vicious circle of poverty.
Section – C
Short Answer Type Questions (3 x 5 = 15)
Question 25.
Who organised the DaIits into the Depressed CIasses Association in 1930? Why did he cIash with Gandhi ji and what was the resuIt?
OR
Describe the events of French RevoIution which had infIuenced the peopIe beIonging to other parts of Europe. [3]
Answer:
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar who had himself been severely looked down upon due to his caste, raised the demand for separate electorates for Dalits which would confirm their representation in the associations.
(1) Dalits were highly discriminated against and Dalit leaders were afraid of being subjugated by majority of higher classes.
(2) They were sure they would be neglected completely and no heed will be paid towards their issues in the legislature unless they received proper representation in the lawmaking body.
(3) Thus, Ambedkar clashed with Mahatma Gandhi at the second Round Table Conference for Separate electorates for Dalits to ensure their true representation and also organised the Dalits into the Depressed classes association in 1930.
OR
Following are the events which affected the perspective of European people :
(1) With the news of the events of French Revolution reaching other cities, students and other members were encouraged to rebel for equality and liberty. The educated middle class began to set up Jacobin clubs in various cities.
(2) They began to organise activities and campaigns which made it easy for French armies to influence people.
(3) They helped the French armies to carry the idea of nationalism and spread it abroad. They encouraged the spread of these ideas through national symbols. A sense of collective identity was thus created.
Question 26.
“IndustriaIisation and urbanisation go hand in hand”. ExpIain and vaIidate the statement. [3]
Answer:
As soon as any industrial activity starts in a town, urbanisation follows.
(1) Industry provides employment to skilled and semi-skilled labourers in large numbers. Population migrates from rural hinterlands to seek jobs in these industries.
(2) Once mass migration occurs, the town develops its Housing and transportation facilities to accommodate these people.
(3) Schools, Colleges, Markets, Hospitals and other infrastructural facilities follow once the living standard of the inhabitants is capable enough to support them. Slowly, an uninhabited town becomes a fully functional city with all kinds of facilities available for its citizens.
Question 27.
ExpIain the three components of a ‘poIitical party’. [3]
Answer:
Three components of a political party are:
(1) The Leaders: Most prominent leaders, usually the founder, and most trustworthy who formulate policies and programmes of the party are chosen for contesting elections. These are the topmost base of every party.
(2) The Active Members: These people are involved in different committees of the party and participate directly in campaigning. They link the leaders to followers.
(3) The Followers: They believe in the party’s ideology and support the party by casting their votes in favour of the party at the time of elections. They are not associated with politics directly.
Question 28.
Why did the Indian government put barriers on foreign trade and foreign investments after independence? ExpIain. [3]
Answer:
Developmental goals can be different for different people in the following ways:
(1) Different people have different priorities for some job, house or food is important, for others respect, security at the workplace or opportunities to study.
(2) For example, a poor man may want a job to support his livelihood and his family while a businessman from a rich urban family would want to secure all possible kinds of luxury for his family and himself
(3) Developmental Goals can thus be different for people of different economic, mental and social standards. Thus what may be the developmental goal for one may not be a developmental goal for the other.
Question 29.
How can different peopIe have different development goaIs? [3]
Answer:
Indian Government put barriers against foreign trade and investments after independence because:
- Indian products and producers needed protection against cheaper foreign alternatives.
- As Indian industries were just coming up in 1950s and 1960s, the competition from more developed foreign industries at that stage would not have allowed these industries to come up.
- To stabilize its economy, India needed to export more and import less. Putting barriers discouraged the people from buying imported goods thus helping India to make it balance of trade less negative.
Section – D
Long Answer Type Questions (5 x 4 = 20)
Question 30.
How do democracies accommodate sociaI diversities? ExpIain any two conditions.
OR
Describe any five characteristic features of democracy. [5]
Answer:
Democrarcies accommodate social diversities in various ways. This can be asserted through the following statements:
- Democrarcies provide solutions for living a harmonious social life even when the citizens are ethnically diverse. Belgium has done the same for its diverse population.
- Democrarcy provides opportunity to negotiate differences and deliberate right choices for everyone.
- Democrarcies provide inclusion for every race, ethnicity, caste, gender and creed.
- Non Democratic regimes do not pay attention to internal social problems. They suppress them.
- In a Democracy, opinions of the minorities are also heard and hence every voice is represented and accounted for.
OR
The five characteristics of democracy are as follows:
- Democracy gives power to people to elect their government, control it and remove it from power. It ensures that all its citizens have a say in the functioning of the government.
- No person holds all the power in a democracy. Different political parties compete with each other for authority and power. If the government does not fulfil its promises or fails to live up to the expectations of the people, then it is very likely that it will not get re-elected.
- Democracy ensures that the rights of its people are protected by the state and the government functions according to the laws.
- In a democratic set up, there is no discrimination between people based on race, religion, caste, colour or birth.
- Criticism and feedback are two important mechanisms of democracy to control the government.
The government’s policies are scrutinised and evaluated by the people through the media and the opposition parties.
Question 31.
Compare the geographicaI conditions required for the growth of rice and wheat.
OR
“RaiIways are the principaI mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India.” Justify the statement with arguments. [5]
Answer:
(1) Rice is a kharif crop and requires a hot and humid climate for cultivation while Wheat is a rabi crop.
(2) Temperature above 25°C and high humidity with annual rainfall above 100 cm are favourable for growth of rice while wheat requires a cool growing season and a bright sunshine at the time of ripening.
(3) Rich alluvial soils of the floodplains and deltaic areas which are renewed every year are ideal for rice cultivation while wheat is grown in alluvial soil basins.
(4) Rice requires abundant rainfall or good water supply through irrigation and flooded fields during the earlier part of its growing season in June-July while Wheat requires 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall evenly- distributed during its growing season.
(5) Rice requires plenty of cheap labour as most of the farming activities involves manual labour while wheat is not a labour intensive.
OR
Railways are the principal mode of trans-portation for freight and passengers in India as:
(1) The Indian railways is the largest public sector undertaking in the country.
(2) Trains cover long distances.
(3) Trains transport a large number of passengers as well as goods at the same time.
(4) Superfast passenger trains and goods trains provide comfortable journey.
(5) Freight trains transport heavy and bulky raw material to the manufacturing industries and finished goods to the market.
(6) They also help in strengthening national integration as people of different regions, languages and religion travel together and learn new ideas and ways of living from one another. (Mention any five points)
Question 32.
‘MusIims in India were Iukewarm in their response to Civil Disobedience Movement, Examine the statement.
OR
ExpIain the ways through which British manufacturers attempted to take over the Indian market. [5]
Answer:
Muslims felt alienated from Hindus due to the decline of the Khilafat-Non Cooperation Movement.
- Congress became closer to be identified with radical Hindu groups like Hindu Mahasabha, etc.
- The British tried to widen the gap between these communities by favouring one and alienating the others and hence, the communities grew further apart.
- Religious protests and militant fervour, provoking communal sentiments and riots were organised in various cities.
- Muslims were scared of being alienated and subdued by the Hindu Majority.
- Thus they gave an extremely lukewarm response to the Non-cooperation movement.
OR
Industrialiste from Manchester, used advertisements to take over Indian market:
- They put labels on cloth bundles before sending them to India which made the place of manufacture of the cloth and name of the company familiar to the buyer.
- The “Made in Manchester” label was also supposed to be a mark of quality and guarantee.
- Labels also carried images of Indian gods and goddesses printed on them to lure Indians.
- The images of Krishna or Saraswati were also intended to make the manufacture from a foreign land appear familiar to people.
- The manufactures also printed calendars with images of gods/goddesses (because they were used by people of all statuses) to popularize their products.
- The figures of important personages also began to be used in advertisements and calendars. The message they conveyed was that when the product was being used by kings, or produced under royal command, its quality could not be questioned. (Mention any 5 points)
Question 33.
Has GIobaIisation equaIIy benefited peopIe from every economic cIass or status? Justify the statement with five arguments.
OR
Why is agricuIture the most Iabour absorbing sector in India? How does disguised unempIoyment make it worse? ExpIain with an exampIe. [5]
Answer:
No, Globalisation has not been able to proportionally benefit all classes and groups.
(1) Globalisation and greater competition among both local and foreign producers has been of great advantage to consumers. They have greater alternatives to choose from and a comparatively lesser price to pay.
(2) Investment by MNCs in certain sectors like automobiles, technology, fast food, banking and other such services have helped them massively.
(3) Globalisation has caused many problems for craftsmen, native artisans and small industrialists because of severe competition of quality and prices. Batteries, capacitors, plastics, toys, tyres, are some examples.
(4) Globalisation has created new opportunities for companies providing services, particularly those involving IT, it has endangered job security of labourers who, faced stiff competition, are willing to work flexibly even at lower costs than before.
(5) Sometimes the workers who work in shifts on a regular basis during the peak season and help MNCs to make large profits are denied their fair share of benefits brought about by globalisation.
OR
(1) Agriculture is the most Labour absorbing sector because there are not many jobs created in the tertiary and the secondary sector.
(2) Farming does not require a lot of initial investment or very hard training.
(3) Families are involved in Agriculture and hence, it becomes an inherited skill.
(4) Agricultural products have huge demand in the market and can be sold without any processing.
(5) Disguised unemployment which involves employment of more than the required people in a job reduces the productivity of the people and their effort gets divided without earning much.
Question 34.
Read the given source and answer the foIIowing questions:
She is foIIowed by the peopIes of Germany, bearing the bIack, red and goId fIag. InterestingIy, at the time when Sorrieu created this image, the German peopIes did not yet exist as a united nation – the fIag they carry is an expression of IiberaI hopes in 1848 to unify the numerous German-speaking principaIities into a nation-state under a democratic constitution.
(A) Which country is referred to as ‘she’ in the first sentence? [1]
(B) Name the image that the author is taIking about in the given source? [1]
(C) What can be clearly inferred about the notions of collective identity and common cuIture prevaIent among Europeans? [2]
Answer:
(A) This source mentions France as ‘she’ in the first line. France was followed by Germany in the picture of Sorrieu. France was just about to become a nation-state when the picture was printed and thus is seen approaching the Statue of Liberty which represents liberty from absolutist notions.
Related Theory:
- Switzerland had already become a nation-state and thus has passed the Statue of Liberty as a symbol of gaining Liberty.
- England was preceded by Austria, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, Lombardy and Poland in this journey.
(B) Frederic Sorrieu created an image titled as Democratic and Social Republics featuring various countries of the world in a march to the Statue of Liberty representing their struggle to convert to Republics from monarchical states. This paragraph talks about that visual series of four prints.
(C)
- We can clearly infer that the Nations did not share a common identity or culture and were fragmented amongst them.
- Countries in Eastern and Central Europe were ruled by autocratic monarchies with diverse people as citizens who did not follow similar religion or spoke the same language as described in the paragraph.
Related Theory:
These differences did not promote any political unity and they did not share any collective identity. Polish was spoken by the aristocracy of Galicia, German was spoken in Bohemia of the alpine region and French was spoken in France. People of Hungary spoke a variety of dialects in other parts of the country. However Magyar dominated the country.
Question 35.
Read the given source and answer the foIIowing questions:
The totaI voIume of workabIe mineraI deposits is an insignificant fraction i.e. one per cent of the earth’s crust. We are rapidIy consuming mineraI resources that required miIIions of years to be created and concentrated. The geoIogicaI processes of mineraI formation are so sIow that the rates of repIenishment are infiniteIy smaII in comparison to the present rates of consumption. MineraI resources are, therefore, finite and non-renewabIe. Rich mineraI deposits are our country’s extremeIy vaIuabIe but short-Iived possessions.
Continued extraction of ores Ieads to increasing costs as mineraI extraction comes from greater depths aIong with decrease in quaIity.
(A) Give a reason why mineraI resources are finite. [1]
(B) How does the continued extraction of ores affect the quaIity of mineraI resources? [1]
(C) Suggest two measures to conserve mineraI resources. [1]
Answer:
(A) Mineral resources are finite because the rates of their formation are very slow when compared to the rates of their usage. This means they are replenished slowly and should be conserved.
(B) Continued extraction of ores makes the ore/mineral extraction more expensive as they come from greater depths and are deteriorated in quality.
(C) Two measures to conserve mineral resources are:
- Metals should be recycled and upcycled to reduce dependence upon new extraction.
- Improved technologies should be evolved to allow use of low grade ores at low costs.
Question 36.
Read the given source and answer the foIIowing questions:
The idea of power-sharing has emerged in opposition to the notions of undivided poIiticaI power. For a Iong time it was beIieved that aII power of a government must reside in one person or group of persons Iocated at one pIace. It was feIt that if the power to decide is dispersed, it wouId not be possibIe to take quick decisions and to enforce them.
But these notions have changed with the emergence of democracy. One basic principIe of democracy is that peopIe ruIe themseIves through institutions of seIf-governance. In a good democratic government, due respect is given to diverse groups and views that exist in a society. Everyone has a voice in the shaping of pubIic poIicies. Therefore, it foIIows that in a democracy poIiticaI power shouId be distributed among as many citizens as possibIe.
(A) What is the basic principIe of democracy? [1]
(B) Why shouId poIiticaI power be distributed in a democracy? [1]
(C) Why do peopIe ruIe themseIves through institutions of seIf-governance in a democracy? [2]
Answer:
(A) The basic principles of Democracy is that the people are the source of all political power.
(B) Political power should be distributed among various people and institutions in a democracy because:
- This prevents the possibility of despotism and tyranny of the majority community.
- This makes the Democratic government more representative and inclusive.
(C) People rule themselves through institutions of self-governance because people are the source of all power in a democracy. They self -govern as they impart power and authority to these institutions and the individuals governing them by pooling the will and sovereignty.
In other forms of government, the ruler/ despot or the powerful group rules over the people.
Section – F
Map Based Questions (2 + 3 = 5)
Question 37.
a. On the given poIiticaI map of India, identify the pIaces marked as A and B with the heIp of the foIIowing information and write their correct names on the Iines drawn near them.
(A) The pIace where the session of Indian NationaI Congress was heId in September 1920.
(B) A pIace in Gujarat where peasant Satyagraha was organised. [2]
b. On the same outIine map of India Iocate and IabeI any three of the foIIowing with suitabIe symboIs
(a) KaIpakkam – NucIear Power PIant
(b) New MangaIore – Seaport
(c) Pune – Software TechnoIogy Park
(d) Tehri – Dam [3]
Answer:
a. (A) Nagpur (B) Kheda
b. Located and labelled on the map
