CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Set 3 with Solutions

Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography with Solutions Set 3 are designed as per the revised syllabus.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Set 3 with Solutions

Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. This Question paper has four sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, and Section D
2. In Section A question number 1 to 17 are MCQ Type Questions.
3. In Section B question number 18-23 are Short Answer Type Questions (80-100) words. Question 18 & 19 are source-based questions.
4. In Section C question number 24 to 28 are Long Answer based Questions (120-150) words.
5. In Section D question number 29 to 30 are Map based Questions having 5 sub-parts.

Section-A

Question 1.
Which one of the following has played an important role to decline in death rate rapidly throughout the world? [1]
(A) Big Hospitals chain
(B) Revolution in surgery
(C) Medical help through insurance scheme
(D) Inoculation against epidemics and communicable diseases
Answer:
(D) Inoculation against epidemics and communicable diseases
Explanation: Inoculation have greatly reduced the burden of infectious diseases. Inoculation leads to increased life expectancy. Long healthy lives are recognized as a prerequisite for wealth, and wealth promotes health.

Question 2.
Which of the following pairs is matched correctly? [1]

Name of Steel Plant	Collaboration
(A) Rourkela Steel Plant	Russia
(B) Bhilai Steel Plant	Germany
(C) Durga pur Steel Plant	United Kingdom
(D) Bokaro Steel Plant	U.S.A.

Answer:

United Kingdom

Question 3.
(Bi/P) x 1000= [1]
(A) Crude Birth Rate
(B) Negative Birth Rate
(C) Positive Birth Rate
(D) Zero Birth Rate
Answer:
(A) Crude Birth Rate
Explanation: It is important to calculate crude birth rate because it is a useful indicator in studies of population around the world.

Question 4.
Which one of the following countries has officially proclaimed the Gross National Happiness (GNH) as the
measure of the country’s progress? [1]
(A) Nepal
(B) Bhutan
(C) Vietnam
(D) Japan
Answer:
(B) Bhutan
Explanation: Bhutan is the only country in the world to officially proclaim the Gross National Happiness (GNH) as the measure of the country’s progress.

Question 5.
Mixed farming is practiced in: [1]
(A) developing countries
(B) underdeveloped countries
(C) highly developed countries
(D) undeveloped countries
Answer:
(C) highly developed countries
Explanation: Mixed farming requires high capital expenditure on farm machinery and skilled and expertised farmers.

Question 6.
Choose the feature of ‘open cast mining’ from the followings: [1]
(A) Cheapest way of mining.
(B) It requires lifts drills.
(C) It requires ventilation system.
(D) It has high labour cost.
Answer:
(A) Cheapest way of mining.
Explanation: Surface mining also known as open-cast mining is the easiest and the cheapest way of mining minerals that occur close to the surface.

Question 7.
Which of the following is incorrectly matched? [1]

Name of the Port	State Plote
(A) New Mangalore Port	Karnataka
(B) Jawaharlal Nehru Port	Nhava Sheva
(C) Haldia Port	Goa
(D) Kandla Port	Gulf of Kuchchh

Answer:

Goa

Question 8.
Identify which one of the following countries comes under ‘Medium level of Human Development? [1]
(A) Norway
(B) Canada
(C) India
(D) Singapore
Answer:
(C) India
Explanation: India’s HDI value for 2019 was 0.645 which put it in the category of medium human development. India has been positioned at 131 out of 189 countries and territories.

Question 9.
Two elements involved in tertiary activities are: [1]
(A) production and exchange
(B) sale and purchase
(C) transport and communication
(D) All of the Above
Answer:
(D) All of the Above
Explanation: Tertiary activities include both
production and exchange. The production involves the ‘provision’ of services that are consumed’. The output is indirectly measured in terms of wages and salaries. Exchange, involves trade, transport and communication facilities that are used to overcome distance.

Question 10.
One of the great advantages of water transportation is that it does not require: [1]
(A) route construction
(B) road construction
(C) rail construction
(D) dam construction
Answer:
(A) route construction
Explanation: Water transportation does not require route construction as it takes advantage of natural track provided by the nature.

Question 11.
Arrange the States of India with highest to lowest population density: [1]
(i) West Bengal
(ii) Bihar
(iii) Uttar Pradesh
(iv) Maharashtra Options:
(A) i, ii, iii, iv
(B) ii, i, iii, iv
(C) iv, iii, ii, i
(D) ii, iv, i, iii
Answer:
(B) ii, i, iii, iv
Explanation: A sharp increase in population density in Bihar is direct result of inhabited Population growth. Majority of Maharashtra has high dense forest areas so there is low population density there.

Question 12.
Consider the following statements and choose the correct option from the given options: [1]
I. Among all the Personal Communication System Internet is the most effective and advanced one.
II. It is widely used in Rural areas.
Options:
(A) Only Statement I is correct
(B) Both the statements are true and Statement II correctly presents the reason for Statement I
(C) Only Statement II is correct
(D) Both the Statements I and II are incorrect
Answer:
(A) Only Statement I is correct
Explanation: Internet is widely used in urban areas.

Question 13.
Assertion: India’s Human Development Index (HDI) rank in the world is 134. [1]
Reason: HDI measures achievment in Economic growth, Standard of living and Mortality rate. Options:
(A) Only Assertion is correct.
(B) Only Reason is correct.
(C) Both statements are correct Statement II correctly explains Statement I.
(D) Both are correct but not related to each other.
Answer:
(D) Both are correct but not related to each other.
Explanation: Factors mentioned in the reason are responsible for Low/High HDI.

Question 14.
Assertion: In plantation agriculture occurs in Smaller Plots. [1]
Reason: In plantation agriculture skilled and cheap labour is required.
Options:
(A) Only Assertion is correct.
(B) Only Reason is correct.
(C) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
(D) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but not to each other.
Answer:
(B) Only Reason is correct.
Explanation: Plantation agriculture is practised in larger plots and not in smaller plots.

Read the following case study and answer question no 15 to 17.
The Naturalisation of Humans. Benda lives in the wilds of the Abujh Maad area of central India. His village consists of three huts deep in the wilds. Not even birds or stray dogs that usually crowd villages can be seen in these areas. Wearing a small loin cloth and armed with his axe, he slowly surveys the penda (forest) where his tribe practices a primitive form of agriculture called shifting cultivation. Benda and his friends bum smaE patches of forest to clear them for cultivation. The ash is used for making the soil fertile. Benda is happy that the Mahua trees around him are in bloom.

How lucky I am to be a part of this beautiful universe, he thinks as he looks up to see the Mahua, Palash and Sal trees that have sheltered him since childhood. Crossing the penda in a gliding motion, Benda makes his way to a stream. As he bends down to scoop up a palmful of water, he remembers to thank Loi-Lugi, the spirit of the forest for aUowing him to quench his thirst. Moving on with his friends, Benda chews on succulent leaves and roots. The boys have been trying to coUect Gajjhara and Kuchla, from the forest. These are special plants that Benda and his people use.

He hopes the spirits of the forest wiE be kind and lead him to these herbs. These are needed to barter in the madhai or tribal fair coming up the next full moon. He closes his eyes and tries hard to recaE what the elders had taught him about these herbs and the places they are found in. He wishes he had listened more carefully. Suddenly there is a rustling of leaves. Benda and his friends know it is the outsiders who have come searching for them in the wEds. In a single fluid motion Benda and his friends disappear behind the thick canopy of trees and become one with the spirit of the forest.

Question 15.
Which of these types of agriculture is practiced in the viHage of Benda? [1]
(A) Traditional Cultivation
(B) Intensive Cultivation
(C) Shifting Cultivation
(D) Large Scale Cultivation
Answer:
(C) Shifting Cultivation
Explanation: In Benda’s village shifting cultivation is used as a farming method as it involves the cutting and burning of plants in a forest or woodland to create a field.

Question 16.
What is used to make the fertile? [1]
(A) Fertilizers
(B) Manure
(C) Insecticides
(D) Ash
Answer:
(D) Ash
Explanation: Ash is a good source of potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium which is required to keep the soil fertile.

Question 17.
Who had come to search Benda and his friends in the wilds? [1]
(A) WEd animals
(B) Outsiders
(C) Tribals
(D) None of these
Answer:
(B) Outsiders
Explanation: The outsiders wanted to gather knowledge about special plants that Benda and his people used.

Section-B

Question 18.
Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow: [3]
A same increase in population is desirable in a growing economy. However, population growth beyond a certain level leads to problems. Of these the depletion of resources is the most serious. Population decline is also a matter of concern. It indicates that resources that had supported a population earUer are now insufficient to maintain the population. The deadly HIV/ AIDS epidemics in Africa and some parts of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and Asia have pushed up death rates and reduced average Efe expectancy. This has slowed down population growth.

What is the correlation between population economy?
What factors contributed to the slowing down of population growth in Africa?
Mention any one factor that defines population growth.

Answer:

1. The quantity, quality, structure, distribution, and movement of a population can help or hinder the rate of economic development.

2. The deadly HIV/ AIDS epidemics in Africa and some parts of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and Asia have pushed up death rates and reduced average life expectancy. This has slowed down population growth.

3. The fertility rates, mortality rates (life expectancy), the initial age profile of the population (whether it is relatively old or relatively young to begin with) and migration define the population growth. (Any One Point)

Question 19.
Study the following map of the Suez Canal carefully and answer the questions that follow: [3]

Name the country through which this canal passes.
Name the seas connected by this canal.
Why is this canal considered a gateway of Europe to the Indian Ocean?

Answer:

Egypt
Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea
Gateway of Europe to the Indian Ocean:
- It is considered a gateway of Europe to the Indian Ocean as it reduces the distance between Europe and Asia.
- It gives direct sea route distance between Liverpool and Colombo compared to Cape of Good Hope Route.
- It saves time and fuel.
- Any other relevant point.

(Anyone) point) (1 + 1 + 3=5)

Question 20.
Distinguish between regional approach and systematic approach of geography. [3]
Answer:

Regional Approach	Systematic Approach
(i) Regional approach is based on political units.	Systematic approach is based on geographical units.
(ii) In this approach, only a single element is taken up for studies, such as climate.	In this approach, elements that are based on similarities are taken up for studies.
(iii) Regional approach takes into consideration the study of regions throughout the world in order to understand or define the unique characteristics of a particular region.	Systematic approach takes into consideration individual, physical and cultural elements of the Earth.

Question 21.
Distinguish between push factors and pull factors of migration. [3]
Answer:

Push Factors	Pull Factors
(i) The push factors make the place of origin seem less attractive for certain reasons.	The pull factors make the place of destination seem more attractive than the place of origin for certain reasons.
(ii) The push factors motivate the individual to leave a place and relocate.	The pull factors attract an individual to live in a place which provides certain advantages.
(iii) Some of the push factors are unemployment, poor living conditions, climate, political turmoil, etc.	Some of the pull factors are better job opportunities and living conditions, peace and stability, etc.

Question 22.
“A meaningful life is not just a long one; it must be purposeful”. Support the statement with any three suitable arguments. [3]
OR
How many types of subsistence agriculture are practised in the world? Mention the main features of each type.
Answer:
“A meaningful life is not just a long one; it must be purposeful”. This refers to the fact that people should be happy, healthy, able to develop some talent, productive towards the society and free to achieve their goals. The concept of human development was introduced by Dr. Mahbub -ul-Haq. Dr. Haq has described human development as development that increases people’s choices, improves their lives and widens their level of well-being.

For example, an uneducated child cannot make the choice to be a doctor because the choice has got limited by lack of education. Similarly, very often poor people cannot choose to take medical treatment for disease because their choice is very limited by their lack of resources. In India, a large number of women and people belonging to socially and economically backward groups drop out of school. This shows how the choices of these groups get limited by not having access to knowledge. Therefore, access to resources, health and education are the key areas in human development.

OR
Two types of Subsistence Agriculture:

Primitive Subsistence agriculture
Intensive Subsistence agriculture (Any one) (1)

1. Main features of Primitive Subsistence Agriculture:

It is also called shifting agriculture/slash and burn/Jhumming/Milpa/Ladang.
It is widely practised by tribes in tropics: Africa, South and Central America, Southeast Asia.
Vegetation is cleared by fire and ashes add to soil fertility.
Farms are small.
Primitive tools are used. (1 + 1 = 2)

2. Main features of Intensive Subsistence Agriculture:

It is practiced in densely populated regions of monsoon Asia.
Land holdings are small.
Farmers work with family workers.
Use of machinery is limited.
Farmyard manure is used for soil fertility.

(Anyone) (4+ 14+1 + 1=3)

Question 23.
Explain retail trading services. [3]
Answer:
Retail trading services are:

The business activity concerned with the sale of goods directly to consumers.
Most of the retail trading takes place in the fixed establishments or stores solely devoted to selling activity.
Street peddling handcarts, trucks, door to door mail order, telephone, automatic vending machines are also examples of non-store retail trading services. (1×3=3)

Section-C

Question 24.
Describe any five characteristics of ‘Pastoral Nomadism’ in the world. [3]
Answer:
Characteristics of Pastoral Nomadism:

It is a primitive subsistence activity.
The herder rely on animals for food, clothing, shelter, tools and transport.
They move from one place to another with their livestock, depending on the amount & quality of pasture and water.
A nomadic community occupies a well-identified territory.
A wide variety of animals kept.
The number of pastoral nomads has been decreasing.
Any other relevant point.

(Describe any five points) (1×5 = 5)
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2019]

Detailed Answer:
Characteristics of pastoral nomadism can be listed as under:
(i) Pastoral nomadism is a primitive subsistence activity, in which the herders rely on animals for food, clothing, shelter, tools and transport. They move from one place to another along with their livestock, depending on the amount and quality of pastures and water.

(ii) Each nomadic community occupies a well-identified territory as a matter of tradition.

(iii) A wide variety of animals are kept in different regions. In tropical Africa, cattle are the most important livestock, while in Sahara and Asiatic deserts, sheep, goats and camel are reared. In the mountainous areas of Tibet and Andes, yak and llamas, and in the Arctic and sub-Arctic areas, reindeer are the most important animals.

(iv) Pastoral nomadism is associated with three important regions. The core region extends from the Atlantic shores of North Africa eastwards across the Arabian peninsula into Mongolia and Central China. The second region extends over the tundra region of Eurasia. In the southern hemisphere, there are small areas in Southwest Africa and on the island of Madagascar.

(v) Movement in search of pastures is undertaken either over vast horizontal distances or vertically from one elevation to another in the mountainous regions. In mountain regions, such as Himalayas, Gujjars, Bakarwals, Gaddis and Bhotiyas migrate from plains to the mountains in summers and to the plains from the high-altitude pastures in winters. Similarly, in the tundra regions, the nomadic herders move from south to north in summers and from north to south in winters.

Question 25.
Explain the major factors influencing the location of industries. [3]
Answer:
Various factors influencing the location of industries are:
(i) Physical factors: Land, climate, power resources, natural vegetation. The most important factor influencing the location of an industry is the availability of cheap power. Water, wind, coal, gas, oil, electricity are the main source of power. The extensive use of these sources of power has led to the flexibility leading to dispersal and centralisation of industries. It is easier to set up industries in plain areas situated near the river banks rather than on the hilly terrains. In modern times, strategic considerations are playing a vital role in determining industrial location.

Access to market is an important factor which the entrepreneur should take into consideration. Industries located near the markets could be able to reduce the costs of transport in distributing the finished produced such as bread and bakery, etc. Natural and climatic considerations include level of ground, topography of a region, water facilities, drainage facilities, disposal of waste products, etc. These factors influence the location of industries.

(ii) Economic factors: Labour, capital, means of transport. Adequate supply of cheap and skilled labour is necessary for the industry. The attraction of an industry towards labour centres depends on the ratio of labour cost to the total cost of production. Nearness to the sources of raw materials also influences the location of the industry. Nearness to the sources of raw materials would reduce the cost of production of the industry. Capital is required for the setting up of an industry, for its running and also at the time of its expansion. The availability of capital at cheap rates of interest and in adequate amount is a dominating factor influencing industrial location.

(iii) Social factors: Conditions prevailing in the area. Various social factors prevailing in a certain area also influence the location of the industries.

(iv) Political factors: Government policies. It is easy to establish industries in areas where the government policies are in favour of encouraging the entrepreneurs to spread their wings. Government adopts ‘regional policies’ to promote ‘balanced’ economic development and hence set up industries in particular areas.

(v) Other: Facilities available. Historical incidents also play a dominating role in determining the location of industries in certain areas. The development of cotton-textile industry in Lancashire provides an interesting example of this. (1X5=5)

Question 26.
Explain any five characteristics of ‘large scale manufacturing’ in the world. [3]
OR
Explain in detail the significance of transport and communication services.
Answer:
Modern large scale industry characteristics:

Specialization of skill/methods of production.
Mechanization.
Technological innovation.
Organizational structure.
Stratification of labour force.
Any other relevant point.

(Explain any five points) (1×5 = 5)
(CBSE Marking Scheme 2019)

Detailed Answer:
Modern large scale manufacturing has the following characteristics:
(a) Specialisation of Skills/Methods of Production:
Under the ‘craft method, factories produce only a few pieces which are made-to-order. So the costs are high. On the other hand, mass production involves production of large quantities of standardised parts by each worker performing only one task repeatedly.

(b) Mechanisation:
Mechanisation refers to using gadgets which accomplish tasks. Automation (without aid of human thinking during the manufacturing process) is the advanced stage of mechanisation. Automatic factories with feedback and closed loop computer control systems where machines are developed to ‘think’, have sprung up all over the world.

(c) Technological Innovation:
Technological innova¬tions through research and development strategy are an important aspect of modern manufacturing for quality control, eliminating waste and inefficien¬cy, and combating pollution.

(d) Organisational Structure and Stratification:
Modern manufacturing is characterised by a complex machine technology and an extreme specialisation and division of labour for producing more goods with less effort, and low costs.

(e) Uneven Geographic Distribution:
Major concentrations of modern manufacturing have flourished in a few places. These cover less than 10 per cent of the world’s land area. These nations have become the centres of economic and political power. However, in terms of the total area covered, manufacturing sites are much less conspicuous and concentrated on much smaller areas than that of agriculture due to greater intensity of processes. For example, 2.5 sq. km of the American corn belt usually includes about four large farms employing about 10¬20 workers supporting 50-100 persons. But this same area could contain several large integrated factories and employ thousands of workers.

(f) Access to Market:
The existence of a market for manufactured goods is the most important factor in the location of industries. ‘Market’ means people who have a demand for these goods and also have the purchasing power (ability to purchase) to be able to purchase from the sellers at a place. Remote areas inhabited by a few people offer small markets. The developed regions of Europe, North America, Japan and Australia provide large global markets as the purchasing power of the people is very high. The densely populated regions of South and South-east Asia also provide large markets. Some industries, such as aircraft manufacturing, have a global market. The arms industry also has global markets.

(g) Access to Raw Material:
Raw material used by industries should be cheap and easy to transport. Industries based on cheap, bulky and weight-losing material(ores) are located close to the sources of raw material such as steel, sugar, and cement industries. Perishability is a vital factor for the industry to be located closer to the source of the raw material. Agro-processing and dairy products are processed close to the sources of farm produce or milk supply respectively.

(h) Access to Transportation and Communication Facilities:
Speedy and efficient transport facilities to carry raw materials to the factory and to move finished goods to the market are essential for the development of industries. The cost of transport plays an important role in the location of industrial units. Western Europe and eastern North America have a highly developed transport system which has always induced the concentration of industries in these areas. Modern industry is inseparably tied to transportation systems. Improvements in transportation led to integrated economic development and regional specialisation of manufacturing. Communication is also an important need for industries for the exchange and management of information. (Any five)

OR
Rail, road, air and ships are included in the transport services, whereas, postal, telephone, telegraph, internet, radio are included in the communication services. These sources play a significant role in the economic development of any country.
The significance of transport and communication services are as follows:

Improve Mobility factors of production: If the means of transport and communication are improved i.e., if they become quick and cheap, it will for sure improve the mobility factors of production.
Stable prices: The well developed system of transport and communication helps in stabilising prices of the commodities throughout the country.
Supply of raw material: Due to quick and cheap transport system, raw material can be easily supplied to factories on lower cost, even from outside the country it can reach on time.
Supply of manufactured goods: From the factories goods can be easily transported to the markets if transport is efficient.
Use of natural resources: To use idle resources of the country, transport sector plays very important role. The production of the country can increase with the development of transport and communication.
Extension of market: If the means of transport and communication system are cheap and fast then commodities can be easily carried over to long distances and the size of the market will expand.
(Any five) (1×5=5)

Question 27.
Which means of transport is extensively used to carry water, petroleum, natural gas and other liquids? Describe the network of this means of transport in the world.[3]
Answer:
Pipelines are extensively used to carry water, petroleum, natural gas and other liquids for uninterrupted flow.

In the USA there is a dense network of oil pipelines from the producing areas to the consuming areas. Big Inch is a famous pipeline, which carries petroleum from the oil wells of the Gulf of Mexico to the Northeastern states.
In Europe, Russia and West Asia pipelines are used to connect oil from Volga and Ural in Russia to East European countries.
In the Middle East the oil is transported through pipelines from Saudi Arabia to Iraq and other countries and to the refineries located on the Mediterranean Coast (6,550 Km).
In North India pipelines connect the oil wells to the refineries and then to the industrial belts.
HBJ pipeline runs through North-western India and it is extended till Delhi, it is important for the economic development of the region.
The oil-producing countries of Central Asia, i.e. Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan supply petroleum and natural gas through pipelines to Turkey and Russia. (Any five) (1×5=5)

Question 28.
Explain how population density is closely related to physical and socio-economic factors. [5]
OR
What are the geographical requirement and areas of production of cotton and jute?
Answer:
Population density is closely related to physical and socio-economic factors.

Dense population in UP, West Bengal, Bihar, Punjab, Haryana, Kerala is due to flat and fertile plains, favorable climate, water availability and socio-economic factors.
Sparse population of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, North-East States is due to hilly terrain, dense forests and harsh climate.
Rajasthan has water shortage and its hot and dry climate accounts for low population density.
Moderate density is seen in Odisha, Assam, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, etc., due to limited possibilities of agriculture, industrial development and favorable climate to some extent.
Favorable factors for Transport networks, industrialization, urbanization in Maharashtra, Goa, Delhi NCR, etc., account for high population density.

(CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017) 1×5=5

Geographical requirements and areas of production:
Cotton:

Cotton grows well in semi-arid areas/areas of less rainfall.
It requires hot and wet climate during growing period.
It requires clear sky during flowering stage.

Areas:

North-West India, parts of Punjab, Haryana and Northern Rajasthan.
West India: Maharashtra and Gujarat.
South India: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. (Any two)

Jute:

It grows well in hot and humid areas.
It requires very heavy rain with high temperature throughout the year.
It requires standing water.

Areas:

West Bengal.
Bihar
Assam (Any two)

(CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016) 2½+ 2½ = 5

Section-D

Question 29.
On the given Political map of the world, the following Seven features are shown. Identify any five of these features and write their correct names on the lines marked near each features. [5]