CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Set 7 with Solutions

Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography with Solutions Set 7 are designed as per the revised syllabus.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Set 7 with Solutions

Time Allowed : 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

This Question paper has four sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, and Section D
In Section A question number 1 to 17 are MCQ Type Questions.
In Section B question number 18-23 are Short Answer Type Questions (80-100) words. Question 18 & 19 are source based questions.
In Section C question number 24 to 28 are Long Answer based Questions (120-150) words.
In Section D question number 29 to 30 are Map based Questions having 5 sub parts.

Section-A

Question 1.
Which sub-field of geography is called Demography? [1]
(A) Population Geography
(B) Gender Geography
(C) Rural Geography
(D) Urban Geography
Answer:
(A) Population Geography
Explanation: Population Geography relates spatial variations in the distribution, composition, migration, and growth of populations to the terrain.

Question 2.
Which of the following pairs is matched correctly? [1]
Name of the Country Railway

name of the country	railway
(A) Vladivostok	Eastern Terminal of Trans – Siberian Railway
(B) Vancouver	Western Terminal of Trans – Canadian Railway
(C) Halifax	Eastern Terminal of Trans – Canadian Railway
(D) St. Petersburg	Western Terminal of Trans – Siberian Railway

Answer:
(B) Vancouver Western Terminal of Trans-Canadian Railway

Question 3.
The Arctic region and the Antarctica continent are situated near: [1]
(A) The Sahara Desert.
(B) The North and South Poles.
(C) Amazon Basin.
(D) Thar Desert.
Answer:
(B) The North and South Poles.
Explanation: The Arctic encompasses a vast frozen ocean around the North Pole. Antarctica is a frozen continent anchored by the South Pole and surrounded by vast open oceans.

Question 4.
Which of the following formula is correct to know the actual growth of the population? [1]
(A) Birth + Death – in migration + out-migration
(B) Birth + Death + in migration – out-migration
(C) Birth- Death – in migration + out-migration
(D) Birth – Death + in migration – out-migration
Answer:
(D) Birth – Death + in migration – out-migration

Question 5.
The population of non-industrial countries are normally: [1]
(A) high
(B) low
(C) stable
(D) None of the Above
Answer:
(C) stable
Explanation: The populations of nonindustrial countries are normally stable (and low) because high birth rates are matched by high death rates

Question 6.
Development means: [1]
(A) a qualitative change which is always value positive.
(B) a qualitative change which is always value negative.
(C) a quantitative change which is always value positive.
(D) a quantitative change which is always value negative
Answer:
(A) a qualitative change which is always value positive.
Explanation: Development is basically a concept that has positive connotations. It involves the application of certain economic and technical measures to utilize available resources to instigate economic growth and improve people’s quality of life.

Question 7.
Which of the following is incorrectly matched? [1]
Name of the Country Major Airport
(A) Japan Tokyo
(B) China Beijing
(C) Russia Moscow
(D) Saudi Arabia Mecca
Answer:
(D) Saudi Arabia Mecca
Explanation: Major Airport of Saudi Arabia is in Jed’dah and not in Mecca.

Question 8.
Identify which of these is an artificial waterway of Europe. [1]
(A) Suez Canal
(B) Panama Canal
(C) Rhine Island Waterways
(D) St. I.awrence Seaway
Answer:
(A) Suez Canal
Explanation: The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, lowering the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through Isthmus of Suez and dividing Africa and Asia. The canal is a route of trade between Europe and Asia.

Question 9.
Intensive subsistence agriculture is largely practiced fri densely populated regions of [1]
(A) monsoon Asia
(B) South Africa
(C) Australia
(D) North America
Answer:
(A) monsoon Asia
Explanation: This type of agriculture mentioned requires a lot of water as source for optimal growth of crop

Question 10.
The smallest unit of manufacturing is the: [1]
(A) cottage industry
(B) agricultural industry
(C) chemical industry
(D) IT industry
Answer:
(A) cottage industry
Explanation: The household industry is the smallest unit of manufacturing, also known as a cottage industry. It is basically run by creative individuals or craftsmen who are assisted by their family members in their home.

Question 11.
Arrange the countries from the highest land area to the lowest land area in the world. [1]
(i) India
(ii) Russia
(iii) China
(iv) United States of America
Options:
(A) i, ii, iii, iv
(B) ii, iv, iii, i
(C) iii,ü, iv, i
(D) iv, iii, i, ii
Answer:
(B) ii, iv, iii, i
Explanation: The largest land area in his world is with the Russia. US has greater area than China and China than India.

Question 12.
Consider the following statements and choose the correct option from the given options: [1]
I. Water is the most important factor for life.
II. So, people prefer to live in areas where fresh water is easily available.
Options:
(A) Only Statement I is correct
(B) Both the statements are true and Statement LI correctly present the reason for Statement I
(C) Only Statement Il is correct
(D) Both the Statements I and II are incorrect
Answer:
(B) Both the statements are true and Statement LI correctly present the reason for Statement I
Explanation: People prefer to live in areas where fresh water is easily available for drinking bathing and also for cattle, crops, industries and navigation. It is because of this that river valleys are among the most densely populated areas of the world.

Question 13.
Assertion : The Sex Ratio is an important information about the status of women in a country. [1]
Reason : More women in the population always mean that they have a better status.
Options:
(A) Only Assertion is correct.
(B) Only Reason is corred.
(C) Both statements are correct Statement Il correctly explains Statement I.
(D) Both are correct but not related to each other.
Answer:
(A) Only Assertion is correct.
Explanation: More Women in the population does not mean that they have a better status but it could be that the men might have migrated to other areas for employment.

Question 14.
Assertion : Market gardening and Horticulture specialise in the cultivation of High Value Crops such as Vegetables, Fruits and Flowers, solely for urban markets.
Reason : The Netherlands specialises in growing flowers and horticultural crops especially tulips, which are sent
to all major cities of Europe. [1]
Options:
(A) Only Assertion is correct.
(B) Only Reason is correct.
(C) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
(D) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
Answer:
(C) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.

Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
The people of a country are its real wealth. It is they who make use of the country’s resources and decide its policies. Ultimately a country is known by its people. It is important to know how many women and men a country has, how many children are born each year, how many people die and how? Whether they live in cities or villages, can they read or write and what work do they do? The world at the beginning of 215L century recorded the presence of over 6 billion population. The population of the world is unevenly distributed. The remark of George B. Gressey about the population of Asia that “Asia has many places where people are few and few places where people are very many” is true about the pattern of population distribution of the world also.

Question 15.
What is the real wealth of a country? [1]
(A) Government
(B) People
(C) Educational institutes
(D) Economy
Answer:
(A) Government

Question 16.
Why is it important to know how many women and men a country has, how many children are born each year, how many people die? [1]
(A) For planning purpose
(B) For push factors
(C) For pull factors
(D) For preparing military strength
Answer:
(A) For planning purpose
Explanation: Population data helps to plan how many schools, clinics, hospitals and jobs a country needs.

Question 17.
The knowledge of how many women and men a country has, how many children are born each year, how many
people die and how is known as [1]
(A) Density data.
(B) Population data.
(C) Sensex data.
(D) None of the Above.
Answer:
(B) Population data.
Explanation: Population data can be used for planning purposes

Section-B

Question 18.
Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow: [3]
Sun rays tapped in photovoltaic cells can be converted into energy, known as solar energy. The two effective processes considered to be very effective to tap solar energy are photo voltaics and solar thermal technology. Solar thermal technology has some relative advantages over all other non- renewable energy sources. It is cost competitive, environment friendly and easy to construct. Solar energy is 7 per cent more effective than coal or oil based plants and 10 per cent more effective than nuclear plants. It is generally used more in appliances like heaters, crop dryers, cookers, etc. The western part of India has greater potential for the development of solar energy in Gujarat and Rajasthan.

What type of energy is solar energy considered?
Name the system which converts sunlight into heat energy.
What are the advantages of using soLar energy?

Answer:

Solar energy is the non-conventional source of energy.
Solar thermal power system converts sunlight into heat energy.
Solar energy is economical, has low maintenance cost and solar energy is a truly renewable energy source.

Question 19.
Study the given map carefully and answer the questions that follow: (1 + I + I = 3)

Mention the source of origin of this canal.
Why is the area to the east of the canal under lift irrigation?
Explain the economic significance of this canal for the command area.

Answer:
1. Canal originates at Harike Barrage/ Confluence of Satluj and Beas

2. Areas of the East of canal under lift irrigation because water is lifted up to make it to flow against the slope of the land/ high land area.

3. Economic significance

Canal irrigation has led to increase in cultivated area and intensity of cropping.
Traditional crops sown here gram and Bajra have been replaced by Wheat, Cotton, Groundnut and Rice.
Which led to increase in agricultural and livestock productivity.
Any other relevant point. (Anyone)

Question 20.
Possibilities can be created within the limit, which do not damage the environment and there is no free run
without accidents”. Analyse the statement. [3]
Answer:
Approach to development without damaging the environment:

Human beings were able to develop technology after they developed better understanding of natural laws.
Obeying nature is extremely important to develop technology and technology loosens the shackles of environment on human beings.
Humans have to respond to the red signals and proceed to develop when nature permits modifications.
The free run, reckless approach badly affects the environment.
It has resulted in greenhouse effect, depletion of ozone layer, global warming, receding glaciers and degrading lands. (Any three points to be analysed) 1×3=3

Question 21.
Classify the world into various regions on the basis of population density. [3]
Answer:
The world is divided into various regions on the basis of population density.
(i) Areas of high density:

Monsoon Asia, South and Southeast Asia
Europe – River vaEey’s coastal plains
Eastern coastal region of North America

(ii) Areas of medium density:

Asia
Europe
USA, Australia
Africa, South America

(iii) Areas of low density:

Hot deserts
Areas around the North and South Poles
Cold deserts
Equatorial Region (1×3=3)

Question 22.
Differentiate between small scale manufacturing and large scale manufacturing. [3]
OR
What are the modes by which cyberspace will expand the contemporary economic and social space of humans.
Answer:
Points of distinction between small scale manufacturing and large scale manufacturing :

Small scale industries use local raw material, whereas large scale industries use variety of raw materials brought from far and near.
Small scale industries use simple power driven machines, whereas large scale industries use advanced technology and work on assembly line production.
Small scale industries use skilled and semi-skilled labour, whereas large scale industries use skilled labour.
Small scale industries provide large scale employment and raise local purchasing power, whereas large scale industries provide employment with mass production and huge capital.
Any other relevant point. (Any three) (1×3=3)

OR
As billions use the internet each year, cyberspace will expand the contemporary economic and social space of humans through e-mail, e-commerce, e-learning and e-govemance. Internet together with fax, television and radio will be accessible to more and more people cutting across place and time. It is these modern communication systems more than transportation, which has made the concept of global village a reality. (1×3=3)

Question 23.
‘The agricultural sector has the largest share of Indian workers.’-Explain. [3]
Answer:
The agricultural sector has the largest share of Indian workers. About 58.2% of the total working population are cultivators and agricultural labourers, whereas, only 4.2% workers are engaged in household industries, and 37.6% are other workers including non-household industries like trade and commerce, construction and other works.

The reasons :

Government has failed to provide employment making people fall back upon agriculture.
The other sectors have not fully developed in the country. (1 + 2 = 3)

Section-C

Question 24.
Define the term “Demographic Cycle”. Explain the three-staged model of Demographic Transition Theory. [5]
OR
Discuss the three stages of demographic transition.
Answer:
Demographic Cycle: The population of any region changes from high birth rates and high death rates to low birth rates and low death rates as the society progresses from rural agrarian and illiterate to urban, industrial and literate society. These changes are termed as demographic cycle.

Transition theory is a three-staged model

First stage: High fertility and high mortality.
Second stage: High fertility and mortality declines.
Third stage: Both fertility and mortality declines.

(CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016) (2 + 3 = 5)

Detailed Answer:
Demographic Cycle: Refer above Transition theory is a three-staged model:
The characteristics of the first stage of the ‘Demographic Transition Theory’ are:

High fertility and high mortality rate
Slow rate of population growth
High rate of illiteracy

The characteristics of the second stage of ‘Demographic Transition Theory’ are:

In the beginning of the second stage, the fertility rate remains high but gradually declines with time.
Mortality rate is reduced due to the improved sanitation.
Mortality rate is reduced due to better health conditions due to which the net addition to population is high. The characteristics of the third stage of ‘Demographic

Transition Theory are:

Birth and death rates are low, leading to total population being stable.
Death rates are low primarily due to lower rates of diseases and higher production of food.
The birth rate is low because people have more opportunities to choose if they want children; this is made possible by improvements in contraception or women gaining more independence and working opportunities.

Question 25.
Why is dairy farming known as the most advanced and efficient type of farming in the world? Explain any five
reasons. [5]
Answer:
Dairy farming is the most advanced and efficient type of rearing of milch animals:

It is highly capital intensive. Animal sheds, storage facilities for fodder, feeding and milching machines add to the cost of dairy farming.
Special emphasis is laid on cattle breeding, health care and veterinary services.
It is highly labour intensive as it involves rigorous care in feeding and milching. There is no off season during the year as in the case of crop raising.
Huge market for fresh milk and dairy products. The development of transportation, refrigeration, pasteurisation and other preservation processes has increased the duration of storage of various dairy products.
It is practised mainly near urban and industrial centres. (1×5=5)

Question 26.
Explain any five characteristics of ‘high tech industry’ in the world. [5]
OR
Describe the journey of development of land transport from the days of humans as carriers and the cablewas
of today.
Answer:
Characteristics of High-tech industry:

It is the latest generation of manufacturing activities.
These industries are based on research and development.
Professional workers make up a large share of the total workforce.
It functions on Robotics and computer aided design.
High tech industries are regionally concentrated, self sustained & highly specialized.
Any other relevant point.

(Explain any five points)
(CBSE Marking Scheme 2019)

Detailed Answer:
High technology or simply high-tech, is the latest generation of manufacturing activities.
(a) It is best understood as the application of intensive research and development (R & D) efforts leading to the manufacture of products of an advanced scientific and engineering character. Professional (white collar) workers make up a large share of the total workforce.

(b) Neatly spaced, low, modern, dispersed, office- plant-lab buildings rather than massive assembly structures, factories and storage areas mark the high- tech industrial landscape.

(c) High-tech industries which are regionally concentrated, self-sustained and highly specialised are called technopolies.

(d) Robotics on the assembly line, computer-aided design (CAD) and manufacturing, electronic controls of smelting and refining processes, and the constant development of new chemical and pharmaceutical products are notable examples of a high-tech industry.

(e) The Silicon Valley near San Francisco and Silicon Forest near Seattle are examples of technopolies.
OR
Land transport is an important part of India’s economy as most of the movement of goods and services take place over land. In the early days human being themselves were carriers and use to carry the goods to smaller distances. Later animals were used to carry load and treated as beasts of burden. Invention of the wheel revolutionised the means of transport, engine- motors, cars and trucks, pipelines, ropeways and cableways have made the life of human easy.

The revolution in transport came about only after the invention of the steam engine in the eighteenth century. Perhaps the first railway line was opened in 1825 between Stockton and Darlington in northern England and then onwards, railways became the most popular and fastest mode of transport in the nineteenth century. Among the newer developments in land transportation are pipelines, ropeways, ocean vessels, cableways.

Liquids like mineral oil, water, petrol, diesel, sludge and sewers are transported by pipelines. In general, the old and elementary forms like the human porter, pack animal, cart of wagon are the most expensive means of land transportation and large freighters are the cheapest. They are important in supplementing modern channels and carriers which penetrate the interiors in large countries.

Question 27.
What is the role of ‘World Trade Organisations’ as an international organisation? Why has the World Trade Organisation been criticised by some countries? Explain the role of World Trade Organisation.
Answer:
Role of WTO (World Trade Organization):

WTO formulates the global rules of trade between countries.
WTO resolves disputes between its member nations.
WTO also covers trade in services, such as telecommunication and banking, and others issues such as intellectual rights.

Criticism:
Some countries criticize WTD:

Due to effects of free trade.
It widens the gap between the rich and poor nations.
WTO also focuses on the commercial interests.
WTO ignores the issues of environmental pollution, child labour, health and right of workers

Question 28.
When does positivepopulation growth take place? Explain the geographical factors that influence the distribution
of population in India.
OR
What makes rural settlement different from urban settlement in India? Explain.
Answer:
Positive growth of population takes place when the birth rate is more than the death rate between two pqjnts of time or when people from other countries migrate permanently to a region.

Geographical factors that influence the distribution of population in India :
(i) Availability of water :
Availability of water is very important in determining the population of a given area. Water is the basic necessity for several purposes including irrigation, industries, transport and domestic affairs. Rivers are the source of fresh clean water as a result most of the population is concentrated in the river valleys.

(ii) Landforms :
Terrain is one of the important factors which influences the concentration and growth of population. Plain areas have high density of population as compared to mountain regions. The steep slope in mountain areas restrict the availability of land for agriculture, development of transport, industries and other economic activities which discourage concentration of population.

(iii) Climate :
Climatic factors such as rainfall and temperature play the most important role in determining the population of an area. Extremes of climate discourage the concentration of population. Climates include the too cold climates of the Himalayas, and the too hot and dry climate of the Thar Desert. A moderate climate, on the other hand is favourable for a positive population growth rate,

(iv) Soil:
Soil is an important factor in determining the density of population. Fertile soil supports higher population density while infertile soil leads to low density. In the Northern Plains of India, the soil is regularly enriched by annual floods of the rivers like the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra and its tributaries. Therefore, this area has high population density. On the other hand, desert soils, mountain soil, laterite soils are infertile, so there is low density of population in these areas. (1+4=5)
OR
Difference between rural and urban settlements in India are:
Rural Settlements:

Most of the people are engaged in primary activities to support their life.
The people in the rural society have homogeneity and thus enjoyed more or less the same social status and have informal social relationships with each other.
Inadequate educational facilities.
Inadequate infrastructure.
Life in the society is very simple and reflected in the way of living, dressing, food habits, shelter and manners, etc., showing low

standards of living. Urban Settlements:

Most of the people are engaged in secondary and tertiary activities other than primary activities.
The people in the city belong to different castes, creeds, religions and cultures, thus do not enjoy the same social status and had formal relationships with each other.
Adequate educational facilities.
Adequate infrastructure.
Life in the city is not simple but very complex and complicated showing high living standard. 1×5=5

Section-D

Question 29.
On the given Political map of the world, the following Seven features arc shown. Identif any five of these
features and write their correct names on the lines marked near each features. 151

identify and name the railway line shown on the map.
Name one city near to the Pacific Ocean which is connected by this railway line.
Name one city near to the Atlantic Ocean which is connected by this railway line.
An artificial waterway that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean.
Name second most densely populated city in South East Asia.
Major African Sea Port.
An International Port.

Answer:

Tran% Canadian Railway
Vancouver
Halifax
Panama Canal
Singapore
CapeTown

Question 30.
On the given Political map of India, locate and label any five of the following with appropriate symbols. [5]

The state has the highest rank in the Human Development Index.
The major seaport in Goa.
The international airport in Karnataka.
An international airport situated in Punjab.
he states which has recorded the highest out(-) migration in India.
The leading jute-producing state.
A natural harbor in Maharashtra.

Answer:

Kerala
Marmagao
Bengaluru
Amritsar
Uttar pradesh
West Bengal
Mumbai