ICSE 2012 Geography Question Paper Solved for Class 10

Solving ICSE Class 10 Geography Previous Year Question Papers ICSE Class 10 Geography Question Paper 2012 is the best way to boost your preparation for the board exams.

ICSE Class 10 Geography Question Paper 2012 Solved

Part – I (30 Marks)
(Attempt all Questions from this part)

Question 1.
Study the extract of the Survey ofIndia Map sheet No. 45D/10 and answer the following questions:
[For Grid Refer Appendix A Page 4]
(a) Name and give the four figure grid reference of a settlement where the people of the region meet at least once a year. [1]
Answer:
In 1520 for Annual Fair.

(b) What does the conventional symbol at grid reference 145132 mean? [1]
Answer:
Lined Well

(c) If a man were to walkfrom Gulabganj (1820) to Harmatiya (1916) :
(i) In which direction would he be walking ?
(ii) Which are the two different kinds of roads that he would be using ? [3]
Answer:
(i) SE
(ii) Metalled and Cart Track

(d) What do the following numbers in grid square 1718 and 1818 mean ? [2]
(i) 280
(ii) 281
Answer:
(i) Contour line of 280 m
(ii) Spot height

(e) What are the two differences between the settlement Bamba in 1914 and those in 1813 ? [2]
Answer:

Permanent and Temporary settlement
Nucleated and Scattered settlement

(f) Name four facilities that Anadra had makes it an important settlement. [2]
Answer:

It has post and telegraph office
It has dak bungalow
It has police chok
Dispensary

(g) what is the quickest means of communication for the people of Dabahi (1313) ? [1]
Answer:
Telephone Line

(h) What do the following mean :
(i) brackish in 1915
(ii) causeway in 1715
(iii) 6r in 1218 ? [3]
Answer:
(i) Well which is salty and unfit for drinking
(ii) It is a raised mettaled road across a minor stream.
(iii) Height of the broken ground is 6m

(i) Mention two factors which support the following:
(a) The Sipu river is in its middle course
(b) The rainfall in the region shown in the map extract is seasonal. [4]
Answer:
(a)

There are no waterfalls.
Meandering river.

(b)

The presence of seasonal or non-perennial streams, dry river bed
Presence of dry tank

(j) What is the distance in kilometres the distance stone 20 in 1818 and the causeway in 1715 along the metalled road? [1]
Answer:
Distance between stone 20 in 1818 and the causeway 1717 is = 6 cm
As per scale 1 cm = 50,000 cm
6 cm = 50,000 × 6 = 30,0000 cm
1,00,000 cm = 1 km
1 cm = \(\frac{1}{1,00,000}\)
3,00,000 cm = \(\frac{1}{1,00,000}\) × 3, 00, 000 = 3 km

Question 2.
On the outline map of India provided:
(a) Draw, name and number the Tropic of Cancer. [1]
(b) Label the river Narmada. [1]
(c) Shade and name Lake Chilka. [1]
(d) Mark and name the Aravali Mountains. [ 1 ]
(e) Mark and name the Karakoram Pass. [1]
(J) Shade and name a densely populated state in South India. [1]
(g) Shade and name a region with black soil. [1]
(h) Mark With a dot and name Srinagar. [1]
(i) Mark and name the winds which bring rain in winter to the Coromandal Coast. [1]
(j) Name and print O on an oilfield in North-east India. [ 1 ]
Answer:

Part-II (50 Marks)
(Attempt any five questions from this Part)

Question 3.
(a) (i) Name the type of climate prevailing over India.
(ii) Mention any two factors responsible for it. [2]
Answer:
(i) Tropical monsoon.

(ii)

The climate of the subcontinent is greatly affected by the presence and influence of the Himalayas. It prevents the cold winds of North Asia from blowing into India.
The monsoon winds which are trapped by the Himalayas give the climate of the continent a tropical touch.

(b) What is the direction of the summer monsoon? Why ?[2]
Answer:
S.W. Monsoon.
1. By early June the low pressure conditions in N.W.Plains of India attract the trade winds (S.E. trade winds) of the Southern hemisphere.

2. After crossing the Equator they follow a south-westerly direction. This is why they are known as south-west monsoons.

(c) Give geographical reasons for the following :
(i) Even in summer Shimla is cooler than Delhi.
(ii) The northern plains fo India do not freeze in winter.
(iii) Kochi has a lesser annual range of temperature than Agra. [3]
Answer:
(i) Because of high altitude.
(ii) Because of low altitude and northern walls of the Himalayas protect these from cold winds.
(iii) Agra is far away from the moderating influence of the seas.

(d) Study the climatic data given below and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Calculate the mean annual temperature.
(ii) What is the total rainfall during the monsoon season?
(iii) Does the station have a maritime or a continental climate.
Give a reason for your answer. [3]
Answer:
(i) Range of temp. Highest – Lowest = 30.4 – 23.8 = 6.6°C
(ii) 208.4 cm
(iii) Range of temperature = Highest temp – Lowest Tem. 30.4-23.8 = 6.6
Range of temperature is very low which proves the station has maritime climate.

Question 4.
(a) State two methods of controlling the erosion of soil caused by running water. [2]
Answer:
1. Constructing Dams: Much of the soil erosion by river floods can be avoided by constructing dams across the rivers. This checks the speed of water and saves soil from erosion.

2. Contour ploughing: It involves ploughing along the outline of the fields in a circular manner. This prevents to soil from being washed away by running water.

(b) Mention two differences in the alluvial soil of the northern plains and the alluvial soil on the coastal plains of India. [2]
Answer:
Khadar Soil

It belongs to new alluvium.
It is more fertile.
It is found in the lower levels in the plains near the river.

Bangar Soil

It belongs to old alluvium.
It contains kankars, nodules, with calcium carbonate in subsoil so it is less fertile.
It is found in the plains at river terraces.

The black soils are made of extremely fine material i.e., clayey material.
These soils are rich in soil nutrients such as calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, potash and lime.
The soil is well-known for its capacity to hold moisture.

(d) Give geographical reasons for the following:
(i) Laterite soil is not suitable for cultivation.
(ii) Red soil is red in colour.
(iii) Khadar soils are preferred to Bangar soil. [3]
Answer:
(i) Due to lack of nitrogen, potassium and organic elements laterite soils lack fertility and are not suitable for cultivation.
(ii) Due to wide diffusion.
(iii) Because it is more fertile.

Question 5.
(a) Mention two reasons why Tropical Evergreen forests are difficult to exploit for commercial purposes. [2]
Answer:

Due to dense undergrowth.
Lack of transport facilities.

(b) Give two characteristics of tidal forests. [2]
Answer:

The Mangrove Tidal Forests are found in the areas of coasts influenced by tides.
The most important tree is the Sundari tree.

(c) Mention three reasons why forests must be conserved. [3]
Answer:
(a) Forest provides many major and minor products like wood, gum, fibre, fruits etc.
(b) They play a significant role in the prevention and control of soil erosion.
(c) Forests are a major natural resources of a country.

(d) Name any three tree found in monsoon deciduous forests and state one use of each of these trees. [3]
Answer:

Sandalwood: It is used for making medicinal products.
Teak: It is used in the manufacture of outdoor furniture.
Sal: It is considered most suitable for railway sleepers.

Question 6.
(a) Mention two advantages of rainwater harvesting. [2]
Answer:

Provides self-sufficiency of water supply.
Reduces the cost for pumping of ground water.

(b) Why are inundation canals being converted to perennial canals ? Give two reasons. [2]
Answer:
Inundation canals provide irrigation mostly during rainy season and they irrigate small area on the other hand perennial canals flow throughout the year and they irrigate large area. So the inundation canals are being converted to perennial canals.

They are reliable source of irrigation.
They can be easily dug.

Disadvantages:

They need cheap power which is not available in most of the states.

(d) Where are tanks most widely used in India ? Why ? [3]
Answer:
Tank irrigation is widely prevalent in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Orissa. The tank irrigation is more important in the Deccan Plateau because:
1. The terrain of Deccan Plateau is undulating and is made up of hard rocks which makes it difficult to dig canals and wells.

2. There is little percolation of rainwater due to hard rock structure and groundwater is not available in large quantity.

Question 7.
(a) (i) Name two leading states producing Manganese.
(ii) Name one use of the mineral. [2]
Answer:
(i) Orissa and Maharashtra
(ii) It is used as a fuel.

(b) (i) Name two varieties of iron ore used in industry.
(ii) How is the low grade iron one utilized? [2]
Answer:
(i) Haematite and Magnetite

(ii)

Agriculture implements
Used by mini steel plants.

(c) Give geographical reasons why:
(i) Anthracite is used for domestic purposes.
(ii) Oil refineries are located close to oil fields or near ports.
(iii) The location of coal fields is an important factor in industrial development. [3]
Answer:
(i) Because it is the best quality of coal.

(ii)

Minimise the transport cost.
To avoid the risk of transporting mineral oil inside the country due to its inflammable nature.

(iii)

It is the prime source of energy in the manufacturing of iron and steel.
It is used as raw material in the chemical and other industries.

(d) Name the mineral:
(i) Which is converted to aluminium ?
(ii) Which is used in the manufacture of cement ?
(iii) The largest deposits of which are found in Balaghat in Madhaya Pradesh ? [3]
Answer:
(i) Bauxite
(ii) Limestone
(iii) Manganese

Question 8.
(a) What is the importance of agriculture in India? Mention two factors. [2]
Answer:

Agriculture is the mainstay of Indian economy because about 67% of our population depends directly or indirectly on agriculture.
It provides raw materials to the industries.

(b) Name a state which produces short staple cotton. Which climatic and soil conditions favour the cultivation of cotton in the state mentioned ? [2]
Answer:
Uttar Pradesh
Soil: Alluvial soil
Climatic conditions: Abundant sunshine, moderate to light rainfall.

(c) Give geographical reasons for the following:
(i) Jute has to be retted
(ii) Tea is grown on hill slopes
(iii) Silver oak and banana trees are grown on coffee plantations. [3]
Answer:
(i) Fibre can easily removed.

(ii) Because roots cannot tolerate stagnant water.

(iii) Coffee plant should be sheltered from direct sunlight, especially when the plants are young. In plantation, the coffee bushes are generally planted under the shade of taller and harder plants such as bananas, silver oak and jack fruits.

(d) Explain the following:
(i) The propagation ofrubber by the bud grafting method.
(ii) The propagation of sugar cane by ratooning.
(iii) The propagation of paddy by transplantation. [3]
Answer:
(i)

After the seedlings have grown upto 5 cm, buds from high yielding clones are grafted on to the seedlings.
To establish the graft, it is bound to the seedling.
Once the graft is established to reminder of the old seedling is cut off just below the union.

(ii)

After harvesting the first crop, the lower part of the cane and the roots are left in the field.
The stem begins to grow and produces a second crop called ‘ratoon’ so ratoon is second crop or any other successive crop obtained from the roots left over in the field from the first crop.

(iii)

The process of transferring the seedling from the nursery to the main field is called transplantation or transplanting.
The process of transplantation enables to select only the better and healthy seedlings for the cultivation of crops. The bad seedlings can be rejected.

Question 9.
(a) Give two reasons why the woollen industry has not developed as well as the cotton industry in India. [2]
Answer:

Shortage of raw wool: India does not produce sufficient quantity of fine quality raw wool.
Lack of market: Most parts of India have tropical and sub-tropical climate which restricts the demand for woollen clothes.

(b) State two factors which favour the silk industry in Karnataka. [2]
Answer:

Raw material is easily available as Karnataka is the leading producer of silk.
Abundant soft water, free from alkaline salts and iron is available.

The sugarcane is of low quality with low sugar content.
Transportation facilities are not abundant.
The factories are small and uneconomical to operate.

(d) In what way does the cotton industry contribute to the economy of India ?
Mention any three relevant factors. [3]
Answer:

The textile industry is one of the largest foreign exchange earner.
Currently, it adds about 14 percent to the industrial production and about 2.4 percent to the GDP.
It provides employment to about 35 million persons.

Question 10.
(a) What are petrochemicals ?
Name any two products made from petrochemicals. [2]
Answer:
Petrochemicals are those chemicals and compounds which are derived from petroleum resources.

Synthetic fibres
Plastic

(b) Why has the electronics industry grown in importance ? [2]
Answer:

It has played a major role in the development of telecom sector.
It brings foreign exchange as it is an export industry.

Most of the mini steel plants are located in areas far away from the integrated steel plants so, they meet the local demands.
They utilize scrap/sponge iron from large steel plants as raw materials. So these help in recycling of iron and making the scrap useful and profitable.
They need less investment so they suits Indian economy.

(d) Name:
(i) A city on the each coast of India which has a ship building yard.
(ii) The iron and steel plant set up with German collaboration.
(iii) A city which has a plant manufacturing Maruti cars. [3]
Answer:
(i) Kolkata
(ii) Rourkela
(iii) Gurgaon in Haryana

Question 11.
(a) Why has the importance of inland waterways declined? Give any two reasons. [2]
Answer:

Water transport as a whole is much slower than its roads, rail or air competitors.
It provides asses to limited areas.

(b) Name two areas where helicopter services may be used? [2]
Answer:
Hilly terrains and the regions having big rivers, dense forest, dissected relief etc.

Passengers travel without ticket.
Rail accidents.
Old rail tracks

(d) What is the Golden Quadrilateral ? Mention any two ways in which it will help in the economic development of the country. [3]
Answer:
The super highways linking Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai- Mumbai and Delhi by six-lane. These super highways have been constructed to reduce the time and distance between mega cities of India.
These highways will integrate various markets of the country.