Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – Internet Basics

December 5, 2022

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – Internet Basics

Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark each]

Question 1. Why is Internet is so popular? CBSE 2004
Answer: Due to its extensible use and sharing of data, Internet becomes so popular.

Question 2. Mention any two major uses of Internet. CBSE 2003
Answer: The two major uses of Internet are as follows:

For the students and educational purposes, Internet is widely used to gather information so as to do the research.
We can send/receive the mail all over the world.

More Resources for CBSE Class 10

Question 3. Write two advantages of using Internet. CBSE 2006
Answer: Advantages of using Internet are as follows:

It is used for communication, entertainment, searching information and for providing many types of services.
It provides the facility of E-mail.

Question 4. Name the protocol, which helps you to communicate between a Web server and a Web browser.
Answer: HTTP

Question 5. Write the name of any two Internet Service Provider(ISP) in India. CBSE 2004,02
Answer: MTNL and Airtel.

Question 6. Name any two ways of wireless connections of Internet.
Answer: Wi-Fi and WiMax.

Question 7. Name any two Internet protocols used by Web.
Answer: HTTP and FTP.

Question 8. Name any five DSL broadband service providers in India.
Answer: BSNL, Airtel, Reliance, MTNL and Tata Indicom.

Question 9. What can a user do with WWW?
Answer: Using WWW, a user can download files, listen to music view video files and jump to other documents or websites by using hypertext links.

Question 10. Name any two major services provided by Internet.
Answer: E-mail and WWW.

Question 11. Can we use URL to access a Web page? How?
Answer: Yes, as a location on a Web server, which is called a Website and each Website has a unique address known as URL. So, an URL can be used to access a Web page.

Question 12. Which language is helpful to create Web pages?
Answer: HTML is used for designing Web page.

Question 13. Mr. Lai owns a factory which manufactures automobile spare parts. Suggest him the advantages of having a Web page for his factory.
Answer: The Web page provides the information to the clients about his factory of spare parts. Moreover, he can receive the order on the Internet from the clients using the Web page.

Question 14. Write the relationship between a Website and a Web server.
Answer: Web server is a computer on which a Website is hosted.

Question 15. Write the Web extensions (top level domain names) given to a Websites of the following types of organisations. CBSE 2008

educational
government

Answer:

.edu
.gov

Question 16. Write Web extensions given to sites of the following types of organisations. CBSE 2007

network organisation
government agencies

Answer:

.net
.gov

Question 17. Name two Web browsers of Internet.
Answer: Internet Explorer and Google Chrome.

Question 18. Identify Web addresses and E-mail addresses from the following CBSE 2009

www.scrapbook.com
[email protected]
www.countrywide.co.in
[email protected]

Answer:

and
and
are Web address
are E-mail address

Question 19. Expand the following Web extensions using with Web addresses.

.org
.in

Answer:

Organisation
India

Question 20. Write any two Web extensions used with Web addresses.
Answer: .org and .com

Question 21. Identify Web addresses and E-mail addresses from the following CBSE 2009

www.kool.com
[email protected]
www.hotspider.co.in
[email protected]

Answer:

and
Web address
and
E-mail address

Question 22. What is URL?
Answer: URL means Uniform Resource Locator. It is a full unique address of a Web page on the Internet. It specifies the Internet address of a file stored on a host computer connected to the Internet.

Short Answer Type Questions [2 & 3 Marks each]

Question 1. How did the Internet begin?
Answer: The Internet has gained popularity and emerged as an important and efficient means of communication. The term Internet is derived from the words ‘interconnection’ and ‘networks’. A network is a collection of two or more computers, which are connected together to share information and resources. The Internet is a worldwide system of computer networks, i.e. network of networks. Through Internet, computers become able to exchange information with each other and find diverse perspective on issues from a global audience. Most of the people uses Internet for sending and receiving E-mail and net surfing for retrieving information.

Question 2. Many organisations use both Internet and Intranet. Give some differences between Intranet and Internet.
Answer: Differences between Intranet and Internet are as follows:

Internet is a Wide Area Network (WAN), while Intranet is a Local Area Network (LAN).
Greater amount of information is available on Internet, while on Intranet specific amount of information is available.
Internet is not safe as Intranet can be safely privatised as per the need.

Question 3. Write three disadvantages of using Internet.
Answer: The three disadvantages of using Internet are as follows:

Cyber frauds
Information misuse
Computer virus circulation

Question 4. How do Internet help us?
Answer: Internet can be useful for us in following ways:

Allows organisations to advertise their products.
Provides information.
Easily communicate with other people.
Save paper as we can publish documents on the Internet.

Question 5. What is MODEM? CBSE 2006
Answer: MODEM stands for MOdulator/DEModulator. It is a hardware device that enables a computer to send and receive information over telephone lines by converting the digital data used by your computer into an analog signal used on telephone lines and the converting back once received on the other end.

Question 6. Define home page. Give two advantages of home page.
Answer: A home page is the first page of a Website.
The two advantages of home page are as follows:

It helps viewers to find out what they can find on that site.
Publicity of an individual or community.

Question 7. Write a note on IP address and give its characteristics.
Answer: Internet internally follows number based addressing system. Numeric address of a computer is called IP address by a scheme called Domain Name System (DNS). The IP address consists of four numbers from 0 to 255, separated by dots.
The characteristics of an IP address are as follows:

IP addresses are unique.
IP addresses are global and standardised.

Question 8. How do you differentiate between a Web address and an E-mail address?
Answer: The basic differences between a Web address and an E-mail address are as follows:

E-mail address is a network address whereas Web address is the Internet address.
An E-mail address always contains the ‘at the rate’ sign (@) whereas, a Web address never does.

Question 9. What is the significance of HTTP?
Answer: HTTP is a protocol used on Internet. It works in combination with WWW. It allows us to access hypertext documents on WWW. Since, WWW allows us to access or use multimedia files on the Internet and the hypertext files support multimedia.

Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks each]

Question 1. Why is Internet called ‘Network of Networks’?
Answer:

Internet is called ‘Network of Networks’ because it is global network of computers that are linked together by cables and telephone lines making communication possible among them. It can be defined as a global network over a million of smaller heterogeneous computer networks.
The network which consists of thousands of networks spanning the entire globe is known as Internet.
The Internet is a world wide collection of networked computers, which are able to exchange information with each other very quickly.
Mostly people use the Internet in two ways, E-mail and World Wide Web. In Internet, most computers are not connected directly, they are connected to smaller networks, which in turn are connected through gateways to the Internet backbone.
A gateway is a device that connects dissimilar networks. A backbone is central interconnecting structure that connects one or more networks.

Question 2. What is DNS and also explain its functions? CBSE 2013
Answer: DNS stands for Domain Name System. It is a hierarchical distributed naming system for computers, services or any resources connected to the Internet or a private network. It associates various information with domain names assigned to each of the participating entities.
The different functions of DNS are as follows:

It translates meaningful domain names into the numerical IP addresses, which is needed for the purpose of locating computer services and devices world wide.
It serves as the phone book for the Internet by translating human friendly computer host names into IP addresses.
The DNS can be quickly updated, allowing a service’s location on the network to change without affecting the end users.
It distributes the responsibility of assigning domain names and mapping those names to IP addresses by designating authoritative names servers for each domain.
It also specifies the technical functionality of database service. It defines the DNS protocol, a detailed specification of the data structure and data communication exchanges used in DNS, as part of the Internet Protocol Suite (IPS).

Question 3. Give an example of E-mail address and explain each part of it.
Answer: The example of an E-mail address is [email protected].
The format of E-mail address is username@hostname or domain name. So, as per the above example of E-mail address abc is the username and gmail.com is the name of hosting server or host (domain) name. Thus, we can say that E-mail address has two parts separated by symbol.

Username: On the left side of separator @ is the user name. A user name cannot have blanks.
Domain name for the host server: The portion to the right of @ identifies the server or host network that services your E-mail. It is also known as E-mail server.

Application Oriented Questions

Question 1. Read the following paragraph. Find six network and communication related abbreviations and give their expanded form alongwith a single-line definition of each of them. CBSE 2011
The RBI is planning to expand its connectivity with all major banks of India. The plan includes providing TCP connectivity through HTTP for easy access points and seeks help from some ISPs to join hands in this venture.
Also, there is a plan to set-up IIS and SMTP servers. Some banks will go for ADSL line while others will use leased line connectivity to access these services.
The RBI is also taking help of IIT professors in this venture.
Answer: Six network and communication related abbreviations are as follows:

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) A protocol developed for the Internet to get information from one network device to another.
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) A protocol that transmits hypertext over networks. This is the protocol of the Web.
ISP (Internet Service Provider) An organisation that provides access to the Internet through various connectivity methods.
IIS (Internet Information Server) It is a Microsoft proprietary Web server software.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) It distributes E-mail messages and attached files to one or more electronic mail boxes.
ADSL (Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line) A data communication technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional voice band modem can provide.

Question 2. The following sentences describe the term Web browser.
Web browsers are programs used to explore the (1) ………… . A Web browser is an interface that helps a computer user gain access to all the content that is on the Internet and the hard disk of the computer. It can view (2) …………, text documents, audio and video files, games etc. More than one (3) …………. can also be installed on a single computer. The user can navigate through files, folders and (4) ………… with the help of a browser. When the browser is used for browsing (5) …………, the pages may contain certain links which can be opened in a new browser. Multiple tabs and windows of the same browser can also be opened. An example of Web browser is (6) ……….. .
Fill in the blanks with words from the list given below:
Internet, TCP, Images, Web browser, Photos, Websites, SMTP, Web pages, Google Chrome
Answer:

Internet
Images
Web browser
Websites
Web pages
Google Chrome

Question 3. Laluma Chakradhar wants a broadband connection to access her mails and stay informed about the latest happening in the field of Biotechnology. Can you suggest two Internet Service Providers (ISPs) of India to be approached for the same? CBSE 2011
Answer: BSNL and Airtel

Multiple Choice Questions [1 Mark each]

Question 1. What can you do with the Internet? CBSE 2011
(a) Exchange information with friends and colleagues
(b) Access pictures, sounds, video clips and other media elements
(c) Find diverse perspective on issues from a global audience
(d) Internet exchange information, access pictures, find diverse perspective on issue from a global audience.
Answer: (d) Internet exchange information, access pictures, find diverse perspective on issues from a global audience.

Question 2. Each computer connected to the Internet must
(a) be-a pentium machine
(b) have an unique IP address
(c) have a Web browser
(d) have a modem connection
Answer: (b) Each computer connected to the Internet must have an unique IP address.

Question 3. A set of rules that governs data communication is
(a) protocol
(b) information
(c) HTML
(d) E-mail
Answer: (a) A protocol is a set of rules that governs the communication between computers on a network.

Question 4. Which communication protocol is used by Internet?
(a) TCP/IP
(b) WWW
(c) HTML
(d) W3C
Answer: (a) TCP/IP manages the transmission of uata/file document on the Internet.

Question 5. Which part of TCP/IP is responsible for dividing a file or message into very small parts, at the source computer?
(a) TCP
(b) IP
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
Answer: (a) TCP part breaks the messages into smaller packets that are transmitted over the Internet.

Question 6. In Internet Protocol (IP), data is organised in the form of
(a) bundles
(b) packets
(c) switches
(d) parts
Answer: (b) IP has the task of delivering packets from the source host to the destination host.

Question 7. Internet E-mail is based on standards known as
(a) protocols
(b) networks
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) hardware
Answer: (a) Internet uses all its services like E-mail service through standard protocols.

Question 8. To joint the Internet, the computer has to be connected to a
(a) Internet architecture board
(b) Internet society
(c) Internet service provider
(d) None of the above
Answer: (c) Internet service provider is used to joint the Internet.

Question 9. The first network was
(a) ARPANET
(b) Internet
(c) NSFnet
(d) NET
Answer: (a) The Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork (ARPANET) was the world’s first operational packet switching network.

Question 10. Digital information is converted into analog information by the modem at CBSE 2011
(a) destination computer
(b) source computer
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Neither (a) nor (b)
Answer: (b) Digital information is converted into analog information by modem at source computer.

Question 11. An organisation responsible for providing Internet services to customer is commonly known as
(a) Government
(b) ISP
(c) TCP/IP
(d) HTTP
Answer: (b) ISP are the companies that register themselves under the government domain according to the copyright law.

Question 12. Nick connects to the Internet at home using a laptop computer with a wireless connection. Nick is going to change to a desktop computer using a 1 Gbps ethernet cable connection.
Which of these should be the result of making the changes?
(a) Increased portability and decreased speed.
(b) Decreased portability and increased speed.
(c) Increased portability and increased speed.
(d) Decreased portability and decreased speed.
Answer: (b) Decreased portability and increased speed will be the result.

Question 13. Combination of multimedia and hyperlink is called
(a) hypermedia
(b) E-mail
(c) hypertext
(d) None of these
Answer: (c) Hypertext refers to the combination of text, graphic images, audio and video tracks and hyperlinks.

Question 14. In URL, http://www.cbse.coin/index.htm, which component identifies the path of a Web page?
(a) http
(b) www.cbse.com
(c) /index.htm
(d) All of these
Answer: (c) /index.htm, because path name identifies the path of a Web page.

Question 15. A collection of Web pages linked together in a random order is CBSE 2014
(a) a Website
(b) a Web server
(c) a search engine
(d) a Web browser
Answer: (a) A Website is a collection of Web pages linked together in a random order and displays related information on a specific topic.

Question 16. In URL, http://www.cbse.com/index.htm, which component identifies the Website?
(a) http
(b) www.cbse.com
(c) /index.htm
(d) All of these
Answer: (b) www.cbse.com, because domain name identifies the Website.

Question 17. Home page helps viewers to find out what they can find on the particular site? Home page is the
(a) first page of a Website
(b) index page
(c) about page
(d) None of these
Answer: (a) Home page refers to the initial or main or first Web page of a Website, sometimes called the front page.

Question 18. ………… is an example of text-based browser, which provides access to the Internet in the text-only mode.
(a) Mozilla Firefox
(b) Lynx
(c) Internet Explorer
(d) All of these
Answer: (b) Lynx is a highly configurable text-based Web browser.

Question 19. Which client software is used to request and display Web pages?
(a) Web server
(b) Multimedia
(c) FTP
(d) Web browser
Answer: (d) A Web browser is a program that your computer runs to communicate with Web servers on the Internet, which enables you to download and display the Web pages that you request.

Question 20. Google Chrome is an example of
(a) Web browser
(b) Web server
(c) HTTP
(d) WWW
Answer: (a) Web browser is the program that is used to explore the Internet. Thus, Google Chrome is an example of Web browser.

Question 21. Programs that ask servers for services are called
(a) users
(b) hosts
(c) clients
(d) programs
Answer: (c) In client server model, client is a piece of hardware/software that ask servers for services.

Question 22. A Web page is located using a
(a) Universal Record Linking
(b) Uniform Resource Locator
(c) Universal Record Locator
(d) Uniformly Reachable Links
Answer: (b) URL (Uniform Resource Locator) specifies the location of a specific Web page on the Internet.

Question 23. Kirti, a student, has written some points about Web pages and URL. CBSE 2015

Which of the following statements are true about Web pages?
(a) You cannot E-mail a link of Web page.
(b) You cannot create a Web page.
(c) Web pages are written in HTML.
(d) Web pages are viewed through browser.
Which of the following statements are true about URL?
(a) URL means Uniform Resource Locator.
(b) You can enter URL into address bar.
(c) An example of URL is [email protected].
(d) It is not necessary for URL to be unique.

Answer: 1. (c) and (d) 2. (a) and (b)

Question 24. An IP address is a string of ……….. numbers separated by periods. CBSE 2011
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 2
(d) 5
Answer: (b) An IP address consists of 4 numbers separated by periods.

Question 25. Domain names always have two or more parts, separated by
(a) commas
(b) periods (called dots)
(c) semicolon
(d) None of these
Answer: (b) A domain name is a hierarchical series of character strings representing different levels of domains separated by dot/period.

Question 26. A domain name ending with .org belongs to
(a) an educational institution
(b) an organisation
(c) a site that is highly organised
(d) a commercial Website
Answer: (b) On the Internet, all Websites owned and operated by an organisation are part of the .org domain.

Question 27. IP addresses are converted into CBSE 2013
(a) a binary string
(b) alphanumeric string
(c) a hierarchy of domain names
(d) a hexadecimal string
Answer: (c) DNS translates domain names into their IP addresses and vice-versa.

Question 28. In all computers on the Internet, owned and operated by education institution form part of the
(a) .com domain
(b) .edu domain
(c) .mil domain
(d) .org domain
Answer: (b) The domain name edu provides domain registration at no cost to educational institutions.

Question 29. Which of these services will not be provided by a typical Internet Service Provider (ISP)?
(a) An E-mail address
(b) Modem
(c) A connection to the Internet
(d) Technical help
Answer: (a) ISP refers to a company that provides Internet services, modem, connection and technical help. It does not provide an E-mail address.

Question 30. A blog consists of
(a) images
(b) text
(c) links
(d) All of these
Answer: (d) A blog consists of images, text and links.

Question 31. Online discussion through posts about various topics is called
(a) E-Discussion
(b) Newsgroup
(c) E-mail
(d) Chat
Answer: (b) Newsgroup helps for online discussion.

Question 32. On Internet, to go to other Web page through button, the user should use CCE 2012
(a) Search tools
(b) Find and replace
(c) Search engine
(d) hyperlink
Answer: (d) On Internet, to go to other Web page available through button, the user should use hyperlinks.

Question 33. HTML is a markup language for describing Web document. HTML uses
(a) pre-specified tags
(b) user defined tags
(c) tags only for linking
(d) fixed tags defined by the language
Answer: (d) HTML uses fixed tags defined by the language.

Fill in the Blanks

Q1. Internet is a network of …………. . CBSE 2011
Answer: networks

Q2. In Internet, …………. is responsible for handling the address of destination computer.
Answer: Internet protocol

Q3. A ………….. is a temporary connection that uses the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) to connect to the Internet.
Answer: dial-up connection

Q4. ………… allows delivery of voice communications over IP networks.
Answer: VoIP

Q5. In WWW a client is called ……….. and a server is called ………
Answer: Web browser, Web server

Q6. Web pages on a site are linked together through a system of ………..
Answer: hyperlinks

Q7. Safari is a Web browser developed by ………..
Answer: Apple

Q8. ………. is a computer program that provides services to other computer programs.
Answer: Server

Q9. ………… refers to the amount of data that a signal or a circuit can carry. CBSE 2013
Answer: Bandwidth

Q10. The address of location of the document on WWW is called ……….. .
Answer: URL

Q11. The character based naming system by which server are identified is known as ……….. . CBSE 2013
Answer: domain name system

Q12. [email protected] represents an ………… .
Answer: E-mail address

Q13. Blogging is the act of posting content on a …….. .
Answer: blog

Q14. The bulletin board which produces news over Internet is known as ………… .
Answer: Newsgroup

Q15. In URL http://www.cbse.nic.in/ is a …………. protocol.
Answer: http

True or Folse

Q1. TCP helps in converting the digital signal to analog signal and vice-versa.
Answer: False The process of converting digital signal into analog signal is called modulation and is done by a modem.

Q2. WWW is an Internet service.
Answer: True The World Wide Web (WWW) is a set of programs, standards and protocols that allows the multimedia and hypertext files to be created, displayed and linked on the Internet.

Q3. Web pages and Websites are same.
Answer: False Website is the collection of Web pages .

Q4. Website can be accessed by URL.
Answer: True Each Website is accessed by its own address known as URL.

Q5. Home page is the server page of a Website.
Answer: False Home page is the first Web page of a Website. When a Website is opened, its home page is displayed.

Q6. Firefox is a Web server.
Answer: False Firefox is a Web browser.

Q7. URL is an Internet machine.
Answer: False L’RL is the Web address for a Website or a Web page.

Q8. IP address is given to every computer for its unique identification.
Answer: True An IP address serves two principal functions:

Host or network interface identification
Location addressing

Q9. Domain name .mil describes military address.
Answer: True It is according to domain names.

Q10. .edu is an education domain.
Answer: True .edu is a top level domain for education.

Q11. HTML is used to create Web pages.
Answer: True HTML is a markup language which is used to create Web pages.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – Microsoft Access

December 2, 2022

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – Microsoft Access

Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark each]

Question 1. What is the default extension of a MS-Access database?
Answer: The default extension of a MS-Access database is .accdb.

Question 2. How NUMBER and DATE/TIME type fields are different in Access? Give any one difference.
Answer: NUMBER data type contains numeric values, while DATE/TIME type field contains date and time values.

More Resources for CBSE Class 10

Question 3. Give five names of database templates used in MS-Access 2007.
Answer: Assets, Contacts, Events, Faculty and Issues.

Question 4. What happens when you enter numbers in a Text data type field? CBSE 2008
Answer: Numbers are accepted as a text values.

Question 5. Name the data type that should be used to store Student’s Admission numbers.
[Examples of Admission number; S100, S101, S102] CBSE 2008
Answer: Data type should be Text.

Question 6. Give the names of five data types used in MS-Access.
Answer: Text, Memo, Date/Time, Yes/No and Currency.

Question 7. What happens when text is entered in a Number type field? CBSE 2005
Answer: When we enter text in a Number field and press Enter or press Tab key, MS-Access displays a message that “The value you entered does not match the Number data type in this column.”

Question 8. Is it necessary to define a field type for a field in MS-Access?
Answer: Yes, it is necessary to define a type of a field while entering data into a field.

Question 9. Write one example of data for which Memo data type is used. CBSE 2008
Answer: To store resume of an employee in Employee table is an example of Memo data type.

Question 10. Which property should be set, if it is required that ‘Delhi’ is automatically entered in the city field when a new record is created? CBSE 2008
Answer: Default Value property should be set.

Question 11. Which field property sets limits on the data that is entered? CBSE 2006
Answer: Fixed Field Length or Field Size property sets the limits on the data entered.

Question 12. For which type of field, “Default Value” property is not applicable? CBSE 2007
Answer: Attachment, AutoNumber, OLE Object.

Question 13. What is the use of AutoNumber type field used in MS-Access?
or
Define the AutoNumber data type in MS- Access. CBSE 2006
Answer: AutoNumber data type starts with a number for the first record and it automatically increases the number by a set of amount for each record.

Question 14. Which field property specifies whether the field can be left empty when entering data into a record? CBSE 2005
Answer: Required property

Question 15. What are two areas of the Design View of the table? CBSE 2006
Answer: Field description and Field properties.

Question 16. What happens, if you do not enter a caption for a field?
Answer: In this case, Field Name is used as a label.

Question 17. If the data type of a field is set to Text, what will be its number range?
Answer: Its range will be 0 to 255.

Question 18. What are the views in which fields can be deleted in MS-Access? CBSE 2006
Answer: Datasheet View and Design View.

Question 19. What is Fixed Field Length?
Answer: It refers to a type of field length in which the number of characters you enter will be fixed.

Question 20. What are the commands contained by Create tab?
Answer: The Create tab has various commands such as Table Design, Table Templates, Pivotchart, Form, Report, Macro and Query Wizard.

Short Answer Type Questions [2 & 3 Marks each]

Question 1. How will you create a blank database in MS-Access 2007?
Answer: Creating a Blank Database
To create a new blank database, you need to perform the steps which are as follows:

Step 1 Start Microsoft Access 2007, then Getting Started with Microsoft Office Access page will appear.
Step 2 Click on Blank Database icon, the Blank Database pane will appear at the right hand side as shown in the below figure:
Step 3 Type a name for the database in the File Name: box. If you do not give a file name extension, Access automatically adds the default extension .accdb.
To change the location of the file from the default, click on Browse (Sir ) icon for changing the location.
Step 4 Click Create button.
Access creates the database with an empty table named Table 1, which will open in Datasheet View.
The cursor is placed in the first empty cell in the Add New Field column as shown in following figure:

Question 2. Explain field length with its types.
Answer: It refers to the maximum number of characters that a field can contain. Each character requires one byte for its storage.
Field length is of two types which are as follows:

Fixed length field It is a type of field length in which the number of characters you enter in a field is fixed. These are present in Format option in Data Type Formatting group (in Datasheet tab) such as Currency, Euro, Percent etc.
Variable length field In this type of field length, the number of characters is not fixed. Actually, the number of characters of the data entered in the field decide the field length.
The field length or field size of each data type are as follows:

Question 3. What are Datasheet View and Design View?
Answer: In MS-Access 2007, two types of views are available to create a table as follows:

Datasheet View It provides a visual way to create a table. It is a simple view which arranges the data in rows and columns and allows to edit the data, but not allows to change the format of the database, other than minor changes (such as insert or delete columns).
Design View It allows you to create or change the table. You can set or change every available properties for each field and can open existing tables in Design View, add, remove or change fields.

Question 4. Write down the steps to insert a new row into the table. CBSE 2003
or
How can you add a record in the table in Datasheet View?
Answer: Insert a Record
Steps to insert a record in a Datasheet View are as follows:

Step 1 When you create a table, a new blank record automatically appears in the second row of the table
or
If you enter data in the last record, a new blank record will automatically appear at the end of the table.
Step 2 Type data into the fields.
Step 3 When you have finished adding records in the datasheet, save it and close it.

Question 5. How can you delete an Access table from a database?
Answer: Steps to delete a table are as follows:

Step 1 Find a table in the All Access Objects list.
Step 2 Right click on a table and select Delete.
Step 3 Now, MS-Access will display the prompt message to confirm that you want to delete the table or not.
Step 4 Click on Yes button to delete a table with its contents.

Question 6. When Memo data type is preferred over Text type for a field? CBSE 2008
Answer: When the length of the field is more than 255 characters. Text data type is not capable to store the project description because its length can not be more than 255 characters so, Memo data type is preferred over Text data type.

Question 7. Distinguish between Text and Memo data types. CBSE 2006
or
How are field types Text and Memo different from each other? Explain with the help of an example. CBSE 2007
Answer: Distinguishing between Text and Memo are as follows:

Text	Memo
It is used for relatively short entries.	It is used for long text paragraphs.
It can store upto 255 characters only.	It can store upto 65536 characters.
It uses field size property to control the number of characters.	It does not use field size property.
e.g. Emp_name	e.g. Emp_description

Question 8. When is AutoNumber data type preferred over Number data type? CBSE 2008
Answer: When you want to increment the number automatically as you add or delete the records. AutoNumber data type is preferred. Also, if the table does not have a primary key, then AutoNumber uniquely identifies the record.

Question 9. A text field is initially 40 characters long and one record has an entry in this field in MS-Access database. The field value contains 28 characters, including spaces. Now, you have reduced the length of the field to 20 characters. What will happen to the field value?
Answer: Since, the new field length is 20 characters long. So, this field will contain only left 20 characters including spaces and the remaining data will be discarded. Thus, the data from the right side of the field will be lost.

Question 10. Write one example of data field for which you would set the Required property to Yes? CBSE 2008
Answer: In a table, when we declare a field as a primary key, then the field’s Required property must be set to Yes because in a primary key field, we need to enter data always.

Question 11. What is the purpose of Default Value field property? CBSE 2007, 05
Answer: If there is a situation when you want to enter same value for all records. Then, to avoid typing the same thing many times, you can set as a Default Value property.

Question 12. What do you mean by the Entry Required field information?
Answer: Entry Required field decides whether entering data in the field is necessary or not. So, if Entry Required is set to Yes, then that field must have some value in it. By default, Entry Required is set to Yes.

Question 13. What is a primary key? How do we set a primary key? CBSE 2007, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02
or
Define primary key. How do you set it in MS-Access? CBSE 2006
Answer: Primary key is the key which is used to uniquely identify the records into the table. To set the primary key you have to follow steps given below:
Step 1 Select the field that you want to set as a primary key.
Step 2 Click Primary Key button from the Design tab.
or
Right click on the selected field and select Primary Key.

Question 14. Give any one difference between freezing a field and hiding a field. CBSE 2003, 02
Answer: When you freeze a field, then no matter how far you scroll down in a datasheet, you will always see the frozen field. But, when you hide a field, then it means that field is not displayed on the screen.

Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks each]

Question 1. What is database template? Give the description of five templates, used in Microsoft Access 2007.
Answer: Template is a complete tracking application with predefined tables, forms, reports, queries, macros and relationships. Each template creates a complete end-to-end solution that you can use either with no modification or customise to suit your business needs.

MS-Access 2007 includes a collection of database templates, which are as follows:

Assets It is used to create an assets database to keep track of assets, including asset details and owners.
Contacts It is used to create a contacts database to manage information about people such as customers, partners etc.
Issues It is used to create an issues database to manage a set of issues or problems. You can assign priority and follow the progress of issues from start to finish.
Events It is used to create an events database for tracking, upcoming meetings, deadlines and other important events.
Marketing projects It is used to create a marketing projects database to track time-sensitive deliverable and vendor status for projects.
Projects It is used to create a projects tracking database to track multiple projects and assign tasks to different people.

Question 2. Explain MS-Access Ribbon.
Answer: The Ribbon contains a series of command tabs. In MS-Access 2007, the main command tabs are as follows:

Home
Create
External Data
Database Tools
Datasheet

Command Tab	Common Things You Can Do
Home	Select a different view from the Views group. Copy, cut and paste from the Clipboard group. Set the current font characteristics and alignment from the Font group. From Rich Text group apply formatting to a memo field. Work with Records (New, Save, Delete, Totals, Spelling, More). Sort & Filter the records. Find the records.
Create	Create a new blank table. Create a new table using a Table Templates. Create a list on a SharePoint Lists. Create a new form based on the active table or query. Create a new PivotChart. Create a new report based on the active table or query. Create a new query, macro, module or class module.
External Data	Import and Export data. Collect data via E-mail. Work with online SharePoint Lists. Saved imports and exports.
Database Tools	Launch the Visual Basic editor and run a macro. Create and view table relationships. Show/Hide object dependencies or the property sheet. Run the Database Documenter or analyse performance and table. Move data to Microsoft SQL Server or an Access (Tables only) database. Run the Linked Table Manager. Encrypt database with Password. Manage Access Add-ins.
Datasheet	Provides a datasheet, pivottable, pivotchart and design view. Manages fields and columns of the table. Set the data type and formatting. Create table relationships and object dependencies.

Question 3. Write one example of each field, for which you would use CBSE 2007, 06, 05

Text data type
Memo data type

Answer:

Text data type It allows to store text or combination of text and numbers as well as numbers that don’t require calculations such as phone number. This data type allows maximum 255 characters to store.
e.g. if Employee is a table and Emp_No, Name and Description are fields, then name will be a Text field. Because, name is a character entry field.
Memo data type It allows long blocks of text that uses text formatting, e.g. in the Employee table, the field Description will be of Memo data type, because the length of description of employee may be large.

Question 4. Distinguish between Number and AutoNumber data type field. Give example of each. CBSE 2007, 05
Answer: Distinguishing between Number and AutoNumber data

Number	AutoNumber
It holds numeric values which are used for calculations.	It allows to store numbers that are automatically generated for each record.
The field length of this data type is 1,2, 4, 8 or 16 bytes.	The field length of this data type is 4 bytes.
It does not support field property New values.	It supports the field property New values.
e.g. in a table Employee, Salary is a Number type field.	e.g. in a table Bank, the AccountNo is a AutoNumber field as, for every new customer, this field will automatically increase and will provide a new number.

Question 5. Which field properties are used in Office Access 2007? Give the purpose of each field property.
Answer: Field Properties
After you create a field and set its data types, you can also set additional field properties. Setting field properties can give the database extra flexibility and functionality.
Some important properties of field are as follows:

Field Property	Description	Supported by
Field Size	It limits the number of characters that can be typed into a field.	AutoNumber, Text, Number.
Format	It customises the way that text or numbers are displayed and printed.	Text, Memo, Number, DateTime, Currency, Auto Number, Yes/No, Hyperlink.
Input Mask	It sets up the field to receive data in a particular format.	Text, Number, DateTime, Currency.
Caption	It adds a label to the field to assist the user.	All data types.
Default Value	Sets a value to appear in the field before you enter any data. It is used to avoid the type.	Text, Memo, Number, Date/Time, Currency, Yes/No, Hyperlink.
Validation Rule	A condition that must be meet before the data is accepted into the database.	Text, Memo, Number, DateTime, Currency, Yes/No, Hyperlink.
Validation Text	This appears if a validation rule is not satisfied.	Same as validation rule.
Required	Makes data entry compulsory, so that field can not be left blank.	Text, Memo, Number, Date/Time, Currency, OLE Object, Hyperlink, Attachment.
Indexed	To speed up queries, sorting and grouping operations or to prevent users from entering duplicate values.	Text, Memo, Numbers, Date/Time, Currency, Auto Number, Yes/No, Hyperlink.
Smart Tags	Attaches smart tag to the field.	Text, Memo, Number, Date/Time, Currency, AutoNumber, Hyperlink.
Text Align	Specifies the alignment (i.e. general, left, center etc.) of text within a control.	Text, Memo, Number, Date/Time, Currency AutoNumber, Yes/No, OLE Object, Hyperlink.

Application Oriented Questions

Question 1. Pronita is a programmer in an institution and is asked to handle the records containing personal information of the teachers teaching in the institution.
Use the information to give the answer of the following questions (1) to (3).

Suggest five held names, which you think must be present in the table Teacherlnfo and why?
Give the data type of the suggested fields.
Which held is most likely to be the key field and why?

Answer: Suggested five fields are as follows:

TCode —> To store the code of the teachers.
TName —> To store the name of the teachers.
TSubject —> To store the name of subjects for which the teacher is placed in the institution.
Address —> To store the address of the teachers.
Salary —> To store the monthly income of the teachers.
TCode —> Text
TName —> Text
TSubject —> Text
Address —> Text
Salary —> Number
TCode is most likely to be the key field because it has a unique value for each of the records.

Question 2. The following table named SummerCamp shows part of the information kept on children attending the summer camp in Shimla.

Answer the following questions:

State the number of fields in’the above table.
State the number of records in the above table.
Give one reason why SummerCamp would add a record.
Give one reason why SummerCamp would edit a record.
Give one reason why SummerCamp would delete a record.
Give any two data types used in the table.

Answer:

Number of fields-6
Number of records-7
If a new child joins the SummerCamp, then SummerCamp would add a record in the table.
If a child is shifted from one group to another, then SummerCamp would edit a record in the table.
If any child leaves the SummerCamp, then SummerCamp would delete a record of that child from the table.
Text and Date/Time.

Question 3. Consider the following database:

Answer the following questions:

Write the name of the field that contains numeric data.
Identify the primary key field in the database.
Identify the field type of the DateofSale field.
Identify the names of the fields that contain textual data.
The given table contains how many fields and records?
Which property should you use, if you want to make sure that the QtySold entered is less than 10?

Answer:

Qty Sold and Amount fields
ProductCode field
Date/Time data type
ProductCode, ProductName and CustomerName fields
6 fields and 5 records
Validation Rule

Question 4. Look at the given table called ‘Item’ and answer the questions. CCE 2011

Suggest the data types of all the fields.
Which two fields can act as the primary key from the above table?

Answer:

ItemID —> Text
ItemName —> Text
ItemStock —> Number
ItemDOP —> Date
QuantityPurchased —> Number
ItemID and ItemName can act as primary key.

Question 5. Damini is a programmer in an institute and is asked to handle the records containing information of students. Suggest any 5 fields name and their data type of students database. CBSE 2013
Answer:

Question 6. Answer the following questions based on the database given below: CBSE 2013

Identify the primary key and justify your answer.
Suggest suitable data type for Unit_Cost and justify your answer.
If the database is sorted in ascending order of UnitCost. What is the product name of last record?
How will you ensure that Supplier_No must not be empty?
To add the details of new product, what should the user add: record or field? Write the steps for the same.
How will you ensure that ‘1’ must appear in Supplier_No, if no value is entered?
How many records and fields are there in the above table?
It is needed to add photograph of the product in the database. Which is suitable data type for the same?

Answer:

The primary key of the given table Product will be Prod _Id because no two products have same Product_Id. So, it will be uniquely identify for each record into the table.
The suitable data type for the field Unit_Cost is Number because this field in the table contains value in numbers only.
Crayons
By setting the Required property to Yes.
To add the details of new product the user should add a record. The steps are as follows:
- Step 1 Open the database.
- Step 2 Open the table in which you want to add a record in a Datasheet View.
- Step 3 If you open the table, a new blank record will automatically appear at the end of the table.
- Step 4 Type the data into the fields.
- Step 5 Save the table.
By setting the property Default Value which is to be set as 1.
Records = 8, Fields = 8
The data type OLE Object is suitable for adding the photograph of the product into the table.

Multiple Choice Questions [1 Mark each]

Q1. Microsoft Access is an example of
(a) Computer
(b) DBMS
(c) CPU
(d) Device
Answer: (b) MS-Access is the DataBase Management System (DBMS) found in the Microsoft Office suite.

Q2. Which of the following is not a part of a table structure in MS-Access?
(a) Field Name
(b) Field Type
(c) Primary Key
(d) Number of Records
Answer: (d) From the given options Field Name, Field Type Primary Key are the part of a table.

Q3. In a MS-Access database, which component is not present?
(a) Formula Bar
(b) Tables
(c) Queries
(d) Forms
Answer: (a) MS-Access contains various components, i.e. Tables, Queries, Forms, Reports, Macros and Modules.

Q4. Which of the following is not a data type?
(a) Picture/Graphic
(b) Date/Time
(c) Text
(d) Number
Answer: (a) From the given options Date/Time, Text and Number are the data types.

Q5. What data type should you choose for a zipcode field in a table? CBSE 2011
(a) Text (b) Number (c) Memo (d) All of these
Answer: (b) Number data type should be chosen for a zipcode field in a table.

Q6. For what, Memo data type is used?
(a) To add table
(b) To store objects created in other programs
(c) For long text entries
(d) For short text entries
Answer: (c) As we know, Memo provides character upto 65536 so, it is used for long text entries.

Q7. The default data type for a field is
(a) Number
(b) AutoNumber
(c) Currency
(d) Text
Answer: (d) The default data type for a field is Text.

Q8. Single and double are the types of
(a) Integer data type
(b) Decimal numbers
(c) Text data
(d) None of these
Answer: (a) Integer data type provides single and double data types.

Q9. You create a table in MS-Access. You decided to create two fields RollNo and DateofBirth, what will be the data type for DateofBirth column?
(a) Number
(b) Text
(c) Yes/No
(d) Date/Time
Answer: (d) Date/Time will be the data type because it allows to store date and time format.

Q10. Which data type helps you to handle input that is in boolean format?
(a) OLE Object
(b) Attachment
(c) Yes/No
(d) None of these
Answer: (c) Yes/No will allow boolean value.

Q11. Which property is used to add a label to the field to assist the user?
(a) Default value
(b) Caption
(c) Format
(d) Indexed
Answer: (b) Caption is used to add a label to the field for assisting to the user.

Q12. Which field property helps in setting data validation in a table?
(a) Caption
(b) Default Value
(c) Decimal Places
(d) Validation Rule
Answer: (d) Validation Rule property specifies a condition that must be met before the data is accepted into the database.

Q13. What is the purpose of the description column in table Design View? CBSE 2011
(a) To describe the data that should be entered in each field
(b) To define the data type applied to each field within the table
(c) To enter lookup data, the field should be refer to the table
(d) None of the above
Answer: (a) A Design View of table provides three columns as Field Name, Data Type and Description. The description column provides the facility to write description about Field Name.

Q14. An integer takes a storage size of
(a) 2 bytes
(b) 1 byte
(c) 4 bytes
(d) 8 bytes
Answer: (a) An integer takes a storage size of 2 bytes.

Q15. When you define a field for a table, which of the following parameters do Access always consider optional? CBSE 2013
(a) Field Name
(b) Data Type
(c) Field Size
(d) Description
Answer: (d) Description field of table is optional, as it depends on database designer that he/she wants to describe field or not.

Q16. A command tab which allows to create the table in an interactive manner is called
(a) Home
(b) Table
(c) Form
(d) Create
Answer: (d) MS-Access provides a command tab named Create which allows to create the table in an interactive manner.

Fill in the Blanks [1 Mark each]

Q1. Microsoft Office Access 2007 includes a set of database ………… which are designed for specific business needs.
Answer: templates

Q2. In a table, columns are called ………. and rows are called ………… .
Answer: fields, records

Q3. The different objects supported by MS-Access are tables, queries, ………… and reports.
Answer: forms

Q4. The ………….. field property makes data entry compulsory, so that the field cannot be left blank.
Answer: Required

Q5. To store object like image, you need to create a field in a table, having field type as …………. .
Answer: OLE Object

Q6. …………. is a field which is used as a primary key and numbers each record sequentially. CBSE 2001
Answer: AutoNumber

Q7. For storing lengthy information in a field ………….. data type is used.
Answer: Memo

Q8. In a Text type data field, we can enter a maximum of ………….. characters. CBSE 2011
Answer: 255

True or False [1 Mark each]

Q1. When you open a database, the Ribbon appears on the left side of the MS-Access 2007 window.
Answer: False Because ribbon appears on the top of the window.

Q2. A Text data type cannot allow number entry.
Answer: False As, it can include both text as well as numbers.

Q3. Memo data type allows you to store character type values in a table. CBSE 2011
Answer: True Memo data type allows upto 65536 characters.

Q4. Memo data type allows you to store only 255 characters in the table.
Answer: False Memo data type is used when character size is more than 255.

Q5. The Datasheet View displays the data in a table in tabular format. CBSE 2011
Answer: True A datasheet is a simple view of data arranged in rows and columns.

Q6. Design View allows users to enter data in the table.
Answer: False Because Design View is used to edit the table design only.

Q7. A query is used to retrieve data from the database based on one or more criteria. This database object is not supported by MS-Access 2007.
Answer: False Because MS-Access 2007 supports the database object query.

Also Read: Java Program to Print Series 7 14 21 28 35 42 …N

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – HTML

November 22, 2022

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – HTML (HyperText Markup Language)

Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark each]

Question 1. HTML is a markup language. Expand the term HTML. CBSE 2002
Answer: HyperText Markup Language.

Question 2. Give examples of a container element in HTML. CBSE 2009
Answer: <HEAD>, <TITLE>, <BODY>.

More Resources for CBSE Class 10

Question 3. Give the examples of an empty element in HTML. CBSE 2010, 09
Answer: <BR>, <HR>

Question 4. Write the extension of HTML code file. CBSE 2005
Answer: .html or .htm

Question 5. What is the method of viewing the source code of the current page in the Web browser?
Answer: Right click on the Web page and then select View Source from the context menu.

Question 6. While writing HTML code, how do you find out how your Web page would look like? CBSE 2007
Answer: For this, open the HTML code file in a Web browser.

Question 7. Write HTML code to set the image ‘Pen. jpg’ stored in ‘My Pictures’ folder in C: as the background of your Web page. CBSE 2007
Answer: The HTML code is <BODY background=“C:\My Pictures \Pen.jpg”>.

Question 8. Identify the error(s) in the following HTML code. Also, write the correct code. CBSE 2008
<BODY color=“red” background =“school.j pg”>
Answer: The error in the code is that in place of color attribute there should be bgcolor.
The correct code is
<BODY bgcolor =“red” background =“school.jpg”>

Question 9. Write one basic difference between bgcolor and background attributes.
Answer: The bgcolor attribute is used for coloring the background of the document while background attribute specifies a background image for a document.

Question 10. Name two common graphic files formats that most browser recognise. CBSE 2007
Answer: The two common graphic file formats are: .gif and .jpg.

Question 11. What is the use of width attribute in HTML? CBSE 2002
Answer: Width attribute specifies the width of a horizontal line in pixels or percent. Its default value is 100%.

Question 12. What do you understand by option alink used with <BODY> tag? CBSE 2010, 04
Answer: alink attribute defines the color of the link as it is being clicked on the Web page. The default color of alink is red.

Question 13. What do you understand by option vlink used with <BODY> tag? CBSE 2005, 04
Answer: vlink attribute defines the color of a link after it has been visited. The default color of vlink attribute is purple.

Question 14. Explain the following statement:
<BODY bgcolor=“yellow” text =“red” vlink=“blue”> AI2010
Answer: The code will set the Web page background color as yellow, text color as red and visited link color as blue.

Question 15. How the font size of a single line on a Web page be changed? CBSE 2005
Answer: The font size of a single line can be changed by using the following HTML code:

<FONT size =+1> This is a HTML text </FONT>.

Question 16. What is the use of <FONT> tag in HTML code? Write any two options used with this tag. CBSE 2002
Answer: The <FONT> tag is used to change the size, color and type face of the text on HTML page. It uses attributes such as size, face etc.

Question 17. Identify the errors and write the correct HTML code CBSE 2011

<BODY background = ‘‘red”>
<FONT type =‘‘arial ”>

Answer:

<BODY bgcolor=“red”>
<FONT face=“arial”>

Question 18. Why do we insert comments in an HTML document, even though they are not displayed on a Web page? CBSE 2005
Answer: So, that user will be able to understand coding effects and meaning.

Question 19. What is the method of using comment line in the HTML code? CBSE 2005, 03
Answer: In HTML code, the comment line is declared as <!–Any text –>

Question 20. Which heading element gives the most prominent headings? CBSE 2007
Answer: <H1>

Question 21. Which tag is used to insert heading of third level on a Web page? CBSE 2007
Answer: <H3>

Question 22. What is the purpose of using the tags <H1>…<H6>? CBSE 2004
or
What is the method of using headings in HTML? CBSE 2004
or
Write the difference between <H1> and <H6> heading tags. CBSE2008
Answer: <HTML> provides six levels of headings. <H1> is the largest heading level while <H6> is the smallest heading level. These headings help us in obtaining a uniform look and feel for the document.

Question 23. How can anyone insert horizontal line in a Webpage? CBSE 2005
Answer: Using <HR> tag, anyone can insert horizontal line in a Web page.

Question 24. How would you display text in the title bar of a browser? CBSE 2005
Answer: To display text in a title bar of a browser, use the <TITLE> tag inside the <HEAD> tag in the HTML document.

 e.g.
 <HTML>
 <HEAD>
 <TITLE> HTML document </TITLE>
 </HEAD>
 </HTML>

Question 25. Explain the following statement:
<HR size=“5” align=”right” width=“60”> CBSE 2004
Answer: The given HTML code produces a horizontal rule with size 5, aligning right on page and of width 60.

Question 26. Write the HTML code to display horizontal line of red color. CBSE 2015
Answer: <HR color = “red”>

Question 27. Write the expansions of the following tags used in HTML. CBSE 2004

<BR>
<I>
<HR>
<U>

Answer:

<BR> — Break line
<I> — Italic
<HR> – Horizontal Rule
<U> — Underline

Question 28. Write the expansions of the following tags used in HTML. CBSE 2003

Answer:

<A> – Anchor tag
<!> – Comment tag

Question 29. Which HTML tag is used to insert an image in a page? Write an option used with this tag. CBSE 2002
Answer: The <IMG> tag is used to insert an image in a page. This tag uses the options like src, alt etc.

Question 30. What do you mean by src? CBSE 2007
Answer: The src is an attribute of <IMG> tag. It gives the URL of the image document.

Question 31. Write the full form of the following tags: CBSE 2008

<LI>
<IMG>

Answer:

<LI>-List item
<IMG>-Image

Question 32. What are the different forms of list used in HTML? Name any two. CBSE 2004
Answer: The different forms of list are ordered list and unordered list.

Question 33. What are two basic tags in HTML lists?
Answer: <OL> and <UL>

Question 34. What does a <LI> create when used in an unordered list?
Answer: <LI> creates bulleted points for each list item.

Question 35. Can you change the style of numbers in an ordered list?
Answer: Yes, we can change the style of numbers in an ordered list.

Question 36. Write the expansions of the following tags. CBSE 2002

<P>
<UL>
<OL>
<B>

Answer:

<P>-Paragraph
<UL>-Unordered list
<0>-Ordered list
<B >-Bold

Question 37. Find error(s) in the following HTML code segment. Rewrite the correct code. CBSE 2007
<UL style = square>
<LI> Water Bottles
<LI> Lunch Box
<LI> Handkerchief
</UL>
Answer: There should be type instead of style. So, correct line is <UL type =“square”>

Short Answer Type Questions [2 & 3 Marks each]

Question 1. What is the purpose of HTML? CBSE 2008
Answer: HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is used to create Web pages and tells the browser how to display them. It designs the basic layout and formatting of Web pages.
HTML is made up of elements or tags and attributes, which work together to identify document parts and tell browser how to display them.

Question 2. What is an attribute in HTML? CBSE 2007
Answer: HTML attribute is a modifier of HTML element. Attributes provide additional information about HTML elements. Attributes are always specified in rhe start tag of an element, after the element’s name. These come in name/value pairs like name=”value”.

Syntax

<TAG name = “val-ue”> (content to be modified by the tag) </TAG>

Where, TAG is the HTML element, name is the name of an attribute, set to the provided value.

Question 3. What is the purpose of using HTML tags and attributes for Web designing? CBSE 2013
Answer: HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is used to create Web pages. It designs the basic layout and formatting of Web pages by using tags and attributes.
The tag’s name tells the tag’s purpose and the attributes that follow the tag name give the additional information of the Web browser.

Question 4. Differentiate between container and empty elements used in HTML. CBSE 2011, 10, 02
or
Distinguish between container and empty tags. CBSE 2007
or
Sriram software solution has used different tags in its Website some are empty while majority are container. Give the detailed difference between container and empty elements. CBSE 2013
Answer:

Container elements HTML container elements require a starting as well as an ending tags.

e-g <HTML>, <HEAD>, <BODY>.

They affect the text appearing between their starting and ending tags.

Empty elements HTML empty elements require just a starting tag and not an ending tag.

e.g.
<IMG> , <BR> , <HR>.

They just carry out the job assigned to them.

Question 5. What is the <TITLE> tag? CBSE 2006
Answer: This tag defines the title of the document. Title must be a simple text and should not be same as the file name. It is placed between <HEAD> and </HEAD> tags.

Question 6. Find the error(s) in the following code and underline those errors.

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Example </HEAD>
</TITLE>
<BODY> ........... </BODY>
</HTML>

Answer:

</TITLE> should be placed before </HEAD>
The correct code is

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Example </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY> </BODY>
</HTML>

Question 7. What is the use of <BODY> tag in HTML code? Write any two attributes used with this tag. CBSE 2010, 03
or
What does <BODY> tag in HTML contain? Write any two attributes used with this tag. CBSE 2008, 03
Answer: The <BODY> tag encloses the main part of the document. It contains all the contents of a document. Various markup elements are allowed within the body to indicate heading, paragraphs, lists, hypertext links, images and so on. The <BODY> tag uses various attributes such as background, bgcolor etc.

Question 8. Which tag do we use to change the size and style (face) of the text of an HTML file viewed on a Web browser? Also, explain any two attributes used with this tag. CBSE 2004
Answer: <FONT> tag is used to change the size and style (face) of the text of an HTML file displayed on a Web browser. Two attributes of <FONT> tag are as follows:

size: It specifies the size of the text inside a <FONT> tag.

Syntax

<F0NT size=“number”>

face: It specifies the font name of the text inside a <FONT> tag.

Syntax

<FONT face=“Font_family”>

Question 9. Write the HTML code to set the bgcolor as pink, heading level 2, text This is pink background’ as black and topmargin 60.
Answer:

<HTML>
<BODY bgcolor = "pink” topmargin=“60” text= “black”>
<H2>This is pink background</H2>
</BODY >
</HTML>

Question 10. List any two types of alignment that can be applied to a paragraph in HTML. CBSE 2008
Answer: Any two types of alignment that can be applied to a paragraph are as follows:

Left alignment: This type of alignment aligns text in left. This is the default alignment.

Syntax

<P align=“left”> </P>

Right alignment: This type of alignment aligns text in right within the paragraph.

Syntax

<P align=“right"> </P>

Question 11. Write the HTML code to create a paragraph whose text color is blue. CBSE 2015
Answer:

<P>
<FONT color=“blue”>
</FONT>
</P> or
</P style = “color : blue”>

Question 12. What is the function of <HR> tag in HTML? Give any two attributes used with it.
or
List any two attributes of <HR> tag. CBSE 2008, 09
Answer: <HR> tag is used to draw horizontal lines in the Web page. This horizontal line divides the screen horizontally. <HR> tag creates a shaded horizontal line between text. Attributes of <HR> tag are size, align and width.

Question 13. Difference between <BR> and <HR> tags.
Answer: <BR> tag is used to insert a line break which means the text/image following the tag will be moved to the next line while <HR> tag is used to insert horizontal line that can divide the information into sections.

Question 14. Explain the following with the help of an example: CBSE 2010

<U>……..</U>
<I>……..</I>

Answer:

<U>……..</U>. This element is used to underline the text.
e.g. <U> School </U>
Output
School
<I>…….</I>. This element marks up text in italic form.
e.g. <I> Hello </I>
Output
Hello

Question 15. How is <OL> tag different from <UL> tag? CBSE 2004
Answer: <OL> tag is used to indicate a list item as contained in an ordered or numbered form. <UL> tag is used to indicate a list item as contained in an unordered or bulleted form.

Question 16. What is the purpose of using type attribute used in lists? CBSE 2003
Answer: type attribute specifies the type of numbers or bullets depending on whether the list item is inside an ordered list or unordered list.

Question 17. What is the purpose of using start attribute used in lists? CBSE 2003
Answer: This attribute is used to change the beginning value of an ordered list. Normally, the ordered list begins with 1. It lets you further customise an HTML ordered list by setting a new starting digit for the ordered list element.

Syntax

e.g.
<HTML> 
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Ordered List with type attribute
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<0L start=‘1" type=“1” >
<LI> Rose </LI>
<LI> Lotus </LI>
<LI> Lily </LI>
</OL>
</B0DY>
</HTML>

Output

Rose
Lotus
Lily

Question 18. What is the output of the following segment of the HTML code? CBSE 2010

<BODY>
<HR width=‘‘50%”>
<UL>
<LI> MANGO </LI>
<LI> APPLE </LI>
<LI> GRAPES </LI>
</UL> </BODY>

Answer:

Output

MANGO
APPLE
GRAPES

Question 19. Explain the following with the help of an example.
(a) <B>……..</B>
(b) <OL type =“1”>
Answer:
(a) <B> tag makes the text bold.
e.g. <B> This is a bold text </B>
Output
This is a bold text

(b) <OL> tag with attribute type of value “1” displays the lists of items with arabic numerals,

e.g.<OL type=“1”>
<LI> Mango </LI>
<LI> Apple </LI>
<LI> Banana </LI>
</OL>

Output
1. Mango 2. Apple 3. Banana

Question 20. What is the <OL>……..</OL> tag? Name any two attributes used with this tag. CBSE 2009
Answer:

<OL>………</OL> tag is used for the ordered list, i.e. a list of items to be displayed in a particular order. An ordered list is also a list of items. An ordered list starts with the <OL> tag. Each list item starts with the <LI> tag.

e.g.
<OL>
<LI> A </LI>
<LI> B </LI>
</OL>

Two attributes of <OL> tag are: start and type.

Question 21. What is definition list?
Answer: Definition List
This is a list of items, with a description of each item. HTML definition lists (<DL>) are indented list without any bullet symbol or any number in front of each item. This list elements have a unique array of tags and elements; the resulting lists are similar to those you would see in a dictionary.

Tags used in definition lists are as follows:

<DL> Opening tag that detines the start of the list.
<DT> List item that defines the definition term.
<DD> Definition of the list item.
</DL> Closing tag that defines the end of the list.

Question 22. Identify error(s) in the following HTML code. Also, write the correct code. CBSE 2008

<OL> type=“a” start=“d”>

Answer:

<OL> tag’s attributes should be placed in between <and>. In <OL> list, the start attribute must be set to a numeric value and type attribute specifies ‘A’, ‘a’, T ‘i’ or ‘1’. So, the correct code is

<OL type=“a” start="4”>

Question 23. Write a code to produce the following output.

Answer:

<HTML><BODY>
<DL><DT><B>Computer</B>
<DD>An electronic machine
<DT><B>CPU</B>
<DD> Brain of computer </DL> 
</BODY></HTML>

Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks each]

Question 1. What are the role of <HTML>……….</HTML> tags in HTML? CBSE 2009
The <HTML> and </HTML> tags are used to mark the beginning and end of the HTML document. The basic purpose of this tag is to make the browser and text editor identify that the document is an HTML document.This is a container element and does not affect the appearance of the document. The <HTML> element contains only the <HEAD> and <BODY> elements, which in turn contains a number of other elements.
The most basic structure of all possible Web documents is
<HTML>
……………
…………..
…………..
</HTML>
Answer:

Question 2. Explain the tag < HEAD > CBSE 2006
Answer: <HEAD> Tag
This element is a container for all the header elements. The <HEAD> tag must include a title for the document that can include scripts, styles, meta information and many more. The second line of your HTML document should be <HEAD>.

The content contained in the head section of your document provides information to the browsers and search engines but, it is not displayed directly on the Web page. The end of the head tag is indicated by </HEAD>.

e.g.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
Header information comes here
</HEAD>
</HTML>

Question 3. Distinguish between <BASEFONT> tag and <FONT> tag with the help of an example of each. CBSE 2009, 08
Answer:

<BASEFONT> tag is used to specify the default setting of the text. It takes the same attributes as <FONT> tag. The only difference is that the <BASEFONT> tag affects all the text that follows until a new tag affect that is encountered. <FONT> tag affects the text that comes upto its closing </FONT> tag.

e.g.
<HTML>
<BODY>
<BASEFONT size=“2” color=“Red">
Hi Everyone
<FONT size=“4”>
HTML is a Web language </FONT>
It is used for creating Web pages.
</BODY>
</HTML>

Here, in the above example only the text enclosed in <FONT> </FONT> is affected by font setting, rest of the text gets affected by basefont setting.

Question 4. What is a <BASEFONT> tag? Name any two attributes used with this tag. CBSE 2009
Answer: <BASEFONT> tag specifies a default font size, color and face for the font, the browser will use to render normal document text, i.e. the text, for which no other font setting has been provided. It occurs only for one time in the document. The attributes of this tag are size and face.

Question 5. Where can a comment be placed in an HTML document? How is it useful? CBSE 2008
or
How do you give a comment in HTML?
or
Why are comment included in HTML document? With the help of an example, explain how they are included in HTML code?
or
How are comments inserted in HTML code? Explain with an example. CBSE 2007, 06, 05
Answer: Comments are inserted in HTML code with the help of <!—….—> tag. To insert the text as comment, type the text between <!– and —> tag, then that text will be ignored by the browser and invisible for the user.

e.g.
<HTML><BODY>
<!--This is a comment.-->
This is a book
</BODY><HTML>

Question 6. Identify which one is an attribute or a tag?

Body
Type
Br
Link
Face

Answer:

Body – Tag
Type – Attribute
Br – Tag
Link – Attribute
Face – Attribute

Question 7. Carefully study the Web page given here. Identify 10 tags (Structural as well as formatting tags) that have been utilised in creating this Web page and write usage of each of them. CBSE 2013

Answer:

<HTML>……….</HTML> It encloses the entire HTML document and tells the browser that it is reading an HTML document and to display as such.
<HEAD>………</HEAD> It encloses the head of the HTML document and it is used to contain face information about the document.
<TITLE>…..</TITLE> It indicates the title of the document and appears in a browser’s bookmark file.
<BODY>……</BODY> It is used to enclose the body (text, images, tags, links) of the HTML document.
<H1>………</H1> It is used to define the heading level 1.
<UL>…….</UL> It is used to create an unordered list.
<LI>…..</LI> It is used to define each list item in the list.
<U>…..</U> It is used to underline the text.
<HR> It is used to insert a horizontal line.
<CENTER>….. </CENTER> This tag is used to align the text centrally.

Question 8. Explain the topmargin and leftmargin attributes of <BODY> tag. CBSE 2006
Answer:

topmargin
Sets a topmargin (distance between the top of the document and the top of the browser window) of your body element.
Syntax
<B0DY topmargin=“value”>

e.g.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Topmargin </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY topmargin=“65”>
LearCBSE is the best website for CBSE students.
</BODY>
</HTML>

Output

leftmargin
Sets a left hand margin (distance between the left side of the document and the left edge of the browser window) of your body element.
Syntax
<BODY 1eftmargin=“value”>

e.g. 
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Leftmargin </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY 1eftmargin=“65”>
LearCBSE is the best website for CBSE students.
</BODY>
</HTML>

Question 9. Write HTML code to display various bullet types.
Answer:

<LI>Lotus</LI>
<LI>Rose</LI>
</UL>
<UL type = “square”>
<LI>Sun</LI>
<LI>Hoon</LI>
</UL>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Output

Question 10. Distinguish between <P> tag and <BR> tag with the help of an example. CBSE 2005
Answer: Distinguishing between <P> tag and <BR> tag are as follows:

<P> tag	<BR> tag
It is a container element.	It is an empty element.
It is used to define a paragraph of the text on the Web page.	It is used to insert line break.
It inserts line break with extra space in the beginning.	It does not insert any extra space.
This tag has an attribute align.	This tag has no attribute.
e.g. <HTML> <BODY> <P> This ts a paragraph.</P> </BODY> </HTML>	e.g. <HTML> <BODY> This is a 1 ine break <BR> into the Web document. </BODY> </HTML>

Question 11. Give HTML code for the following output

Answer:

<HTML>
<BODY>
<UL type="disc”><B>Mazedar Restaurant
</B><LI><B>Appetizers</B>
<OL type =“i”>
<LI> Veg spring rol1s
<LI> Honey chilly
</OL>
<LI><B>Soups</B>
<UL type = “square”>
<LI> Veg hot and Sour soup </UL> <OL type = “a”>
<LI> North India <LI> South India <OL type = “1”>
< LI > I d 1 i e s <LI> Dosa
</OL> 
</OL>
</UL></BODY>
</HTHL>

Question 12. Write HTML code to display ordered lists.
Answer:

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Many Ordered List</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<I>Numbered list</I>
<OL>
<LI>Sun</LI>
<LI>Moon</LI>
</OL>
<I>Letters 1is t </1 >
<OL type = “A”>
<LI>Sun</LI>
<LI>Moon</LI>
</OL>
<I>Lowercase letters starting from 3rd 1etter</I>
<OL type = “1” start = "1”>
<LI>Sun</LI>
<LI>Moon</LI>
</OL>
<I>Roman numbers</I>
<01 type=“l”>
<LI>Sun</LI>
<LI>Moon</LI>
</OL>
<I>Lowercase roman number list starting from 5th number</I>
<OL type = “1”>
<LI>Sun</LI>
<LI>Moon</LI>
</OL>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Output

Multiple Choice Questions [1 Mark each]

Q1. HTML is a CBSE2011
(a) package
(b) software
(c) markup language
(d) None of these
Answer: (c) HTML is a markup language which is used to define the layout and attributes of WWW document.

Q2. HTML tags are enclosed in
(a) curly brackets
(b) square brackets
(c) double quotes
(d) angular brackets
Answer: (d) HTML tags are enclosed within angular brackets (< and >).

Q3. Which of the following tag identifies the document as an HTML document?
(a) <HTML>
(b) <HEAD>
(c) <BODY>
(d) <P>
Answer: (a) tag identifies the document as an HTML document.

Q4. Container elements in HTML require CBSE 2015
(a) starting tag
(b) ending tag
(c) starting and ending tags
(d) None of the above
Answer: (c) In HTML, container elements are required as both starting and ending tags.

Q5. HTML tags are
(a) in uppercase
(b) case sensitive
(c) in lowercase
(d) not case sensitive
Answer: (d) HTML tags are not case sensitive means we can write tags either in uppercase or lowercase.

Q6. Which type of tags used by HTML?
(a) tags only for image
(b) user defined tags
(c) tags only for linking
(d) fixed tags defined by the language
Answer: (d) HTML provides predefined and fixed tags.

Q7. Which program do you need to write HTML code?
(a) Spreadsheet
(b) Access
(c) Notepad
(d) None of these
Answer: (c) From the given options, Notepad is useful program to write HTML code.

Q8. An example of HTML editor is
(a) Notepad
(b) Dreamweaver
(c) Microsoft Frontpage
(d) All of these
Answer: (d) HTML provides various text editors like Notepad, Dreamweaver etc.

Q9. To create an HTML page, you need
(a) text editor
(b) Web browser
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
Answer: (c) Because text editor is required to write HTML code and Web browser is needed to display the page.

Q10. Which of the following is the correct code of HTML page?

(a) <HTML>
<TITLE> Hello
</TITLE>
</HTML>

(b) <HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Hello
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
</HTML>

(c) <HTML>
<BODY> Hello
</HTML>

(d) <HTML><HEAD> Hello
<BODY>
</HTML>

Answer: (b) Because <TITLE> tag must close inside the <HEAD> tag.

Q11. Tags and text that do not display directly on the page afe placed in
(a) body
(b) table
(c) head
(d) title
Answer: (c) Information in <HEAD> tag is not displayed directly in Web page. It is used to identify the matter (tags) used in a Web page.

Q12. A Web page normally consists of
(a) head and body
(b) top and bottom
(c) body and font
(d) body and title
Answer: (a) From the given options, a Web page normally consists of head and body.

Q13. Which section is used for text and tags that are shown directly on your Web pages?
(a) Meta
(b) Head
(c) Body
(d) Table
Answer: (c) Information in <BODY> tag is directly displayed on Web pages.

Q14. Where do you place the <TITLE> tag in a HTML?
(a) BODY
(b) HEAD
(c) TITLE
(d) FONT

Answer: (b) <TITLE> tag is placed in the <HEAD> tag.

Q15. Which attribute is not supported by a <BODY> tag? CBSE 2013
(a) bgcolor
(b) size
(c) text
(d) link
Answer: (b) size is not an attribute of <BODY> tag.

Q16. What will happen if the background image is smaller than the browser’s window?
(a) It will leave a blank space at the bottom of your page
(b) It will be repeated
(c) It will be stretched
(d) It will not be displayed
Answer: (b) When the background image is smaller than the browser’s window then it will be shown in boxes in repeated pattern.

Q17. Why should you specify a background color, if you are using an image for the actual background of your page?
(a) So the text shows up better
(b) The background color will be shown until the image loads
(c) In case the image does not fit right
(d) None of the above
Answer: (b) We have to use background color because if in any case image is not displayed then atleast background color will be shown on that place.

Q18. Which attribute of <BODY> tag specifies the color of visited links in a document?
(a) vlink
(b) alink
(c) link
(d) None of these
Answer: (a) vlink attribute specifies the color of visited links in a HTML document.

Q19. Choose the correct HTML tag for the largest heading.
(a) <H2>
(b) <H4>
(c) <H6>
(d) <H1>
Answer:(d) <H1> tag provides the largest heading in HTML.

Q20. Which of the following will give smallest size of the text? CBSE 2014
(a) <H3>
(b) <H6>
(c) <H2>
(d) <H4>
Answer: (b) From the given options, <H6> tag displays the smallest size of heading text.

Q21. In a Web page, you can place
(a) 2 levels of headings
(b) 6 levels of headings
(c) 4 levels of headings
(d) 7 levels of headings
Answer: (b) Web page provides six levels of headings.

Q22. The default alignment for paragraph is
(a) left
(b) right
(c) center
(d) justified
Answer: (a) The align attribute of <P> tag provides various alignments like left, right, center and justify. But by default, its alignment is left.

Q23. Which of the following HTML container tags do you apply to text for formatting the text as a paragraph?
(a) <PARAGRAPH> ……. c/PARAGRAPH>
(b) <PARA> ………. </PARA>
(c) <P> ……… </P>
(d) None of the above
Answer: (c) <P>…….</P> is a container tag, which is used for formatting text.

Q24. Which of the following is not a container element? CBSE 2013
(a) P
(b) B
(c) OL
(d) HR
Answer: (d) HR is an empty tag because it has no closing tag.

Q25. The style element holds the document for setting
(a) font, color and alignment
(b) font, color, alignment and border
(c) color, alignment and border
(d) None of the above
Answer: (b) Because they are used to give a better look and feel to the Web documents.

Q26. The tags used for specifying the style in HTML are
(i) <B> (ii) <I> (iii) <M> (iv) <L>
Choose the correct one
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iv)
(d) (i), (ii) and (iii)
Answer: (a) Because these two tags are text formatting/styling tags.

Q27. Which of the following tag is used to make a list that lists the items with numbers?
(a) <DL>
(b) <UL>
(c) <OL>
(d) None of these
Answer: (c) <OL> is the ordered list that starts with a number like 1, A, a, i and I etc.

Q28. Which of the following is not HTML list? CBSE 2013
(a) Ordered
(b) Unordered
(c) Definition
(d) Detailed
Answer: (d) Detailed list is not a type of HTML list.

Q29. In an unordered list, it is necessary to enclose each item in CBSE 2013
(a) <LI> tag
(b) <UL> tag
(c) <I> tag
(d) <OL> tag
Answer: (a) Each item must be enclosed in <LI> tag either in ordered list or unordered list.

Q30. Which option do you have while making bulleted lists?
(a) Disc, circle, square
(b) Square, polygon
(c) Disc, circle, rectangle
(d) Disc, oval, polygon
Answer: (a) Bulleted list provides various values like disc, circle and square.

Q31. Which one of the following list type that will create a bulleted list? CBSE 2014
(a) Unordered
(b) Ordered
(c) Definition
(d) All of these
Answer: (a) Unordered list provides various types of bullets like square, disc and circle.

Q32. Which of the following will produce a solid circle bullet when given as value of type with <UL>?
(a) Circle
(b) Disc
(c) Square
(d) Rectangle
Answer: (b) A solid circle bullet use the type disc.

Q33. To create a square bulleted list, use
(a) <UL type=”circle”>
(b) <OL type= “square”>
(c) <ULtype=”square”>
(d) <UL start= “square”>
Answer: (c) Square bulleted list is the part of unordered list.

Q34. In an ordered list, each item cannot be preceded with CBSE 2013
(a) Counting numbers
(b) Arabic numbers
(c) Roman numerals
(d) Bullets
Answer: (d) In unordered list, bullets are used while counting numbers, arabic numbers and roman numbers are used in an ordered list.

Q35. To create a numbered list with A, B, … use
(a) <OL type=”A”>
(b) <OL start=”A”>
(c) <OL begin=”A”>
(d) <OL starts=“a”>
Answer: (a) The given list uses the uppercase letter for each item so, the correct syntax is <OL type=“A”>

Q36. To start a list with number 3, we should write CBSE 2015
(a) <OL start=”3″>
(b) <OLtype=”3″>
(c) <OL value=”3″>
(d) All of these
Answer: (a) The correct syntax for start a list with number 3 is <OL start = “3”>.

Q37. To start a list using circles, use
(a) <UL type=”round”>
(b) <OL start=”l”>
(c) <UL =”circle”>
(d) <UL type =”circle”>
Answer: (d) Because circular list starts with unordered list type circle.

Q38. To start a numbered list with regular numerals, use
(a) <OL type=”A”>
(b) <OL type=”r”>
(c) <OL type=”r”>
(d) <OL type=”u”>
Answer: (b) Because regular numbering is the natural numbers starting from 1, 2, 3, … etc.

Q39. If you want to make a list of items in the form of terms and their descriptions, then you can create a …………. list.
(a) ordered
(b) unordered
(c) definition
(d) nested
Answer: (c) A definition list is a list of items, with a description of each item.

Fill in the Blanks [1 Mark each]

Q1. HTML is a subset of ……… .
Answer: SGML

Q2. An element that only has a starting tag and no ending tag is ………….. element.
Answer: empty tag

Q3. The tag that requires a opening as well as closing tag is called ………. .
Answer: container tag

Q4. The attribute topmargin sets a margin alongwith the top of your ………… element.
Answer: BODY

Q5. ………. attribute of BODY tag helps to set background color.
Answer: bgcolor

Q6. The ………… tag is used to define basic font size for the HTML page.
Answer: <BASEFONT>

Q7. The ……….. tag is used to make the Web browser ignore anything that the tag contains.
Answer: <!–…..–>

Q8. ……….. tag is used to bring the text to new line. CBSE 2014
Answer: <BR>

Q9. HR tag is used for ……….. CBSE 2014
Answer: horizontal line

Q10. …….. and ……… tags break the line flow.
Answer: <BR>, <HR>

Q11. ………… attribute of <HR> tag specifies the width of a horizontal line.
Answer: width

Q12. ……… tag is used to make the text bold.
Answer: <B>

Q13. <LI> tag is an ………… element tag.
Answer: empty

Q14. To display the text in italics, ………. tag is used and to display in type writer font, ……… tag is used. CBSE 2013
Answer: <I>, <TT>

Q15. ………… tag is used to underline the text.
Answer: <U>

Q16. …………. tag creates a bulleted list. CBSE 2015
Answer: <UL>

Q17. noshade is an attribute of …………. tag.
Answer: <HR>

Q18. The unordered list starts with ………….. tag.
Answer: <UL>

Q19. ……..value of type attribute displays a hollow circle for an unordered lists.
Answer: Circle

Q20. If you want to display uppercase alphabets instead of numbers, ………… ordered type should you use.
Answer: A

True or False [1 Mark each]

Q1. HTML is a case sensitive Web language.
Answer: False No, you can write your text in both uppercase and lowercase.

Q2. HTML is a programming language CBSE 2015
Answer: False Because it is a markup language.

Q3. <Head> tag is used to define document body.
Answer: False <HEAD> tag is used to define the document head.

Q4. <TITLE> tag is one of the structural tags of HTML document. CBSE 2015
Answer: True HTML provides four structural tags, these are as follows:
<HTML>, <HEAD>, <TITLE>, <BODY>.

Q5. There should be only one <BODY> tag in each Web page. CBSE 2014
Answer: True A Web page contains necessarily one <HEAD> tag and one <BODY> tag.

Q6. All HTML document contains only <BODY> tag.
Answer: False All HTML document contains various tags.

Q7. bgcolor is an attribute of <FONT> tag.
Answer: False It is an attribute of <BODY> tag.

Q8. background attribute is used to display image.
Answer: True It is an attribute of <BODY> tag used to display background image.

Q9. topmargin is used to specify the distance between the top of the document and top of the browser window.
Answer: True topmargin is an attribute of <BODY> tag, which is used to specify the distance between the top of the document and top of the browser window.

Q10. color is an attribute of <FONT> tag.
Answer: True It defines color of the text.

Recommended Reading On: HTML MCQ Questions for Class 10 with Answers

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – Database Concepts

May 30, 2022

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – Database Concepts

Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark each]

Question 1. What is database? Give example. CBSE 2010
Answer: A collection of related information organised as tables is known as database, e.g. INGRES, MySQL etc.

Question 2. Write the purpose of DBMS. CBSE 2007
Answer: DBMS is used to store logically related information at a centralised location. It facilitates data sharing among all the applications requiring it.

More Resources for CBSE Class 10

Question 3. Write the relationship between a database and a table. CBSE 2008
Answer: A database contains multiple tables whereas, a table cannot exist outside a database.

Question 4. Give any one use of database. CBSE 2003
Answer: A database is used to store logically related information in table.

Question 5. What is field in database? Give an example.
Answer: A field is an area, reserved for a specific piece of data. It is also known as attribute, e.g. Customer_Name.

Question 6. Define the term DBMS. CBSE 2010
Answer: The full form of DBMS is Database Management System. It is a computer based record keeping system.

Question 7. State the primary goal of a DBMS.
Answer: To provide a convenient and efficient environment in which we can store and retrieve information.

Question 8. Write any two uses of database management system. CBSE 2007
Answer:

DBMS is used to store data at a centralised location.
It is used to minimise data redundancy and data inconsistency.

Question 9. Give any two disadvantages of the database.
Answer:

High complexity
Database failure

Question 10. Write any two advantages of using database.
Answer:

Can ensure data security.
Reduces the data redundancy.

Question 11. What is a primary key? CBSE 2003
Or
Define primary key with an example. CBSE 2005
Or
What is primary key? Give an example. CBSE 2007
Or
What is a primary key in database? Give an example. CBSE 2010
Answer: A field which uniquely identifies each record in a table is known as primary key. e.g. empld is the primary key of the Employee table.

Question 12. Give one advantage of using primary key.
Answer: A primary key uniquely identifies the record in the table.

Question 13. What is the significance of a primary key?
Answer: A primary key cannot allow null values and must have a unique index.

Question 14. Name two possible primary keys for an Employee table. CBSE 2007
Answer: Possible primary keys for an Employee table are empcode, empphonenumber.

Question 15. Write the significance of a foreign key.
Answer: A foreign key is used to Establish relationship between any two tables of RDBMS.

Question 16. What is the default extension of OO.o not zero BASE database? CBSE 2005
Answer: The default extension of OO.o BASE database is .odb.

Short Answer Type Questions [2 & 3 Marks each]

Question 1. What are the main purposes of a database system?
Answer:

Storage of information.
Retrieval of information quickly.
Sorting, selecting data that satisfies certain criteria (filtering).
Produce the report in some standardised and readable format.

Question 2. How are fields, record and a table related to each other? Explain with the help of an example. CBSE 2007
Answer: Fields are one type of information. A record contains logically related fields. A table Emp name contains logically related records.

EmpNo	Name	Salary
1.	Shridhar	20000
2.	Raghav	40000

Here EmpNo, Name and Salary are three different fields. 1, Shridhar, 20000 represents one complete record.

Question 3. What is the difference between ‘Rows’ and ‘Columns’ in a table? CBSE 2002
Answer: In a table, rows are called records and columns are termed as fields. A row stores complete information of a record whereas column stores only similar data values for all records.

Question 4. Distinguish between data and information. CBSE 2007
Answer: Distinguish between data and information are as follows:

Data	Information
It is a raw facts.	It is a process form of data.
It considers facts symbols, images for reference or analysis.	It considers knowledge derived from study, experience or instruction.
e.g. 23 is a data.	e.g. age = 23 is information.

Question 5. Define query in the context of database.
Answer: A query is an inquiry into the database using the SELECT statement.These statements give you filtered data according to your conditions and specifications indicating the fields, records and summaries which a user wants to fetch from a database.

Question 6. Define forms and what is the need of using them? CBSE 2006
Answer: In a database, a form is a window or a screen that contains numerous fields or spaces to enter data. Forms can be used to view and edit your data. It is an interface in user specified layout.
e.g. a user can create a data entry form that looks exactly like a paper form. People generally prefer to enter data into a well-designed form, rather than a table.

Question 7. What do you understand by report?
Answer: When you want to print those records which are fetched from your database, design a report. It is an effective way to present data in a printed format. It allows you to represent data retrieved from one or more tables, so that it can be analysed.

Question 8. What do you mean by DBMS? CBSE 2004
Answer: It is a collection of programs that enables users to create, maintain database and control all the access to the database. It is a computer based record keeping system. DBMS is a software package that manages database, e.g. MySQL, INGRES, MS-ACCESS etc.
DBMS is actually a tool that is used to perform any kind of operation on data in database.

Question 9. Define RDBMS.
Answer: RDBMS is a type of DataBase Management System that stores data in the form of relations (tables). Relational databases are powerful, so they require few assumptions about how data is related or how, it will be extracted from the database.

Question 10. A table named School (containing data of students of the whole school) is created, where each record consists of several fields including AdmissionNo (Admission Number), RollNo (Roll Number), Name. Which field out of these three should be set as the primary key and why? CBSE 2007
Answer: AdmissionNo should be set as primary key because admission numbers are unique for each and every students of the school, which is not possible in the case with RollNo and Name.

Question 11. What is the utility of primary key in database? Write distinct features of primary keys. CBSE 2013
Answer: Primary key is used to uniquely identify the record in a database. It can be a column or a set of columns in the table. Main features of primary key are as follows:

It must contain a unique value for each record of table.
It does not contain null values.

Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks each]

Question 1. Discuss the components of a database.
Answer: A database consists of several components. Each component plays an important role in the database system environment.
The major components of database are as follows:

Data
It is raw numbers, characters or facts represented by value. Most of the organisations generate, store and process large amount of data. The data acts as a bridge between the hardware and the software. Data may be of different types such as User data, Metadata and Application Metadata.
Software
It is a set of programs that lies between the stored data and the users of database. It is used to control and manage the overall computerised database. It uses different types of software such as MySQL, Oracle etc.
Hardware
It is the physical aspect of computer, telecommunication and database, which consists of the secondary storage devices such as magnetic disks, optical discs etc., on which data is stored.
Users
It is the person, who needs information from the database to carry out its primary business responsibilities.

The various types of users which can access the database system are as follows:

Database Administrator (DBA)
A person, who is responsible for managing or establishing policies for the maintenance and handling the overall database management system is called DBA.
Application Programmers
The people, who write application programs in programming languages to interact and manipulate the database are called application programmers.
End-user
A person, who interacts with the database system to perform different operations on the database like inserting, deleting etc., through menus or forms.

Question 2. Define database management system. Write two advantages of using database management system for school. CBSE 2007,05, 04
Answer: DataBase Management System (DBMS) is a collection of programs that enable users to create, maintain database and control all the access to the database. The primary goal of the DBMS is to provide an environment that is both convenient and efficient for user to retrieve and store information.

The advantages of using DBMS for school are as follows:

In school, DBMS is used to store the data about students, teachers and any other related thing at a centralised location.
It provides security to the personal information of the school, stored in it.

Question 3. Distinguish between a record and a field in a table, with an example. CBSE 2007,05
Answer: Distinguish between a record and a field in a table are as follows:

Record	Field
It is a collection of data items, which represent a complete unit of information about a thing or a person.	It is an area within the record reserved for a specific piece of data.
A record refers to a row in the table.	A field refers to a column in the table.
Record is also known as tuple.	Field is also known as attribute.
e.g. if Employee is a table, then entire information of an employee is called a record.	e.g. if Empolyee is a table, then empld, empName, department, salary are the fields.

Question 4. Write the steps to design a database.
Answer: Steps to Design a Database
There are various steps to design a database which are as follows:

Step 1 Determine the purpose of your database The first step of designing a database is to determine the purpose and mechanism to design and use it.
Step 2 Determine the tables Tables are one of the most important elements of a database, consist of rows and columns. To create a well-defined database, you have to keep some conditions which are as follows:
- A table should not contain duplicate information.
- Each table should contain information about one subject.
  e.g. One table is used to contain the personal information of the students and the other is used to contain the marks scored by the student.
Step 3 Determine the fields After creating a table, you need to decide the type and number of fields required for the tables in your database. Each field in a table contains individual facts about the table’s subject.
e.g. A customer table may include company name, address, city, state and phone number fields.
Step 4 Identify the primary key in a table From the fields of table, you need to identify a primary key which uniquely identifies each individual record of the table. The primary key helps you to reduce data duplication in the table.
Step 5 Determine the relationship between tables In this step, you need to determine relationship between two or more tables in your database. You can set-up a relationship between tables on the basis of common field between them. Establishing a relationship allows you to fetch any information from both the tables.
Step 6 Refine the design After you have designed the tables, fields and relationships, its time to study the design and detect any faults that might remain.
Step 7 Enter data and create other database objects When you are satisfied that the database structure meets the goals you needed, add all your existing data to the tables.

Application Oriented Questions

Question 1. Consider the following table

Which of the above field can be selected as a primary key?
EmpName field also has unique values for all the records. Can it be made primary key? Give answer with reason.

Answer:

EmpNo can be selected as a primary key.
EmpName is having unique values, but there is no guarantee that if more employees are included then there would not be multiple people with similar names.
So, in future its values may be duplicate. Thus, it cannot be made as a primary key.

Question 2. Sanchita is working for a nationalised bank and is in the process of creating a table to store the details of customers of the bank.
Find out, which of the following fields of table Bank can be selected as primary key, candidate key and alternate key? CBSE 2011
Account No, Customer Name, Date of Birth, PAN Number, Opening Balance
Answer:
Primary key AccountNo
Candidate key AccountNo and PAN Number
Alternate key PAN Number

Question 3. Consider the following database Student

The marks obtained by the student with RollNo. 1101 is?
What is the name of the student, who has got the highest marks and what is the amount of scholarship awarded to him/her?
How many records are there in the table?
How many fields are there in the table?

Answer:

95.4
Mohan Garg and scholarship awarded is 50000.
5
6

Question 4. The director of a company uses a database to store data about job title. This is a part of the database given below

How many records are there in this part of the database?
How many fields are there in this part of the database?
What is the job title of the employee with Payroll Number M421?
Which department has maximum employees and what are their Payroll Numbers?

Answer:

6
6
Secretary
Finance department and their Payroll Numbers are A621 and M502.

Question 5. Identify the columns out of the given three, which should not be present in each of the following tables:

Answer: (i) DateofBirth (ii) Admno (iii) Phonenumber

Multiple Choice Questions [1 Mark each]

Q1. Facilities offered by databases are
(a) The ability to store a large amount of data in a structured format, easy update, sort query, production of reports.
(b) Easy editing, spell check, perform calculations, library of mathematical functions, replication.
(c) The ability to rotate images, copy and paste, fill scale.
(d) None of the above
Answer: (a) Databases have ability to store a large amount of data in structured format, easy update, sort query, production of reports.

Q2. Which of the following is not an example of database? CBSE2011
(a) Cross knot game
(b) Employee payroll management
(c) Numeric calculator
(d) Customer management system
Answer: (c) Numeric calculator because it is used to calculate the numeric numbers only as it is unable to store data.

Q3. Database is a combination of CBSE 2011
(a) hardware and software
(b) hardware and operating system
(c) software and operating system
(d) utility programs
Answer: (a) A database consists of several components. These are data, software, hardware and user.

Q4. Operations performed on a database are controlled by
(a) user
(b) hardware
(c) DBMS
(d) RDBMS
Answer: (a) Users are those persons, who need the information from the database to perform operations.

Q5. Database is made up of all the following components except
(a) tables
(b) queries
(c) forms
(d) formula bar
Answer: (d) Database is made up of tables, queries and forms.

Q6. Data is stored in RDBMS in the form of
(a) table
(b) query
(c) report
(d) record
Answer: (a) Relational Database Management System stores data in the form of relation. As we know, relations are known as table.

Q7. Out of the following, which one is the most appropriate data field in context of employee table, if only one of these is required? CBSE 2011
(a) Age in years
(b) Date of birth
(c) Age in days
(d) Age in months
Answer: (b) Date of birth is the most appropriate data field in context of employee table.

Q8. All the information about a thing or a person is known as a
(a) database
(b) file
(c) field
(d) record
Answer: (d) A record refers to a raw of data, which represents a complete set of information in a table.

Q9. Which of the following is not the main building block of a database?
(a) Lists
(b) Queries
(c) Reports
(d) Forms
Answer: (a) The main building blocks of database are tables, queries, forms and reports.

Q10. Which of the following best describes a form? CBSE 2013
(a) Form enables people to enter or view data in a database easily
(b) Form summarises and prints data
(c) A form filters data from a database based on a criteria
(d) All of the above
Answer: (a) Form enables people to enter or view data in a database easily.

Q11. DBMS is a program that controls the creation, maintenance and use of database. Here, DBMS referred to
(a) Digital Base Management System
(b) Data Build Management System
(c) DataBase Management System
(d) DataBase Management Service
Answer: (c) Here, DBMS stands for Database Management System.

Q12. Computer based record keeping system is known as
(a) Data Manipulation System
(b) Computerised Data System
(c) Computerised Record keeping system
(d) DBMS
Answer: (d) DBMS is a collection of programs that enable user to create and maintain database. Also, it is a computer based record keeping system.

Q13. RDBMS provides relational operators to manipulate the data. Here, RDBMS refers to
(a) Record Database Management System
(b) Relational Database Management System
(c) Reference Database Management System
(d) None of the above
Answer: (b) RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System, which provides operator to manipulate the data stored into the database table.

Q14. A database that contains tables linked by common fields is called a
(a) Centralised database
(b) Flat file database
(c) Relational database
(d) None of these
Answer: (c) Relational database stores data in the form of tables which are linked by common fields.

Q15. Duplication of data is known as CBSE 2013
(a) data security
(b) data incomplete
(c) data redundancy
(d) None of these
Answer: (c) Data redundancy means duplication of data. It eliminates replication of data item into different files from a large database.

Q16. Which of the following fields will not make a suitable primary key? CBSE 2011
(a) A customer’s account number
(b) A date field
(c) An auto number field
(d) A student’s admission number
Answer: (b) From the given options, data field can not be set as a primary key because it can’t be fixed for an object.

Q17. Key field is a unique identifier for each record. It is defined in the form of
(a) rows
(b) columns
(c) tree
(d) query
Answer: (b) Key is a data item that allows you to uniquely identify individual occurrences which is defined as the column or set of columns.

Fill in the Blanks [1 Mark each]

Q1. ………….. is a collection of related information. CBSE 2011
Answer: Database

Q2. In database, all the data are stored at a ……………. location.
Answer: centralised

Q3. Table is also known as ………… .
Answer: relation

Q4. A field in a table is also called as ………………… .
Answer: column

Q5. ………….. is the smallest part of a table in which one data item can be kept. CBSE 2011
Answer: Field

Q6. A set of related data item is called as ……………. .
Answer: record

Q7. The database is managed by a software package known as …………….. .
Answer: DBMS

Q8. Primary key is used to …………….. identify the record
Answer: uniquely

Q9. A foreign key is a reference of the ………….. key in another table.
Answer: primary

Q10. The candidate key, which is not used as primary key is called ………….. key.
Answer: alternate

True or False [1 Mark each]

Q1. Database is the collection of logically non-related data.
Answer: False A database is the collection of integrated and logically related data.

Q2. A relationship cannot be created with the help of a table.
Answer: False A relationship is a connection between two tables of data.

Q3. Field contains set of characters.
Answer: True It is the individual sub-component of one record. It contains set of characters, which have a proper meaning.

Q4. A report allows you to represent data retrieved from one or more tables so that, it can be analysed and printed if required.
Answer: True When you want to print those records which are fetched from your database then, reports are more useful for this purpose.

Q5. If a piece of data (field value) is stored in two places in the database, then storage space is wasted and changing the data in one place will not cause data inconsistency. CBSE 2011
Answer: False If a piece of data is stored in two places in the database, then storage space is wasted and changing the data in one spot will cause data inconsistency.

Q6. A database can have only one table. CBSE 2011
Answer: False No, database does not have a limit on number of tables. It depends on the disk space.

Q7. Primary key field gives us permission to record duplicate entry.
Answer: False A primary key is a key which identifies records uniquely in a table so it does not give us permission to record duplicate entry.

Q8. A primary key field does not allow numbers.
Answer: False Primary key has to identify a unique value which can be present in a table, in a number form also. It means, primary key field allow number too.

Q9. A primary key value can be NULL.
Answer: False The primary key of table is used to uniquely identify each and every row in the table. So, its all keys and columns must be defined as NOT NULL.

Q10. A table can have multiple primary keys. CBSE 2013
Answer: False If we create multiple primary keys in a table, then primary key will be unable to find the unique key value.

Q11. A foreign key is a primary key in another table.
Answer: True When a table’s primary key field is added to a related table in order to create the common field which relates two tables, it is called a foreign key in the related table.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – Working with Tables in HTML

May 30, 2022

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – Working with Tables in HTML

Multiple Choice Questions [1 Mark each]

Question 1.
Which of these tags belong to table? CBSE 2016
(a) <thead>,<body>,<tr>
(b) <table>,<head>,<tfoot>
(c) <table>,<tr>,<td>
(d) <table>,<tr>,<tt>
Answer: (c),<table>,<tr>, <td> tags are used with table.

Question 2.
Which of the following tags gives a caption to the table?
(a) < caption >
(b) < summary >
(c) < frame >
(d) None of these
Answer:(a) <caption> tag is used to give caption to the table.

More Resources for CBSE Class 10

Question 3.
Which of the following is used to specify the beginning of a table’s row?
(a) <table>
(b) <tr>
(c) <row>
(d) <begin>
Answer:(b) <tr> tag indicates the beginning of a table’s row.

Question 4.
HTML tag for row is
(a) <colspan>
(b) <tr>
(c) <rowspan>
(d) <td>
Answer: (b) HTML tag for row is <tr>.

Question 5.
Which tag is used to add columns in the tables?
(a) <colspan>
(b) <td>
(c) <tr>
(d) None of these
Answer: (b) <td> is used to add columns in the tables.

Question 6.
The tag is used to specify the individual table data in a table.
(a) <tr>
(b) <td>
(c) <th>
(d)<table>
Answer:(b)The <td> tag is used to specify the individual table data in a table.

Question 7.
In order to add border to a table, border attribute is specified in which tag?
(a) <th>
(b) <table>
(c) <td>
(d) <tr>
Answer:(b) border attribute is specified in <table> tag.

Question 8.
The attribute used to set the border color of a table is
(a) border
(b) bordercolor
(c) color
(d) border color
Answer:(b) bordercolor is used to set the border color of a table.

Question 9.
The frame attribute contains types of values.
(a) 9
(b) 3
(c) 6
(d) 4
Answer: (a) The frame attribute contains 9 types of values.

Question 10.
Which of the following is an attribute of < table > tag?
(a) src
(b) cellpadding
(c) link
(d) bold
Answer:(b) cellpadding is an attribute of <table> tag.

Question 11.
Which one of the following is not an option for aligning data in a table?
(a) justify
(b) right
(c) left
(d) center
Answer:(a) justify option is not used for aligning data in a table.

Question 12.
Which attribute of the < table > tag is used to set an image in the background of a table?
(a) bgcolor
(b) background
(c) frame
(d) rules
Answer:(b) background attribute is used to set an image in the background of a table.

Question 13.
The attribute used to specify the background cofor of a table is
(a) color
(b) bgtable
(c) backcolor
(d) bgcolor
Answer: (d) bgcolor is used to specify the background color of a table.

Question 14.
The two common attributes of the <img> and the <table> tag are
(a) src and height
(b) height and width
(c) border and src .
(d) they do not have any common attributes.
Answer:(b) height and width are common attributes of the <img> tag and the <table> tag.

Question 15.
border, frame, cellspacing, cellpadding, align are the attributes of
(a) <body> tag
(b) <img> tag
(c) <table> tag
(d) None of these
Answer: (c) border, frame, cellspacing, cellpadding, align are the attributes of <table> tag.

Question 16.
Which of the following is not an attribute of < table > tag?
(a) border
(b) background
(c) bgcolor
(d) src
Answer:(d) src is not an attribute of <table> tag.

Question 17.
In the <td> tag, td stands for
(a) Table Data
(b) Table Time and Date
(c) Table Date
(d) None of these
Answer:(a) td stands for Table Data.

Question 18.
What is the correct HTML code to left align the content inside a table cell?
(a) <td valign = “left”>
(b) <td align = “left”>
(c) <td left align >
(d) <td left>
Answer:(b) <td align = “left”>

Question 19.
Choose the correct HTML code to right align the content inside a table cell.
(a) <td align = “right” >
(b) <td valign = “right” >
(c) <td rightalign>
(d) <td right = “align” >
Answer: (a) <td align =”right”>

Question 20.
Combining two or more cells in a table on a Web page is called
(a) merging
(b) spanning
(c) combining
(d) None of these
Answer:(b) Combining two or more cells in a table on a Web page is called spanning.

Question 21.
Which attribute tells, how many rows a cell should span?
(a) colspan = n
(b) rowspan = n
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
Answer:(b) rowspan = n will tell how many rows a cell should span.

Question 22.
rowspan = n can be added to only which tag?
(a) <hr>
(b) <table>
(c) <td>
(d) <tr>
Answer: (r) rowspan = n can be added to only <td> tag.

Question 23.
Which attribute of <td> tag is used to merge two or more columns to form a single column?
(a) colspan
(b) cellspacing
(c) cellpadding
(d) rowspan
Answer: (a) colspan attribute is used to merge two or more columns to form a single column.

Question 24.
colspan = n can be added to tag.
(a) <hr>
(b) < table >
(c) <td>
(d) <tr>
Answer:(r) colspan = n can be added to <td> tag.

Question 25.
The attribute helps to align data vertical in a single cell.
(a) align
(b) valign
(c) halig
(d) Both (b) and (c)
Answer:(b) valign attribute is used to align data vertically in a single cell.

Question 26.
In the <th> tag, th stands for
(a) Table Heading
(b) Total Heading
(c) Table Header
(d) All of the above
Answer: (c) th stands lor Table Header

Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark each]

Question 1.
Name the tags which are used with <table> tag.
Answer: <tr>,<td>,<th> and <caption> tags are used with <table> tag.

Question 2.
Describe the border attribute of <table> tag.
Answer: The border attribute is used to define- the thickness of the border, which surrounds the table.

Question 3.
Why bordercolor attribute is used?
Answer: The bordercolor attribute is used to specify the color of the table’s border

Question 4.
Name any two values specified in frame attribute.
Answer: The values that can be specified for frame attribute are void and above.

Question 5.
Which attribute lets you control the display of select border sides of a table?
Answer: frame attribute displays the selected border sides of the table.

Question 6.
How many values can be specified in rules attribute of <table> tag?
Answer: There are total five values that can be specified for rules attribute.

Question 7.
Define cellspacing.
Answer: The cellspacing is used to create space between different cells in a table.

Question 8.
Name two table attributes, which are used to set spacing in and between table cells.
Answer: The cellspacing and cellpadding are the attributes, which are used to set spacing in and between the table celts.

Question 9.
What is the use of align attribute in < table > tag?
Answer: The align attribute defines the center, right or left alignment of the <tabie> tag.

Question 10.
Name the values that can be used in valign attribute.
Answer: The values that can be used in valign attribute are top, middle and bottom.

Question 11.
Why valign attribute is used? CBSE 2005
Answer:
The valign attribute is used with <td> tag which helps to align data in a single cell if the cell span in more than one row.

Question 12.
With which tag) align attribute is used?
Answer:
The align attribute is used with both <td> tag and <table> tag.

Question 13.
Which tag is used for giving heading to the columns?
Answer: The <th> tag is used to display the table heading only once for a table column.

Question 14.
Which tags divide HTML tables in multiple section?
Answer: <thead>, <tfoot> and <tbody>

Question 15.
What is the difference between <thead> and <tfoot> tags?
Answer: The <thead> tag is used to add a header in a table while <tfoot> tag is used to add a footer in a table.

Question 16.
Can you insert hyperlinks inside table cells?
Answer: Yes, in spite of text we just have to insert the anchor tag between the <td> and </td> tags.
e.g.
<td>
<a href = “www.google.com”>link </a></td>.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is table? Name the basic commands for creating a table.
Answer:Tables are made up of rows and columns. In HTML, tables are used to display tabular data in Web pages. The basic commands for creating tables are as follows:
Table tags <table> </table>
Row tags <tr> </tr>
Cell tags <td> </td>, <th> </th> and Caption tags <caption> </caption>.

Question 2.
What do you mean by the border attribute?
Answer:Refer to text on page no. 156.

Question 3.
Write HTML code to display a table with border of 5px.
Answer:

 <html><body>
 <table border = "5">
 <tr><td>l</td></tr>
 <tr><td>2</td></tr>
 </table> „
 </body></html >

Question 4.
Describe the various values of rules attribute.
Answer:Refer to text on page no. 157.

Question 5.
Differentiate between cellspacing and cellpadding in HTML table.
Answer:Differences between cellpadding and cellspacing are as follows:

Question 6.
Name the attributes of <table> tag which are used for specifying its dimensions in a Web page.
Answer: width and height attributes of <table> tag are used for specifying its dimensions in a Web page, width and height are specified in terms of pixels or percentage of the browser window.

Question 7.
Explain the width attribute of <table> tag.
Answer:The width attribute is used to set the absolute width of the table. The values in width attribute can be either in pixels or in percentage of the browser window, e.g.

 <table width = " 150">
 <tr><td>Celll</td><td>Cell2</td></tr>
 <tr><td>Cell</td><td>Cell4</td></tr>
 </tab1e>

Question 8.
What is the function of summary attribute?
Answer:summary attribute of <table> tag is used to provide the detailed information about a table. It enables a user to know the type of information that a table contains. It is useful to provide access to non-visual browsers, which are used by users with visual impairment, e.g.
<table summary=”text”>

Question 9.
What is data cell? Name the <table> tag, which is used as data cell.
Answer:The data cell defines a cell of a table that contains data. The table data cell is coded with <td> tag of <table> tag. Here, td stands for Table Data. The content in the table data cell is normal and left-aligned.

Question 10.
Why rowspan and colspan attributes are used?
Answer:Sometimes, a table cell is bigger than other. Its span is spread to more rows or columns. Such cells can be created with the help of rowspan and colspan attributes.

Question 11.
Which attributes can you use with < table > tag but not with <tr> tag?
Answer:summary, rules, frame,*, border, cellpadding, cellspacing, height, width and bordercojor are the attributes that you can use with <table> tag but not with <tr> tag.

Question 12.
Define the <th> and <tr> tags. Are these two tags similar? If yes, how?
Answer: <th> tag stands for Table Header. It is used to give headings to the various columns in our table. <tr> tag stands for Table Row. It is used to create a row in a table. <th> and <tr> tags are not similar. <th> tag is similar to <td> tag. Since, <th> also defines a data cell, which is taken as heading to the columns and the data is bold faced.

Question 13.
What is header cell? Name the < table > tag, which is used as header cell.
Answer: The table header cell is coded with <th> tag. It specifies the header of the table and displays the content of a table in heading style. The content in the table header cell is rendered in bold and centered horizontally within the cell.

Question 14.
What are table sections? How can they be created?
Answer: In HTML tables, there are three different sections: header, body and footer. These sections can be created using <thead> (header section), <tbody> (body section) and <tfoot> (footer section) tags.
e.g

 <table>
 <thead>
 <tr> <th> Month</th><th>Savings</th></tr> </thead>
 <tbody>
 <tr><td>January</td><td>$100</td></tr>
 <tr><td>February</td><td>$80</td></tr>
 </tbody>
 <tfoot>
 <tr><td>Sum</td><td>$180</td></tr>
 </tfoot>
 </tab1e>

Question 15.
Name the attributes that are used to do the following in HTML:

1. merge two or more rows.
2. change the background color of the cells in a table.
3. vertically align cell content.
4. merge two or more columns.

Answer:

1. 1. rowspan
  2. bgcolor
  3. valign
  4. colspan

Question 16.
Name the attributes used for following:

1. 1. setting the cell width.
  2. setting cell’s background image.
  3. setting cell’s background color.
  4. changing the cell span.

Answer:

1. 1. width
  2. background
  3. bgcolor
  4. rowspan and colspan

Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks each]

Question 1.
Write the HTML code to create the exact table which is given below:

Answer:The HTML code is

 <html>
 <body>
 <table border="3">
 <tr align = "center" val i gn = "middle"> <th> ADMNO </th>
 <th>SNAME</th>
 <th>NAME</th>
 <th>DOB</th>
 </tr>
 <tr align="left" valign="bottom">
 <td>1110</td>
 <td>MANJIT</td>
 <td>RANJIT</td>
 <td>4-MAR-1998</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 </body>
 </html>

Question 2.
Explain the frame attribute and the various values of it.
Answer:Refer to text on page no. 157.

Question 3.
Write an HTML code to create the following table:

Note:First row has Green background
Answer:The HTML code is

 <html>
 <body>
 <table border="2" align="left"> <thead bgcolor="green">
 <tr>
 <td>Roll Number</td>
 <td>Name</td>
 <td>Class</td>
 </tr></thead>
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td> 100 </td>
 <td> Amit </td>
 <td> 10 A </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td> 101 </td>
 <td> Ankit </td>
 <td> 10 B </td>
 </tr>
 </tr>
 <td> 102 </td>
 <td>Arnab </td>
 <td> 10C </td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
 <tfoot>
 <tr>
 <td> Footer 1 </td>
 <td> Footer 2 </td>
 <td> Footer 3 </td>
 </tr>
 </tfoot>
 </table>
 </body>
 </html>

Question 4.
What is the use of <tr> tag in an HTML table? Give a suitable example.
Answer:The <tr> tag creates a table row in an HTML table. A table must have atleast one row and also, it can have as many table rows as you want. A table row is divided into table cells. A table must have atleast one table cell per table row.
e.g.

 <html>
 CheadXtitle> TR Tag </title></head>
 <body>
 <table border = "1" cellpadding =”3">
 <tr>
 <th> Head 1 </th>
 <th> Head 2 </th>
 <th> Head 3 </th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td> A </td>
 <td> B </td>
 <td> C </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td> D </td>
 <td> E </td>
 <td> F </td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 </body>
 </html>
 Output

Question 5.
Can you perform event handling in HTML tables? If yes, explain it.
Answer:Yes, for explanation refer to text on page no. 36.

Question 6.
Observe the following table and write the HTML code to generate it:

Note : 1st row has pink background.
Answer:The HTML code is

 <html>
 <body>
 <table border = "1">
 <tr bgcolor = "pink" align = "center">
 <th>question< /th >
 <th>marks</th></tr>
 <tr><td rowspan = "3">l</td>
 <td>2</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>2</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>5</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 </body>
 </html>

Question 7.
Observe the following table and write the HTML code to generate it:

Answer:The HTML code is

 <html>
 <body>
 <table cell padding = "10" 
 cell spacing="0" border="l"> 
 <tr align = "center">
 <th>Periodl</th>
 <th >Period2 </th >
 </tr>
 <tr align = "center">
 <td>Math</td>
 <td>Science</td>
 </tr>
 <tr align="center"> 
 <td>English</td>
 <td>SST</td>
 </tr>
 <tr align="center">
 <td> Science< /td >
 <td>SST</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 </body>
 </html>

Question 8.
Write names of two attributes each for the following tags: CBSE 2013

<hr>
<body>
<img>
<table>
<a>

Answer:

Question 9.
Identify which of the following is a tag or an attribute ? CBSE 2014

link
table
align
href
br

Answer:

link — attribute
table — tag
align — attribute
href— attribute
br — tag

Question 10.

Write the HTML code to generate the following table on a Web page with the contents and alignment exactly as shown below:

Answer:The HTML code is

 <html>
 <body)
 <table border="l" width = "400”>
 <tr align="right"> 
<th>MOVTD</th> 
<th>MOVNAME</th>
 <th>ACTORS</th>
 </tr>
 <tr align="1eft">
 <td>M001</td>
 <td>HIT FACTORY</td>
 <td>4</td>
 </tr></table></body>
 </html>

Question 11.
Write the HTML code to generate the following table with the contents exactly in the same format as shown within the table:

Answer:The HTML code is

<html Xbody>
 <table border="l">
 <tr>
 <th colspan="4" align=”center">Shopping Mall/th ></tr>
 <tr align = "center"
 <td>Floor</td>
 <td>No. ofToyCbr>Shops</td>
 <td>No. of FoodCbr>Shops</td>
 <td>No. of SportsCbr>Shops</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 </body></html >

Question 12.
Write the complete <TABLE>…</TABLE> tags to create a table with the following contents. Ensure that the background of each data cell should have the color as specified in the corresponding column heading.
Answer:

 <table)
 <caption>Colors</caption)
 <tr>
 <th>red</th>
 <th>green</th>
 <th>blue</tl>
 <th>orange</th)
 <th>cyan</th>
 </tr>
 <tr)
 <td bgcolor="red" width="100" height="50"></td>
 <td bgcolor="green" width="100" height="50"></td>
 <td bgcolor="blue" width="100" hei ght="50"></td>
 <td bgcolor="orange" width="100" hei ght="50"></td>    .
 <td bgcolor="cyan" width="100" height="50"></td>
 </tr>
 </table>

Question 13.
Observe the following table and write the HTML code to generate it:

Answer:The HTML code is:

 <html>
 <body> <basefont face="cambria">
 <table border="l" bordercolor="black" cel 1spacing="0" width="320">
 <caption> Acdvities </caption>
 <tr>
 <td rowspan="3"> Sr School </td>
 <td> Maths Club </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td> Robotics Club </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td> Photography </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td rowspan="3"> Middle School </td> 
 <td> Gymnastic </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td> Yoga </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td> Computer Club </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td rowspan="3"> Primary School </td> <td> Dance </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td> Vocal Music </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td> Swimming </td> </tr>
 </table>
 </body>
 </html>

Application Oriented Questions

Question 1.
Write the HTML code to generate the following Web page:

Note: The following points while generating the Web page:

Link color is green, active link color is blue and visited link color is red.
Title of the page is “Eat healthy, live healthy”.
Heading of the page is maroon.
Image is used in “Restaurant.jpg”
Caption of table is blue
Table border is blue and of size 2.
The links are one.html, two.html, three.html and four.html.
The E-mail id for contact us is ‘[email protected]’.

Answer:The HTML code is

 <htm!>
 <head>
 <title>Eat healthy, live healthy</title>
 </head>
 <body link="green" alink="blue" vlink="red"> <center>
 <hl>
 <font color="maroon">KHAO PIYO RESTAURANT</font >
 </hl>
 </center>
 <img src=“Restaurant.jpg" a1ign ="right" height="255" width="250”>
 Collect Information for                                                .
 <ul>
 <li><a href=" one.html ">Menus</a></li > 
 <liXa href=”two.html ">Reservation</a>
 </li> <liXa href =" three.html ">Catering</a></li>
 <li>
 <a href="four.html ”>Tours</a>
 </li>
 </ul>
 <center>
 <table border ="2" bordered or=''bl ue”> <font color="blue">
 <caption> Menus available are </caption>
 </font>
 <tr>
 <td> 1 </td> <td> INDIAN </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td> 2 </td> <td> ITALIAN </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td> 3 </td> <td> CONTINENTAL </td> </tr>
 <tr>
 <td> 4 </td> <td> THAI </td>
 </tr>
 < /tab1e>
 </center>
 <br>
 For further queries and reservation
 <a href=''mai 1 to:[email protected]">
 Contact Us</a>
 </body></html>

Question 2.
If you type

 <table border="2">
 <tr align="center”>
 <th> Sun
 <th> Mon
 <th> Tue
 <th> Wed
 <th> Thu
 <th> Fri
 <th> Sat
 </tr>
 <tr align = "1eft">
 <td col span = "3" >
 <td> 1 </td>
 <td> 2 </td>
 <td> 3 </td>
 <td> 4 </td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 How the ouput will look like?
 Answer:The output will look like

Question 3.
Write the HTML code to generate the following output:

Answer:The HTML code is

 <html>
 <head>
 <ti tl e>Table</title>
 </head>
 <body>
 <table border="4" cell spacing=''7” cell spacing="5">
 <tr>
 <td>A</td>
 <td rowspan="2">B</td>
 <td>D</td> <td>E</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>G</td> <td col span="2">H</td>
 <td>I</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 </body>
 </html>

Question 4.
Write an HTML code to print the following table:

Answer:

 <caption>
 <b>
 <font size="4'' color="red">
 Student Data </font>
 </b>
 </caption>
 <tr >
 <th>Student Name</th>
 <th>Roli No</th>
 <th>Address</th>
 <th>Marks</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Amrita</td>
 <td>l</td>
 <td>Shastri Nagar</td>
 <td>483</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Taruna </td>
 <td>2</td>
 <td>T.P Nagar</td>
 <td>4l8</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Priyanka</td>
 <td>3</td>
 <td>Saket</td>
 <td>489</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 </body>
 </html>

Question 5. Carefully study the Web page given below. Identify 10 tags (structural as well as formatting tags) that have been utilised in creating this Web page and write the usage of each of them.

Answer:

<title> to specify the title of the Web page.
<body> contains all the content that is to be displayed on Web page and all the various formatting and structural tag.
<ul> used to create an unordered list.
<li> to specify the various list items in a list.
<caption> to provide caption to the table.
<table> used to create table in HTML document.
<tr> stands for table row, used to create a table row.
<td> stands for table data, helps to create cells in HTML table.
<img> used to insert an image in HTML document.
<a> stands for anchor tag. Use the href attribute to provide the reference of the Web page that you want to hyperlink.

Question 6.
Observe the following Web page and write HTML code to generate it:

Note: the following points while generating the Web page:

Background color of page is yellow.
Link color i^.black and visited link color is green.
Font style for the page is arial.
Heading of the page is maroon.
Image used is mainrhino.jpg.
Table border is 2px.
Use links as: For Whooping Crane as one.html

For White Rhino as two.html
For Sumatran Rhino as three.html
For Toucan as four.html
8.E-mail id for bottom message is abc@ xvz.com
Answer:
The HTML code is <html>
<body bgcolor=”yel1ow” 1ink=”black” vlink=”green”>
<basefont face=”arial”>
<hl align=”center”>
<font col or=”niaroon”>INDIAN RHINOCEROS</fontX/hl>
<img src=”mainrhino.jpg” align=”right” height=”100″ width=”110″>
The Indian rhinoceros lives primarily in northern India and Nepal. These massive beasts have some noticeable physical differences from their African relatives. Their segmented hide looks like a formidable coat of natural body armour. It functions a bit like one also. Flexible skin between the thicker hide “plates” allows them to shift as the rhinoceros moves.

 <br><br>
 Other Endangered Animals:
 <ul>
 <1i>
 <a href="one. html ">Whooping Crane</a></li>
 <1i>
 <a href=" two. html ">White Rhino</a>/1i >
 <1i>
 <a href="three. html ">Sumatran Rhino</a>
 </li>
 <1i>
 <a href="four. html ">Toucan</a></1i>
 </ul>
 <table border="2" align="center">
 <capti on>Fast Facts</capti on><tr><td>Type</td>
 <td>Mammal</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Diet</td>
 <td > FIerbivore< /td >
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Average life span in the wild</td>
 <td>40 years</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>                                       .
 <td>Size</td>
 <td>Length 12.5 ft; Height up to 6 ft</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Weight</td>
 <td>4,400 lbs (2,000 kg)</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <br>
 <a href="mailto:[email protected]">
 For more Details</a>
 </body>
 </html>

Question 7.
Carefully study the Web page given below. Identify 10 tags (structural as well as formatting tags) that have been utilised in creating this Web page and write the usage of each of them.

Answer:

.<title> to specify title of the Web page.
<body> contains all the text content that is to be displayed on Web page and all the various formatting and structural tag.
<hl> defines the most important and biggest heading.
<hr> used to separate content (or define a change).
<img> used to insert an image.
<b> used to bold the text.
<table> used to create a table.
<caption> used to provide caption to the table.
<tr> used to create a table row.
<td> used to define data cells.

Question 8.
Observe the following Web page and write HTML code to generate it.

Note: the following points while generating the Web page:

Title of the page is “Cleanliness”
Link color is green.
Font style for the page is arial.
Heading of the page is maroon.
Image used is clean.jpg.
Table border is 2px and border color is red.
Link for bottom message is contact.html.

Answer: The HTML code is

 <html>
 <head> <title> Cleanliness </title> </head>
 <body 1ink="green"> <basefont face="arial">
 <hl><font col or="maroon"> <center> IMPORTANCE OF CLEANLINESS </'center></font></hl> <hr>
 <img src="clean.jpg" align="left” height="120" width="80"><p align="justify">
 Cleanliness is not a work which we should do forcefully. It is a good habit and healthy way of our healthy life. All type of cleanliness is very necessary for our good health whether it is personal cleanliness, surrounding cleanliness, environment cleanliness, pet animal cleanliness or work place cleanliness (like school, college, office, etc). We all should be highly aware about how to maintain cleanliness in our daily lives.
 </p> <br>
 <0l> Factors affecting the environment <hr width="240" a 1 i gn=” 1 ef t" >
 <1i> Industrial activities <1i> Vehicles <li> Rapid urbanization and industrialization <li> Population overgrowth
 </ol>
 <table border="2" align="center" borderedor="red" width="600">
 <caption> Effects </caption>
 <tr> <td> Water Pollution is leading to a number of incurable diseases. </td> </tr>
 <tr> <td> Because of Air Pollution there are increasing case of pulmonary tuberculosis and thromosis and various sorts of brain and heart complications. </td> </tr>
 <tr> <td> Digital Media < /td></tr>
 <tr> <td> Soil-pollution may have negative effects on farm output ratio. </td> </tr>
 <tr> <td> Noise-pollution have negative effects on hearing or auditory sense organs. </td> </tr>
 <tr> <td> Thermal pollution is raising the environment temperature. </td> </tr>
 </tab1e>
 <hr><center> For more details <a h ref=" contact.h tml"> ClickHere </a> </center>
 </body>
 </html>

Fill in the Blanks [1 Mark each]

Question 1.
To insert a table on a Web page, we use ………………. tag.
Answer: <table>

Question 2.
The tag to start a table is
Answer:<table>

Question 3.
…………… tag is used to insert data into a table.
Answer: <td>

Question 4.
The <td> tag is a …………………
Answer: container

Question 5.
The……………. attribute is used to display a specific portion of a table border.
Answer: frame

Question 6.
frame attribute is used with…………attribute.
Answer: border

Question 7.
There are total………… values for rules attribute in <table> tag.
Answer: 5

Question 8.
In the rules attribute, the………… value helps to display a table border only between rows.
Answer: rows

Question 9.
Cellspacing is used to create space between different…………… in a table.
Answer: cells

Question 10.
The….. is an attribute of the < table > tag to set the distance between the cell content and its boundary.
Answer: cellpadding

Question 11.
To set image as background of an HTML table, you can use………………… attribute.
Answer: background

Question 12.
By default, color of a table is…………..
Answer: white

Question 13.
The height and width attributes of < table > tag are specified in terms of………….. or percentage.
Answer: pixels

Question 14.
The… attribute is used to provide information about a table.
Answer: summary

Question 15.
<td> tag can only be present inside……….
Answer: <tr>

Question 16.
The………………. attributes is used to combine the cells vertically.
Answer: rowspan

Question 17.
The……………… attribute is used to span two or more columns in a table.
Answer: colspan

Question 18.
The……………… attribute is used to align the data vertically within cells.
Answer: valign

Question 19.
The <tr> tag can only be present inside…………tag.
Answer: <table>

Question 20.
The <thead> tag is used to specify the………..part of the table.
Answer: header

True or False [1 Mark each]

Question 1.
A cell is an intersection of a row and a column.
Answer: True A cell is an intersection of a row and a column.

Question 2.
The cellpadding attribute is used with <td> tag.
Answer: False The cellpadding is used with <table> tag.

Question 3.
<caption> is placed just above the < table> tag.
Answer:False <caption> tag is placed inside the <table> tag.

Question 4.
<td> will make the text bold.
Answer:False <td> is a table data. It is used to define a cell of a table that contains data.

Question 5.
The border is an attribute of <a> tag.
Answer:F3lSB The border is an attribute of <table> tag.

Question 6.
The default value of border attribute is 1.
Answer:False The default value of border attribute is 0.

Question 7.
The cols value in the rules attribute, allows you to display table border only between columns.
Answer:True The cols value in the rules attribute is drawn between columns only.

Question 8.
The cellspacing attribute tells the browser how much space to include between the walls of the table.
Answer:False cellspacing attribute is used to create space between different cells in a table.

Question 9.
< caption > tag gives heading to a Web page.
Answer:False <caption> tag gives title or caption for the table.

Question 10.
cellpadding attribute is used with <body> tag.
Answer:False cellpadding attribute is used with <table> tag.

Question 11.
The rowspan attribute with < table > tag is used to merge more than one cells row wise.
Answer:True The rowspan attribute merges the cells row wise in a table.

Question 12.
The rowspan attribute is used to make a cell span multiple columns.
Answer:False The rowspan attribute is used to make a cell span multiple rows.

Question 13.
The align and valign are the attributes used with <td> tag to set the alignment of data in a cell.
Answer:True The align and valign attributes are used to set alignment of the data.

Question 14.
The <td> tag (column setting) have higher priority than <tr> tag (row setting).
Answer:True The <td> tag (column setting) have higher priority than <tr> tag (row setting).

Question 15.
Table row <tr> tag can accept one attribute.
Answer:False The <tr> tag can accept many attributes.

Question 16.
<th>‘tag is used to specify the column heading in a table.
Answer:True <th> tag is used to specify the column heading in a table.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – Internet Services

May 30, 2022

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – Internet Services

Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark each]

Question 1. Write the purpose of search engine. CBSE 2005
Answer: The main purpose of search engine is to help people to find more information in any topic, which user wants.

Question 2. Give the name of any two Websites, which are used as a search engines.
Answer: www.google.com and www.altavista.com

More Resources for CBSE Class 10

Question 3. What do you understand by uploading a file on Internet? Name software used for it.
Answer: To transfer a file from your computer to a server is called uploading a file on Internet. FTP is the software which is used for it.

Question 4. Distinguish between FTP and Telnet.
Answer: FTP (File Transfer Protocol) facilitates the transfer of files from one point to another while Telnet is a connection protocol that allows a user to connect to a remote server.

Question 5. What do you understand by telnet?
Answer: Telnet is a protocol that facilitates remote login on a computer.

Question 6. What do you understand by downloading files from Internet?
Answer: Downloading is transferring files from a server to a client’s computer.

Question 7. What do you understand by remote login?
Answer: Remote login or remote access is the ability to get access to a computer or a network from a different computer.

Question 8. Give the name of any two Websites which are used to send E-mail.
Answer: www.gmail.com and www.rediffmail.com

Question 9. How can a Word document be sent alongwith an E-mail?
Answer: By attaching the Word file with an E-mail.

Question 10. Write one advantage and one limitation of E-mail over traditional mail.
or
Why is E-mail so popular over conventional mail?
or
Mention any two advantages of E-mail over conventional mail. CBSE 2010, 08, 04,03
Answer:
Advantages

E-mail is extremely cost effective.
E-mail takes lesser time for transmitting data than conventional mail.

Disadvantage

Need of Internet connection to send/receive mail.

Question 11. How can video conferencing be helpful to teachers?
Answer: Using video conferencing, teachers can communicate with different school teachers and students to discuss different topics or attend seminars online.

Question 12. State one advantage of video conferencing over personal face-to-face business meetings.
Answer: Video conferencing allows you to interact with many people face-to-face without being at same place.

Question 13. How multiple E-mail addresses are defined in To, Cc, Bcc field?
Answer: By using comma between E-mail addresses.

Question 14. How many forms can E-learning occur?
Answer: E-learning can be CD-ROM based, network based, Intranet or Internet based.

Question 15. Give the name of five Websites for locating someone online.
Answer: Facebook, WhitePages, SuperPages, Bing and Yahoo search.

Question 16. How is newsgroup different from E-mail messages?
Answer: Unlike E-mail messages, which are visible only to the sender and specified recipients, newsgroup messages can be read by anyone, who view the group that they are posted in.

Short Answer Type Questions [2 & 3 Marks each]

Question 1. What is search engine? What is its usage? Give example.
or
What is a search engine? Give example of any one search engine. CBSE 2006, 02
Answer: A search engine is a Website that lets you search the Internet for Websites on specific topics. Search engines turn the Web into a powerful tool for finding information on any topic. There are several benefits of using search engine like,

Who is constantly on the computer everyday writing something.
Search engine provides a wealth of information for professional and personal use. e.g. Google

Question 2. When using a search engine, what does a minus sign used with keywords in the search box mean?
Answer: Search engine is a Website that provides the required data on specific content. It also allows users to enter keywords related to particular topics and retrieve information. The minus sign-in front of a word or phrase means that it includes first term but not the second term.

Question 3. How does FTP work?
Answer: FTP works on the principle of a client/server model. A FTP client program enables the user to interact with a FTP server program in order to access information and services on the server computer. To access FTP server program, users must be able to connect to the Internet or interact with FTP client program.

Question 4. Why uploading and downloading a file is required? Explain with example.
or
What is the need of uploading and downloading files?
Answer: When we need a file which is located at the server end, we have to download the file that means transmission of file from server to user’s computer. Similarly, if we want to share something like file, picture etc., we have to upload that file or picture on the Internet that means transmission of file from user computer to server.

Question 5. What is chatting? Is it necessary to be online while chatting?
Answer: Chatting is the textual or multimedia conversation oyer the Internet. It is a real-time communicatiofl between two users via computer. It is widely interactive text based communication process that takes places over the Internet. Yes, it is necessary to be online, while chatting.

Question 6. What is an E-mail? Write two advantages of an E-mail. CBSE 2012, 10
Answer: E-mail (Electronic mail) is a popular Internet service, which is used for sending or receiving messages electronically over a computer network.
The advantages are as follows:

E-mail is a cost effective medium of communication.
Ease of use.

Question 7. Mention some disadvantages of an E-mail.
Answer:

E-mail attachments can carry viruses.
Limited size of data file can be sent.
Hasty medium to convey emotions.
No guarantee that the mail will be read until the user logs on and check E-mail.

Question 8. Differentiate between E-mail and video conferencing.
Answer: Differences between E-mail and video conferencing are as follows:

E-mail	Video Conferencing
E-mail refers to sending and receiving messages electronically.	Video conferencing is similar to face-to-face communication between two or more people.
It is not necessary for sender and recipient to be online at the same time.	It is necessary for sender and receiver to be online at the same time.

Question 9. Mention the services which are provided by transactional category of an E-banking.
Answer:

There are no geographical barriers and the services that can be offered at a minimum cost.
Through Internet banking, you can check your transactions at any time and as many times as you want to.
If the fund transfer has to be made outstation, where the bank does not have a branch, the bank would demand outstation charges, whereas with the help of online banking, it will be absolutely free for you.
Internet banking deploys the Internet as a medium for financial transaction.
e.g. a customer login to his or her bank account by accessing the bank Website.

Question 10. Mention some benefits of video conferencing.
Answer: Some benefits of video conferencing are as follows:

It increases productivity
It saves money.
It saves time.
Many people can share videos at the same time.

Question 11. List some benefits of E-learning.
Answer: Some benefits of E-learning are as follows:

It is self paced.
It can work on any location and anytime.
Online computer based courses are available.
Reduces travel time and travel cost.

Question 12. What do you mean by E-shopping? Give three advantages of it. CBSE 2015
Answer: E-shopping or Online Shopping is the process of buying goods and services from merchants who sell their products on Internet.
Advantages of E-Shopping

Finding a product online is much more easier than looking for it in the local store.
Now-a-days online shopping is very reliable.
Most of the stores provide money back guarantee.
You have infinite options to choose a product.

Question 13. How multiple E-mail addresses are defined in To, Cc, Bcc field?
Answer: By using comma between E-mail addresses.

Question 14. How many forms can E-learning occur?
Answer: E-learning can be CD-ROM based, network based, Intranet or Internet based.

Question 15. Give the name of five Websites for locating someone online.
Answer: Facebook, WhitePages, SuperPages, Bing and Yahoo search.

Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks each]

Question 1. When using a search engine to search, then would you use quotation marks around search terms? CBSE 2007
Answer:

Quotation marks should be used around a phrase or search terms. Surrounding terms with quotation marks limit the search results to only those Web pages that contain the exact phrase, we have specified.
Doing this ensures that, the concept will be searched for as a whole and not picked apart by the search engine or we can say, without the quotation marks, the results will include any page that contains the words we have used regardless of what order those words are in.
e.g. typing death penalty without quotation marks could potentially retrieve all items that mention death, all items that mention penalty as well as the items about death penalty. This could lead to results that seem to have nothing to do with your topic. For best results, you should write “death penalty”.

Question 2. Transferring files through E-mail is restricted due to fill size. Justify.
Answer:

Over the Internet, a message will often pass through several mail transfer agents to reach the recipients. Each of these has to store the message before forwarding it on and many therefore, need to impose size limits.
The result is that while large attachments may internally send within an organisation, they are unreliable when sending across Internet.
e.g. In general, 10 MB is considered safe for the maximum size of an E-mail but, Google’s gmail service increased its limit to 25 MB.

Question 3. List some advantages and disadvantages of an E-mail.
Answer: Advantages of E-mail are as follows:

Low cost We can send the E-mail to other person at a very low cost. It requires only Internet connection cost to send the E-mail.
Speed E-mail can be sent at a very high speed.
Waste reduction E-mail goes a long way towards reducing the cluster of papers in the modern office, not to mention saving many trees.
Ease of use It is easy to send an E-mail as compared to traditional letter.

Disadvantages of E-mail are as follows:

Hardware requirement You need a computer to read or print E-mail.
Impermanent Your sent mail messages can be altered in all the ways.
A hasty medium It is a limitation because E-mail is so easy to use, it is also easy to send a message that you later regret.
Hard to convey emotions Without the extra clues of voice, posture and expression, it is easy to understand what someone really means in a message.

Question 4. Discuss the structure of an E-mail message.
Answer: In an E-mail message, you will see the following fields which are as follows:

To Mail-id of recipient.
Cc (Carbon copy) It allows you to send the same mail message to multiple recipients at the same time.
Bcc (Blind carbon copy) It allows the sender to send same mail message to multiple recipients without letting them know that some other person has also received the same message.
Subject It is the title of the mail message.
Body It contains the text of a message.
Attachments It allows you to attach one or more files or documents like Word document, image, video, Web page etc.
Other options Other options like emoticons, bold, italics hyperlink etc., are used to make message more interactive.
Formatting Using the formatting tap, you can edit the message.
Send button Once you complete the E-mail message, click at Send button to send the E-mail message.

Question 5. Write short notes on the following terms: CBSE 2014

Information retrieval
E-banking
Online shopping
E-reservation
E-groups

Answer:

Information retrieval It refers to the process of accessing the information that is stored on the Internet.
E-banking It refers to the automated delivery of new and traditional banking products and services directly to customers over the Internet.
Online shopping It refers to the activity of purchasing items from different Websites on Internet.
E-reservation It refers to the process that helps users to reserve movie, train and airline tickets as well as hotel rooms through Internet.
E-groups It refers to an online environment where users sharing common views and ideas that come together to meet and discuss topics of their interest.

Question 6. Give the benefits of social networking.
Answer: Benefits of social networking are as follows:

People sharing views can connect and form a group.
Individuals from all around the world can connect and thereby know about new cultures and languages etc.
It is an easy and cost effective way to reach your consumers and people in your network.
It helps in building credibility amongst the customer.
For business purposes, connecting with your customers on a personal and professional level will make them loyal to your company and brand.
Connecting with people in your friend’s networks or your work networks will benefit you in the long run. It will help you to gain connections which may be useful in the future.

Question 7. What are the dangers associated with social networking? CBSE 2013
Answer: Dangers associated with social networking are as follows:

Lack of anonymity Social networking usually requires you to input your name, location, age, gender and many other types of personal information.
Scams and harassment Being online you are at risk of facing cases of harassment, cyber stalking, online scams and theft identity.
Time consuming If you are new to social networking, learning the process can be very time consuming.
The illusion of security The Internet is definitely not secured as social or human hackers can hack one’s personal account.
Isolation Social networking sites do not provide isolation. As, once information is posted to a social networking site, it is no longer private.

Application Oriented Questions

Question 1. Now-a-days people can communicate to each other with the help of E-mail facility. It is gradually replacing other communication means such as telephone, post.

What is meant by the term E-mail?
Which one of the following is an advantage of using E-mail compared to using post?
(a) Same delivery time anywhere in the world.
(b) The E-mail can contain pictures.
(c) You can send it anywhere.

Answer:

E-mail means Electronic Mail. It is a basic Internet service for sending or receiving messages electronically over the Internet.
(a) Same delivery time anywhere in the world.

Question 2. Somya wants to collect some information regarding the history of India.

What is the fastest and easiest way of doing this that saves her efforts as well?
Write down the following steps in the correct order to show, how Somya could find information.
(a) Type keywords.
(b) Look at the list of Websites starting at the top.
(c) Load a search engine.
(d) Click the search button.
(e) Open the Web browser.

Answer:

Online search using search engine.
(e) Open the Web browser
(c) Load a search engine
(a) Type keywords
(d) Click the search button
(b) Look at the list of Websites starting at the top.

Question 3. Sharvan Joshi is a student of Political Science and is a keen researcher of political issues related to various countries and states. He wants to share his research and his own opinions on these issues on day-to-day basis with everyone on World Wide Web (WWW).
He is also interested in collecting views of others to enhance his research and knowledge related to his area of interest. He belongs to a middle class family and can not afford his own Website. Also being a non-technical person he can not create a dynamic Website to deal with day-to-day inputs.

Suggest an easy way for Sharvan to achieve the same.
Also, name two popularly used free services that can help Sharvan in this regard.

Answer:

Sharvan should develop a blog.
Twitter and Facebook.

Question 4. As life gets busy, it becomes difficult for everyone to keep track with school and college friends, old colleagues, old neighbours and favourite teachers. It is important to keep in touch with all your near and dear ones.
At times, people sitting miles away doing similar kind of activity or solving similar kind of problems can help you to achieve goals faster by sharing their experience.
Similarly, people belonging to different socio-economic background can change your perspective and can enhance your understanding of various cultures. CBSE 2011

Suggest any two real-time tools that are suitable for the above mentioned activities.
What is the generic name used for such tools?

Answer:

Twitter and Facebook.
Social networking.

Question 5. Mary has a prepaid Internet plan. She has a data limit of 14 GB. The average size of an E-mail with an attachment that Mary downloads is 1.4 MB. Approximately, how many E-mails can Mary download without exceeding her data limit?
(a) 1.4
(b) 14
(c) 1000
(d) 10000
Answer: (d) 10000

Question 6. Anila works in a Multinational Company (MNC) and needs to work online from home also. She requires fast Internet connection. Which type of Internet connection in your view would be best suited for her? Apart from browsing on the Internet she will require uploading/ downloading of files to/from remote sites.
Which protocol will help her to perform this activity?
Answer: She should prefer broadband connection. FTP protocol will help her in uploading and downloading of files.

Question 7. Video conferencing is a face-to-face communication between two or more people which are not at the same place.
Suggest which equipments that will be needed for this purpose.
Answer: Computer, video camera, microphone and network such as Internet.

Question 8. Sam is researching Australian river system for his geography lesson. He typed ‘rivers’ into a search engine. The screenshot shows some results of his search.
Rivers Australia-www.rivers.com.au
www.rivers.com.au
Rivers Australia-Clothing and Footwear Merchants. Rivers is a national retailer, which has a wide range of footwear and clothing for men and women.
This site has….
Home Page-Northern Rivers Catchment Management Authority
www.northern.cma.nsw.gov.au
Welcome to the Northern Rivers
Catchment Management Authority…
The Northern Rivers
CMA was established in 2005 by the New South Wales government to …
Rivers Receptions
www.rivers.net.au
Gold Coast River Cruise, surfers paradise, dinner cruise, sightseeing whale tours, whale watching tours, functions, weddings, corporate events, boat charters,…
Longest Rivers – Geo Science Australia
www.ga.gov.au
Scientific Topics….Geographic Information…
The lengths of the 10 longest rivers in Australia were re-calculated in September 2008 …….. .
Which Website would most likely provide accurate scientific information about rivers?
(a) www.rivers.com.au
(b) www.northern.cma.nsw.gov.au
(c) www.rivers.net.au
(d) www.ga.gov . au
Answer: (d) www.ga.gov.au

Question 9. Ram wants to attach a CD-ROM to an E-mail. Can it be possible? Also, give some items that can be attached to an E-mail.
Answer: No, it is not possible.
You can attach following items to an E-mail:

A Word document
A digital photograph
A program
A slide show
Audio file
Video file
Web page

Question 10. Mr. Ravindra wants to send some money to her wife who is in some other city. Tell him the easiest way to transfer money through bank.
Answer: E-banking is the easiest way to transfer money through bank.

Question 11. Gargi set-up the following Auto Delete options on her Web-based E-mail account.

What is the most likely reason, she has set the Trash folder to delete ‘Older than 1 month’?
Gargi wants
(a) all E-mails to have a delete date.
(b) all sent E-mails to be deleted after 1 month.
(c) all deleted E-mails to only remain in the Trash folder for 1 month.
(d) all E-mails in her inbox to be moved to the Trash folder after 1 month.
Answer: (c) all deleted E-mails to only remain in the Trash folder for 1 month.

Multiple Choice Questions [1 Mark each]

Q1. A search engine is a program to search
(a) for information
(b) Web pages
(c) Web pages for specified index terms
(d) Web pages for information using specified search terms.
Answer: (d) A search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the Web pages.

Q2. Which of the following statements about search engine is true? CBSE 2011
(a) Search engines discriminate between good and bad sites.
(b) Search engines have fixed hours, when we can use them.
(c) Search engines are waste of time as they do not provide relevant information.
(d) Search engine is a program designed to search for information on the Web using keywords.
Answer: (d) Search engine is a program designed to search for information on the Web using keywords.

Q3. A software that searches through a database of Web pages for particular information is known as
(a) domain
(b) E-mail client
(c) modem
(d) search engine
Answer: (d) Search engine searches a software through a database of Web pages for particular information.

Q4. Which software browse the Internet in a systematic manner? CBSE 2013
(a) Web crawler
(b) Web browser
(c) Indexing software
(d) Search algorithm
Answer: (a) Web search engine works by storing information about many Web pages, retrieved by a Web crawler.

Q5. Shri wants to search about computer vendor in Meerut excluding Dell category. Which of the following search query best suits his requirements?
(a) Computer vendor Meerut Dell
(b) Computer vendor Meerut not Dell
(c) Computer vendor + Meerut – Dell
(d) Computer vendor + Meerut + Dell
Answer: (c) Computer vendor + Meerut – Dell

Q6. Which of the following would you use to transfer files over the Internet?
(a) FTP
(b) E-mail
(c) HTTP
(d) Browser
Answer: (a) FTP is used to transfer files between computer on a network.

Q7. FTP is referred to as
(a) Force Transfer Protocol
(b) File Transport Protocol
(c) File Transfer Partition
(d) File Transfer Protocol
Answer: (d) FTP is a protocol through which Internet users can upload files from their computer to a Website. In which, FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol.

Q8. When you copy a Web page or a file from a server to your local computer, this process is called
(a) conferencing
(b) downloading
(c) uploading
(d) None of these
Answer: (b) Because we store information from a server computer to a user computer.

Q9. Image files uploaded and downloaded over the Internet can be processed with a compression application. Why are image files compressed before transmitted over Internet?
(a) to increase security
(b) to make them easier to open
(c) to reduce transmission time
(d) to improve the quality of images.
Answer: (c) Image files are compressed before transmitted over Internet to reduce transmission time.

Q10. Identify the software that helps you in sending and receiving an E-mail:
(a) MS-Office
(b) Internet Explorer
(c) MS-Outlook
(d) None of these
Answer: (c) MS-Outlook is preferred E-mail client which is used for sending or receiving an E-mail.

Q11. Bcc field contains the list of recipients. Bcc stands for CBSE 2014
(a) Basic carbon copy
(b) Blind carbon copy
(c) Blind client copy
(d) Basic client copy
Answer: (b) Bcc denotes the Blind carbon copy.

Q12. A two way video conversation among multiple participants is called
(a) video chatting
(b) video talking
(c) video conferencing
(d) video watching
Answer: (c) Two or more people hear and see each other, share whiteboard and other applications through video conferencing.

Q13. ……. services typically include reviewing account activity and balance, sending electronic payments and transferring funds between accounts electronically.
(a) E-banking
(b) E-reservation
(c) E-posting
(d) E-mail
Answer: (a) E-banking provides all transactional and non-transactional activities.

Q14. Which of the following sites, would you prefer to buy books? CBSE 2011
(a) www.yahoomail.com
(b) www.sun.com
(c) www.msn.com
(d) www.amazon.com
Answer: (d) www.amazon.com is the world’s largest online retailer and a best site for buying books.

Q15. E-reservation is a process of making reservations of
(a) tickets
(b) hotel rooms
(c) tourists packages
(d) All of these
Answer: (d) E-reservation is a process of making reservation of tickets, hotel rooms, tourists package etc.

Fill in the Blanks [1 Mark each]

Q1. Information is retrieved through Internet using ………….. .
Answer: search engine

Q2. Linkedln is an example of ………….. Website.
Answer: social networking

Q3. FTP is responsible for downloading …………. from computer network.
Answer: files

Q4. ……….. is a real-time communication between two or more users via computer. CBSE 2013
Answer: Chat

Q5. E-mail is the process of sending and receiving messages ………… .
Answer: electronically

Q6. ………… elements help to express emotions or feelings in E-mail or text messages.
Answer: Emoticon

Q7. ……….. helps us to learn anywhere using Internet.
Answer: E-learning

Q8. Computer Based Training (CBT) is a type of ……….. .
Answer: E-learning

Q9. ………… can be used to ease the development of building E-learning platforms. CBSE 2014
Answer: Supporting tools (like HTML)

Q10. ……….. allows customers to conduct financial transactions on a secure Website. CBSE 2011
Answer: E-banking

Q11. Internet can bemused to get reservation of trains and air planes through ……….. service.
Answer: E-reservation

Q12. ……….. helps to create and maintain social relationship.
Answer: Social networking

Q13. …………is the online directory to find the information about people.
Answer: SuperPages

True or False [1 Mark each]

Q1. AltaVista is used for searching of available Internet connection.
Answer: False AltaVista is a search engine, which is used for searching information on a particular topic.

Q2. FTP utilises TCP/IP protocol suite.
Answer: True FTP is the easiest way to transfer files between computers via an Internet and utilises TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)/IP (Internet Protocol) systems to perform uploading and downloading tasks.

Q3. Downloading of files means transferring files from host computer to the Internet. CBSE 2011
Answer: False Downloading of files means transferring of files from an Internet to your computer.

Q4. Chat rooms are actual rooms, where chat session can take place. CBSE 2011
Answer: False Chat often occurs in a virtual chat room, which can include different peoples who may or may not know each other.

Q5. Plain text (txt) E-mail messages can be read by any type of E-mail application.
Answer: True Plain text E-mail contains plain text without any formatting options such as bold, italic, colored fonts etc., so these can be read by any type of E-mail application.

Q6. Video conferencing enables two or more people to only see one another.
Answer: False People can also communicate with the help of video conferencing. It often includes multiple people at each location.

Q7. E-learning only supports text materials.
Answer: False E-learning includes numerous types of media that deliver text, audio, images, animation and streaming videos.

Q8. We can make groups of our friends and family members on a social networking site. CBSE 2011
Answer: True Social networking provides various sites like Facebook and Orkut for making groups.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – Inserting Images and Links in HTML

May 20, 2022

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – Inserting Images and Links in HTML

Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark each]

Question 1. How can text be displayed in place of image for users whose browser do not support images? CBSE 2007
Answer: The alt attribute of <img> tag is used to display the text in place of image for the users whose browser do not support images.

Question 2. Write a statement in HTML that inserts an image named ‘school.jpg’ found in the ‘images’ folder of the current folder. In case the image cannot be found, it should display ‘Schools in India’.
Answer: <img src =”images\school.jpg” alt=”Schools in India”>

More Resources for CBSE Class 10

Question 3. The following code is written to align the image in center in the browser’s window.
However, the>desired result is not achieved. Mention the reason.
<img src = “image.jpg” align = “center”>
Answer: The reason for not getting the desired result is that center is not a value of align attribute in <img> tag.

Question 4. Why width and height attributes are used?
Answer: The width and height attributes are used, such that downloading of an image will be faster after knowing the dimensions of the images in the browser.

Question 5. What do you mean by hypertext?
Answer: Hypertext acts as a link on which you click to navigate to the desired content.

Question 6. In HTML, how linking can be done?
Answer: In HTML, linking can be done by using anchor <a> tag followed by href attribute.

Question 7. Explain linking.
Answer: When one Web page or a text fragment is connected to another Web page, then it is called linking. It is of two types— internal linking and external linking.

Question 8. What happens when we click on a hyperlink in a Web page? CBSE 2008
Answer: When we click on a hyperlink in a Web page, it provides a link that leads from one document to another.

Question 9. Give the expansion of the following

alt
<a>

Answer:

alt is used for alternate text attribute.
<a> is used for anchor tag.

Question 10. Write the HTML command to display the following in your Web page. A² + B² CBSE 2006
Answer: The HTML command is – A<sup>2</sup> + B<sup>2</sup>

Question 11. Write the output on the Web page for the following HTML command.
<u>Atomic weight of </u>O<sub>2</sub>
Answer: The output on the Web page will be Atomic weight of O₂

Short Answer Type Questions [2 & 3 Marks each]

Question 1. Describe the use of alt attribute with <img> tag.
Answer: The alt attribute is used to define ‘alternate text’ for an image. It tells the Website visitor, what he/she is missing on the page if the browser cannot load images. The browser will then display the altertnate text instead of the image. It is good to include alt attribute for each image on a page to improve the appearance and usefulness of the document.

Question 2. Write the HTML code to display an image on the right side of the page. CBSE 2016
Answer:

<html>
<body>
<img src="image.jpg" align="right">
</body>
</html>

Question 3. Name the values that can be assigned to align attribute of <img> tag.
Answer: The values that can be assigned to align attribute of <img> tag are as follows:

top
bottom
left
right
middle

Question 4. Write the HTML code to display an inline image named pencil.jpg located at C:\ in the center of your Web page. CBSE 2013
Answer:

<html>
<body>
<center>
<img src="C:\pencil.jpg">
</center>
</body>
</html>

Question 5. Define height and width attributes of <img> tag.
Answer: The width and height attributes tell the dimension of an image to the browser. Both (height and width) attributes require integer values (dimension of image in terms of either pixels or percentage of its actual size).
<img src=”picture.jpg” height = “50” width = “50”>

Question 6. Identify the errors in the following HTML code and write the correct code with each correction underlined. CBSE 2011

<html>
<title>IMAGES</head>
<body bgcolor="PICI.JPG">
<img href="ABC.JPG">
HERE IS MY IMAGE FILE
</bgcolor>
</html>

Answer:

Error 1 The <title> tag must be within <head> element.
Error 2 bgcolor attribute of body element supports a color like red, green or its color value.
Error 3 <img> tag needs a source attribute src to place an image.
Error 4 body element must be closed not bgcolor attribute.

The correct code is as follows:
<html>
<head>
<title>IMAGES</title>
</head>
<body bocolor = "yellow">
<imq src= "ABC.JPG">
HERE IS MY IMAGE FILE </body>
</html>

Question 7. Explain the need of linking between Web pages.
Answer: Linking between different Web pages is required, as when we create Websites, different html files (Web pages) are created. These files contain different modules and cannot be open individually. If we link between them, the Website becomes more productive and informative.

Question 8. How is external linking different from internal linking? CBSE 2004, 05
Answer: External link is a type of linking that goes to another Website. It is a linking of two different documents. While, internal linking is a type of linking that links pages within a single Website, various sections of same document or different document.

Question 9. Explain the given command
<a href =”wild.html”>Click Here for wild animals</a> CBSE 2006
Answer: In this command, anchor <a> tag and its href attribute is included. The text (Click Here for wild animals) will appear underlined and indicates that clicking the text activates the hypertext link. The address of the referenced document can be specified by an absolute or relative URL.
Thus, “wild.html” is an URL or Web page address and Click Here for wild animals is the hyperlinked text.

Question 10. Name the attributes of <a> tag which are used for internal linking in a Web page. CBSE 2014, 13
Answer:The attributes of <a> tag which are used for internal linking in a Web page as follows:

href used to specify the URL of the segment the link goes to.
name gives the name to the segment.

Question 11. What is the purpose of using the attribute href in <a> tag?
Answer: The href stands for Hypertext Reference. The href attribute is used with <a> tag to specify link to some other HTML page or Website.
e.g. <a href “”https://meritbatch.com”>
click here </a> to go to learncbse.
It will display like:
click here to go to learncbse.

Question 12. Write the HTML code to create a link for school .jpg located at C:\. CBSE 2014
Answer:

<html>
<body>
<a href = "C:\school. jpg">Image</a>
</body>
</html>

Question 13. Write an simple HTML code to show an example of internal linking.
Answer:

<html>
<head><title>Internal Linking</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>It is <a name ="top">top</a> of the page </h1>
<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
<br><br><br><br>
<h1><a href ="#top">Top</a></h1>
</body>
</html>

Question 14. What is the purpose of mailto function?
Answer: The mailto function is used to send E-mail messages to multiple recipients. For this, we only need to type the E-mail address of the recipients in the same link separated by commas.

Question 15. Write an HTML code to show the use of mailto function.
Answer:

<html>
<head>
<title> Use of mailto </title>
</head>
<body>Send your views to
<a href= "mailto:[email protected]"> [email protected]< / a >
</body>
</html>

Question 16. Write the HTML code to send an E-mail to [email protected] from your Web page. CBSE 2013
Answer:

<html>
<body>
<a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>
</body>
</html>

Question 17. Distinguish between <sup> and <sub> tags with example.
Answer: Distinguishes between <sup> and <sub> tags are as follows:

<sup> Tag	<sub> Tag
The <sup> tag is known as superscript tag.	The <sub> tag is known as subscript tag.
It is used to define superscripted text.	It is used to define subscripted text.
Tags that are used to specify superscripted written as <sup> text </sup>	Tags that are used to specify subscripted written as <sub> text </sub>
e.g. HTML command to display (a+ b) ² is (a+ b) <sup>2</sup>	e.g. HTML command to display log ₂+log _x is log <sub>2</sub>+log <sub>x</sub>

Question 18. Write the full forms of: CBSE 2013

<sup>
<a>
<img>
<sub>

Answer:

<sup>Superscript
<a> Anchor
<img> Image
<sub> Subscript

Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks each]

Question 1. Explain various attributes of <img> tag.
Answer:

Attributes of <img> Tag
An attribute is an extra piece of information associated with a tag that provides further details about the tag.
Following are the various attributes of <img> tag:

The src Attribute: The src (source) attribute takes URL (Universal Resource Locator) of an image file as value, which points to the direct location of an image to be displayed.
The image that you specify in your <img> tag should be in your computer otherwise the image will not be displayed and in place of image a cross mark in a box 0 will appear.

The alt Attribute: This attribute of <img> tag is used to provide alternate text when an image on a Web page cannot be displayed.
The alternative text is the text associated with an image that serves the same purpose and conveys the same essential message. As per HTML standard, alt attribute is optional but is highly recommended.

The align Attribute: This attribute is used to set the position of an image in a Web page according to the user’s requirements. In HTML, images appear inline with a single line of the text. But, HTML standard does not define a default alignment for the images with respect to other text and images in the same line.
There are some values of image alignment attribute as follows:

Top Alignment
Middle Alignment
Bottom Alignment
Left Alignment
Right Alignment

The width and height Attributes: When an image is added to a Web page, it is not mandatory to specify width and height of the image. At the time of loading an image, a box will appear on the place where the image will be loaded.

The border Attribute: You can set the border of an image that you want to use in your Web page. The border attribute of the <img> tag specifies the width of the border around an image. By default, an image has no border in HTML.

Question 2. Which attribute is used to specify the location of an image file in <img> tag? Explain.
Answer: The attribute you need to get an image to display on a Web page is the src attribute.
In the src attribute of the <img> tag, you can specify the path of the image that you want to add to the Web page. This may be an image in the same directory, an image somewhere else on the same server, or an image stored on another server.
The syntax for src attribute is <img src =”imagel. jpg”>

Question 3. Define various alignments of align attribute with example.
Answer: There are some values of image alignment attribute as follows:

Middle Alignment
This alignment is different in both Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox. In Internet Explorer, this alignment aligns the image to the middle of the tallest item in the current line. While in Mozilla Firefox, this alignment aligns the image to the baseline of the current line in which it is placed.

Example: To show middle alignment of an image.
<html>
<head>
<title> Alignment </title>
</head>
<body>
<h1> Middle Alignment </ h1>
<img src="flower2.jpg" align="middle">
A flower, sometimes known as a b'oom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants. The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs.
</body>
</html>

Bottom Alignment
This alignment aligns the bottom edge of the image, to the same horizontal plane as the baseline of the text. Both Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox treat this alignment in the same manner.

Example: To show bottom alignment of an image.
<html>
<head> <title> Alignment </title> </head>
<body>
<h1> Bottom Alignment </h1>
<img src="flower2.jpg" alt="flower" align="bottom">
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants. The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs.
</body>
</html>

Left Alignment
This alignment aligns the image to the left on the Web page respectively of the browser window.

Example: To show left alignment of an image.
<html>
<head> <title> Alignment </title> </head>
 <body>
<h1> Left Alignment </h1>
<img src="flower2.jpg" align="left">
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants. The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs.
</body>
</html>

Right Alignment
This alignment aligns the image to the right on the Web page respectively of the browser window.

Example: To show right alignment of an image.
<html>
<head> <title> Right Alignment </title> </head>
<body>
<h1> Right Alignment </h1>
Cimg src="flower2.jpg" align="right">
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants. The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs.
</body> 
</html>

Question 4. Write HTML code to illustrate

listed hyperlinks
image hyperlinks

Answer:

Listed Hyperlinks: It is noticeable that <a> tag can also be used for more complex task (as with images or with lists etc.)

Example: To show listed hyperlinks.
<html>
<head> <title> List </title> </head>
<body> <h1>List </h1>
<ul>
<li> <a href="linkl.html"><img src ="F:Fruits-wallpaper-91.jpg" align="middle" height="75" width="75">
Fruit Chart </a></li><br><br>
<li> <a href= "link2.html">
<img src="F:\vegetable.jpg" align="middle" width="75" height="75">
Vegetable Chart </a> </li > </ul>
</body>
</html>

Output:

Image Hyperlinks: Images can also be used as hyperlinks. To create image as a link, following syntax is used:
<a href = “URL”> <img src=”image1.jpg”> </a>

Example: To show image as link.
 <html>
 <head>
 < title>Image as Link</title)
 </head>
 <body>
 <a href "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweety")
 <img src="D:\Class10\computer\tweetyl.jpg"></a>
 </body>
 </html>

Output:

Question 5. Explain the following (with example):

linking on same Web page.
linking on different Web page.

Answer:

Linking on the Same Web Page

To create an internal link, you need to use a pair of <a> tags. The first <a> tag is used to specify the name of the target location for identification purpose. It is known as target fragment. You can use the <a> tag with its name or id attribute to identify a fragment. This type of anchor is commonly called as named anchor.
The first step is to make the target fragment. The simple syntax to do so is written below:
<a name =”aa”> Part A </a>
Where, “aa” is the name of fragment/segment you want to refer (like top, bottom etc.). The second <a> tag is used to create a link to the target fragment. The simple syntax to link to the target segment is written below:
<a href = “#aa”> ClickHere </a>
In the second <a> tag, the value of href attribute with # symbol is to be specified.

Example: To show the internal linking in an HTML document.
<html>
<head><title>Internal Linking<title></head>
<body>
<h1>Linking in a page </h1>
<h3>Click here to go to the
<a href="#bottom">bottom</a> of the page.</h3>
<br>><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> 
<br>><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
<br>><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
<a name="bottom"><h3> You are at the bottom of the page.</h3></a>
</body>
</html>

Output:

Linking Sections of Different Web Pages

Internal linking enables us to link sections of different Web pages also. It can be done by specifying the name of the Web page and the section which is to be linked. To link two Web pages, you first need name to the section by using name attribute of <a> tag that you want to link. Suppose, we need to link a section of HTML1.html to HTML2.html. Create a named anchor in HTML1.html.
The syntax is given below:
<a name =”link”> Different Page </a>
After this, you have to write the code to refer to it, from Web page HTML2.html. Following is the code to do so:
<a href =”HTML1.html#link”>
Here, HTMLl.html is the name of html file to the section of which you want to link and # link is the segment name you want to link in that html file.

Multiple Choice Questions [1 Mark each]

Q1. Web browsers display images in the following format
(a) XBM
(b) JPEG
(c) GIF
(d) All of these
Answer: (d) All of these

Q2. Which tag is used to insert an image in Web page?
(a) <a>
(b) <table>
(c) <img>
(d) <p>
Answer: (c) <img> tag is used to insert inline image in a Web page.

Q3. The correct HTML code for inserting an image is CBSE 2012
(a) <img href=”image.gif”>
(b) <img> image.gif</gif>
(c) <img src = “image.gif”>
(d) <image src = “image.gif” >
Answer: (c) <img src=”image.gif “>

Q4. src attribute used with <img> tag stands for CBSE 2013
(a) screen (b) screen resolution count
(c) source (d) structure
Answer: (c) source

Q5. …………. attribute is used to specify the location of an image file.
(a) alt
(b) src
(c) align
(d) name
Answer: (b) src attribute is used to specify the location of an image file.

Q6. The text specified in the alt attribute is displayed as tooltip in
(a) Internet Explorer
(b) Google Chrome
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
Answer: (a) The text specified in alt attribute is displayed as tooltip in Internet Explorer only.

Q7. The alternate text of an image can be displayed by using attribute of the <img> tag.
(a) src (b) alt
(c) align (d) None of these
Answer: (b) alt attribute of the <img> tag is used to display the alternate text of an image.

Q8. alt attribute allows CBSE 2016
(a) addition of an alternate hyperlink
(b) addition of a border to image
(c) use of an alternative image in place of the specified image
(d) addition of alternative text about an image
Answer: (d) alt attribute allows addition of alternative text about an image.

Q9. The default alignment of images, that are inserted in Web page, is
(a) left
(b) right
(c) inline with text
(d) middle
Answer: (c) An image which is inserted in Web page by default placed inline with text.

Q10. Which is not a valid value in the align attribute of <img> tag? CBSE 2014,2013
(a) top
(b) center
(c) bottom
(d) right
Answer: (b) center is not a valid value in the align attribute of <img> tag. To align in center, <center> tag can be used.

Q11. Why is it important to specify width and height attribute in <img> tag? CBSE 2013
(a) To ensure that image is not copied
(b) The image will not render without these
(c) To stop the image from loading
(d) Helps the browser to load the Web page faster
Answer: (d) Helps the browser to load the Web page faster.

Q12. When creating a Web document, which unit is used to express an image’s height and width? CBSE 2013
(a) Centimetres
(b) Pixels
(c) Dots per inch
(d) Inches
Answer: (b) Image’s height and width unit are expressed in pixels or in per cent form.

Q13. The <a> tag is
(a) a container tag
(b) an empty tag
(c) a closing tag
(d) None of these
Answer: (a) <a> is a container tag, which requires starting as well as matching ending tag.

Q14. ………… is the default color of a hyperlink.
(a) Red
(b) Blue
(c) Green
(d) Black
Answer: (b) Blue

Q15. The tag used in HTML to link a Web page with other Web page is CBSE 2013
(a) <a> (b) <h> (c) <u> (d) <l>
Answer: (a) <a> anchor tag is used to create links.

Q16. Which tag tells, where a link starts? CBSE 2014
(a) <1> (b) <start>
(c) <a> (d) None of these
Answer: (c) <a> tag specify that a link starts, in which, href create a hyperlink.

Q17. Which command should be use to link a page with HTML page? CBSE 2013
(a) <a link = “page.htm” > </a>
(b) <a href = “page.htm”>page</a>
(c) <a connect = “page.htm”></a>
(d) <a attach = “page.htm”></a>
Answer: (b) <a href=”page.htm”>page</a>

Q18. With which code you .can make an image works as link? CBSE 2016
(a) <a href = “URL”>Text</a>
(b) “<a href=”ABC.html”><img src =”graphic.gif”>Click Here</a>
(c) <a ref=mailto:<img src = graphic.gif>Click Here</a>
(d) None of the above
Answer: (b) With <a href=”ABC.html”><img src= “graphic.gif >Click Here</a> image works as link.

Q19. To create a hyperlinked image
(a) the image tag should be within anchor tag
(b) the anchor tag should be within image tag
(c) the image tag should be before the anchor tag
(d) the image tag should be after the anchor tag
Answer: (a) The image tag should be within anchor tag to create hyperlinked image.

Q20. For internal linking, the section names are provided by attribute of <a> tag.
(a) title
(b) href
(c) name
(d) None of these
Answer: (c) For internal linking, section names are provided by name attribute.

Q21. Is it possible to link within the current page?
(a) No
(b) Only in framesets
(c) Yes
(d) None of these
Answer: (c) Yes, it is possible to link within the current page, which is called internal linking.

Q22. ………. attribute of the <a> tag is used to name a section in a Web page to create an internal link.
(a) href
(b) name
(c) align
(d) link
Answer: (b) name attribute is used to create an internal link.

Q23. …………….. attribute is used to set the color of a link while it is active.
(a) vlink
(b) alink
(c) Both
(a) and (b)
(d) None of these
Answer: (b) alink attribute is used to set the color of link while it is active.

Q24. The attribute which is used to send E-mails through a Website.
(a) tomail
(b) mailto
(c) Both
(a) and (b)
(d) None of these
Answer: (b) mailto attribute is used to send E-mails through a Website.

Q25. Choose the correct syntax to create an E-mail link. CBSE 2014
(a) <a href = “[email protected]”>
(b) <a href = “mailto:[email protected]”>
(c) email = “[email protected]”>
(d) <amail = “[email protected]”>
Answer: (b) <a href = “mailto:[email protected]”>

Q26. To display (X+Y)², correct HTML code is CBSE 2013
(a) <sub>(X+Y)2</sub>
(b) X+Y< sup > 2 </sup >
(c) (X+Y)<sup>2</sup>
(d) <sup>(X +Y)2</sup>
Answer: (c) (X+Y) <sup>2</sup> code is correct because superscript have to be placed in between <sup> and </sup> tags.

Fill in the Blanks [1 Mark each]

Q1. The <img> tag is an ………… tag, that means it has no closing tag.
Answer: empty

Q2. <img> tag is used for …………. images. CBSE 2014
Answer: displaying

Q3. …………… tag is used to create inline images. CBSE 2013, 2012
Answer: <img>

Q4. ……………. is an attribute of the <img> tag which specifies the location or URL of the image to be displayed.
Answer: src

Q5. An attribute is an extra piece of information associated with a …………….
Answer: tag

Q6. The ait attribute provides …………… for an image.
Answer: alternative information

Q7. The value for alt attribute is a text string of upto ………….. characters.
Answer: 1024

Q8. An image to be displayed in a Web page has to cover 25% of the browser window horizontally and 50% vertically. The attributes ………… and ………….of the <img> tag would be used for achieving this.
Answer: height, width

Q9. attribute is used to give border to an image. CBSE 2016
Answer: border

Q10. ………… is a word or image that when clicked take us to another Web page. CBSE 2013
Answer: Hyperlink

Q11. ………… tag is used to connect Web pages. CBSE 2014
Answer: <a>

Q12. ……. are used to connect Web pages. They are created with <a> tag. CBSE 2016
Answer: Hyperlinks

Q13. The …………. tag is considered to establish a hypertext relationship between the current document and another URL.
Answer: <a>

Q14. The ………….. attribute is used for specifying the URL of the anchor tag.
Answer: href

Q15. An ……….. link allows a link to another Web page or another Website. CBSE 2011
Answer: external

Q16. The …………….. attribute of <a> tag is used to provide information or a title for the linked document or Web page.
Answer: title

Q17. An link allows a link to another section on the same or different Web page.
Answer: internal

Q18. A visited link on a Website is generally underlined and …………… in color.
Ans. purple

Q19. The default color of alink attribute is ………… .
Answer: red

Q20. ………… is used to change the color of a visited link. CBSE 2016
Ans. vlink

Q21. Using the ………… type URL, you can create the E-mail hyperlink.
Answer: mailto

Q22. The tag ……….. is used to create superscripts and …………. tag is used to create subscripts on a Web page.
Answer: <sup>, <sub>

True or False [1 Mark each]

Q1. You can have inserted an image in your Web page which is physically present in your computer.
Answer: True With the help of <img src=”image URL”>, we can insert an image in Web page which is present in our computer.

Q2. If the image you are loading in the Web page is not available, then you want a text to appear in the image placeholder, text attribute lets you define this text.
Answer: False The alt attribute is used to define text to appear in the image placeholder, if image is not visible for any reason.

Q3. No value is specified with alt attribute of <img> tag. CBSE 2012
Answer: False alt attribute provides alternate text for an image if the image is not visible on Web page for any reason.

Q4. String as a value of alt attribute must be enclosed in quotation marks.
Answer: True alt attribute contains string which must be enclosed in quotation marks.

Q5. The general syntax for inline image is <img src = “file name” >.
Answer: True At the place of file name, path of the image is specified. If the image is in the same folder as HTML file, it is not needed to specify full path of an image.

Q6. The default alignment of image is right. CBSE 2014
Answer: False There is no default alignment of image with respect to text in HTML.

Q7. It is not important to specify an integer value as the width of the border of an image.
Answer: False Width takes an integer values that are in pixels.

Q8. The align attribute of the <img> tag is used to specify the text that is to be displayed in case the browser that does not support graphics.
Answer: False alt attribute is used to specify the text that is to be displayed in case the browser which does not support graphics.

Q9. We can put a border around an image by using width attribute. CBSE 2013
Answer: False We can put a border around an image by using border attribute.

Q10. border is an attribute of <a> tag. CBSE 2012
Answer: False border is an attribute of <img> tag.

Q11. The <a> tag is called the align tag. CBSE 2011
Answer: False The <a> tag is called anchor tag.

Q12. The anchor tag <a> signals the beginning of the text.
Answer: False Anchor tag is used to create hyperlinks not text.

Q13. The color of the hyperlinks in an HTML document can be changed.
Answer: True We can change the color of hyperlinks in HTML document.

Q14. Hyperlinks can also be created for links within the same document. Linking within the same document is called external linking.
Answer: False Linking within the same document is called internal linking.

Q15. It is not possible to create link within current document. CBSE 2012
Answer: False You can link various sections of the current document together, which is called internal linking.

Q16. The name attribute of the <a> tag allows the user to create links within the same document. CBSE 2011
Answer: True Because name attribute defines a name of a section in a document.

Q17. You should include a mailto function in the body of your document to allow user to respond to your Web page.
Answer: True The mailto function is used to send E-mails from the Website.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – Societal Impacts of IT

May 20, 2022

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – Societal Impacts of IT

Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark each]

Question 1. Define virus.
Answer: A virus is a harmful program, which on entering a computer, starts creating copies of itself. It then attacks by corrupting the executable files and folders saved on the computer.

Question 2. List the different types of computer viruses.
Answer:

File system viruses
Boot sector viruses
Macro viruses

More Resources for CBSE Class 10

Question 3. Name some forms of virus attacks.
Answer: Worms, Trojan horse, Computer Virus etc.

Question 4. Give some examples of computer worms.
Answer: MS-Blaster, Mellisa worm, SQL Slammer worm are the common examples of worms.

Question 5. Explain denial of service attack.
Answer: A denial of service attack is a type of attack that consumes all the resources of a computer.

Question 6. What is used to identify, prevent and take action against malicious programs, such as viruses and worms, by deactivating or deleting them?
Answer: Antivirus is used to identify, prevent and take action against malicious programs such as viruses and worms, by deactivating or deleting them.

Question 7. Describe hacking.
Answer: Hacking is the practice of modifying the features of a system, in order to accomplish a goal outside of the creator’s original purpose.

Question 8. What is the meaning of backup? CBSE 2013
Answer: Backup is a process of making an extra copy of the data on a computer and storing it in a different location on the computer or in an external device.

Question 9. What are the types of data backup?
Answer: There are two types of data backup:

Full backup
Differential backup

Question 10. Can you backup the files while your computer is running?
Answer: Yes, we can safely backup open files and programs while they are running.

Question 11. What is encryption of data? CBSE 2014
Answer: Encryption refers to scrambling of data in some encoded format so that it may be transmitted over networks.

Question 12. A digital signature is issued by which organisation?
Answer: A digital signature is«an electronic file that is issued by a Certification Authority. (CA).

Question 13. Name two other means of online security measures.
Answer: Digital signature and Digital certificate

Question 14. Which security provision is used to ensure data integrity and authentication?
Answer: A digital signature helps the user to ensure data integrity and authentication.

Question 15. Give any two shortcomings of online purchase. CBSE 2014
Answer:

Cannot see the product in reality before a purchase.
You do not receive the product immediately, there is always some delay.

Short Answer Type Questions [2 & 3 Marks each]

Question 1. How does a virus affect your computer?
Answer: Virus is a software used to infect a computer. After virus code is written, it is buried within an essential programmed. Once the programmed is executed, the virus code is activated and attack copies itself to other programs.

Question 2. Give three guidelines to prevent the virus attack.
Answer: Three guidelines to prevent the virus attack are as follows:

Avoid the temptation to open unexpected E-mail attachments and downloads from unreliable sources. Resist the urge to double click everything in your mailbox. If you get an unexpected file attachment, send an enquiry E-mail to its sender. Ask him about the nature and function of the file attachment.
In stable reliable antivirus, scanning software and download its updates regularly.
Scan files downloaded from the Internet or other external sources.

Question 3. If your computer attacked by a trojan horse virus, what damage it may cause?
Answer: If your computer attacked by a trojan horse virus, it can:

Steal passwords
Copy sensitive data
Carry out any other harmful operations etc.

Question 4. Write minimum three ways by which a virus can spread to other systems.
Answer: Three ways by which a virus can spread to other systems are as follows:

When an infected file is copied through network.
When virus file is downloaded from Internet.
When infected file is copied from floppy disk, USB, DVD etc.

Question 5. Write any two tips to avoid spams. CBSE 2016
Answer: You can use the following guidelines to avoid spam, they are as follows:

Keep your E-mail address private.
Using appropriate filters to find and alter you about spam.

Question 6. What are the primary interest of online attackers in spyware?
Answer: Primary interest of online attackers in spyware is using it to steal personal information for financial crimes such as carding and identity theft or to sell that information to someone else who then executes more traditional financial crimes.

Question 7. What does an antivirus software do? CBSE 2014
or
What does an antivirus software do? Explain in brief with any two points. CBSE 2013
Answer:

Antivirus software is a computer program that detects, prevents and takes action to disarm or remove malicious software programs, such as viruses and worms.
Displays health of your computer system.

Question 8. What precaution you should take before copying file from an external storage media?
Answer: Precaution should be taken to run an antivirus program before copying any file from floppy disk, USB, DVD etc. Also, we have to run antivirus program weekly to scan all the drives in the system.

Question 9. List some commonly available antivirus programs.
Answer: Some of the commonly available antivirus programs in the market are as follows:

Symantec Norton antivirus
AVG antivirus
McAfee scan
Quick Heal

Question 10. Define information security.
Answer: Information security is all about protecting and preserving information. It’s all about protecting and preserving the confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, availability and reliability of information.

Question 11. Differentiate between full backup and differential backup.
Answer: Differences between full backup and differential backup are as follows:

Full backup	Differential backup
A complete backup of everything that you want to backup.	The backup software looks at which files have changed, since you last did a full backup.
Restoration is fast, since you only need one set of backup data.	Faster to create than a full backup.

Question 12. Write differences between online backup and offline backup. CBSE 2014
Answer: Differences between online backup and offline backup are as follows:

Online backup	Offline backup
You don’t have direct control over your data.	The data is totally in your control.
If you have a fire, flood, or theft, your backup is offsite so you don’t have to worry about it.	If you have a fire or flood, your backup might be damaged alongwith your computer.

Question 13. List two advantages of online backup. CBSE 2012, 2013
Answer: Two advantages of online backup are as follows:

By having your data stored on a remote hard drive, you run little as there is no risk of losing your data as a result of fire, theft or any other disaster.
No hardware is needed to maintain or repair the backup.

Question 14. Can firewalls detect virus?
Answer: Firewalls do not screen computer viruses.
As the location of firewalls is a good place for scanning, some firewalls has plug-in virus scanning module.
And some programs scan virus at a point either before or after a firewall.

Question 15. Mention three societal impacts of IT.
Answer: The societal impacts of IT are as follows:

Opportunities for people with disabilities through artificial intelligence.
Quality of life improvements due to E-Commerce over Internet.
Crime fighting and other benefits.

Question 16. Why should we frequently take backup of our data?
Answer: We frequently take backup of our data because

The hard drive of our computer may fail.
The data on our computer may get corrupted for a variety of reasons.
Data loss due to fire, natural disasters etc.

Question 17. Differentiate between digital certificate and digital signature. CBSE 2013
Answer: Differentiate between digital certificate and digital signature are as follows:

Digital certificate	Digital signature
Digital certificates are typically used in Websites to increase their trustworthiness to its users.	A digital signature is a mechanism that is used to verify that a particular digital document or a message is authentic.
Digital certificates are used, the assurance is mainly dependent on the assurance provided by the CA.	With digital signatures, the receiver can verify that the information is not modified.

Question 18. Name one specific software/tool for each of the following categories: CBSE 2011

Antivirus software
Data recovery tool
Online backup tool

Answer:

Antivirus software – Quick Heal
Data recovery tool – NTFS Reader
Online backup tool – Dropbox

Question 19. Give the three terms related to the following:

Attacks
Backup
Security software

Answer:

Attacks Trojan horse, Worm, Denial of Service.
Backup Online backup, Full backup, Differential backup.
Security software Digital signature, Firewall, Antivirus.

Question 20. Name four data backup devices/medium. CBSE 2016
Answer: Four storage media on which data backup may be taken are as follows:

DVD (Digital Versatile Disk)
External hard disk
USB flash drive
Memory stick

Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks each]

Question 1. What are the common symptoms of a virus attack?
Answer: Symptoms of Computer Viruses Attack
The list of symptoms of computer viruses attack, which indicate that your system is infected with a computer viruses are as follows:

Odd messages are displaying on the screen.
Some files are missing.
System runs slower.
PC (Personal Computer) crash or restart again and again.
Drives are not accessible.
Antivirus software will not run or installed.
Unexpected sound or music plays.
The mouse pointer changes its graphic.
Receive strange E-mails containing odd attachments or viruses.
PC starts performing functions like opening or closing windows, running programs on its own.

Question 2. What are the various measures that should be taken to prevent spyware from overtaking your system?
Answer: Preventions of Spyware
Due to the seriousness of spyware and the harm, it can affect your system and personal information, it is highly recommended you to take the given measures to prevent spyware from overtaking your system:

Download and install anti-spyware software: Most antivirus applications are effective in identifying different types of malware, including spyware, but may not detect all spyware variants. Once you install the anti-spyware software on your computer, you must keep your anti-spyware application updated to keep up with the latest forms of spyware.
Be cautious when Web surfing: The best defense against spyware is not to download it in the first place. Spyware is often installed on your computer when you visit an infected or malicious Website.

Therefore, you should exercise caution with links to Websites from unknown sources. In addition, you should only download programs from trustful Websites. When downloading a specific program, ensure that you are not downloading pirated software. Spyware can be distributed by exploits, that promote software piracy.

Lookout for pop-ups: Malware can lure you into installing spyware on your computer by prompting you with a pop-up window. If you see an unwanted or random pop-up alert, do not click “Agree” or “OK” button to close the pop-up window. This will actually install the malware on your computer. Instead, press Alt + F4 or click on the red “X” on the corner on the pop-up alert to close the window.
Keep current with operating system updates: Important system updates provide significant benefits such as improved security. Just as with any antivirus and anti-spyware software, not keeping up with operating system updates will make your PC vulnerable to the latest malware threats.
Harden your browser settings: Updated Web browsers may help to prevent exploitation by taking several defensive steps against spyware. Most Web browsers will warn you of executable programs and will suggest a safe course of action. In addition to having an updated Web browser, ensure that you have properly configured your browser and that all of your plug-ins and add-ons are updated, including Java, Flash and Adobe products.
Enable your firewall: Firewalls monitor the network and are capable of blocking suspicious traffic, which can prevent spyware from infecting your system.

Question 3. Differentiate between hackers and crackers.
Answer: Differences between hackers and crackers are as follows:

Hackers	Crackers
A hacker is a person intensely interested in the arcane and recondite working of any computer operating system.	A cracker is one who breaks into or otherwise violates the system integrity of remote machines with malicious intent.
Hackers obtain advanced knowledge of operating systems and programming languages.	Having gained unauthorised access, crackers destroy vital data, deny legitimate users service, or cause problems for their targets.
Hackers constantly seek further knowledge, freely share what they have discovered and never intentionally damage data.	Crackers can easily be identified because their actions are malicious.

Question 4. Explain SET, PCI and Kerberos.
Answer:

PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) is a computer bus for attaching hardware devices in a computer. These devices can take either the form of an integrated circuit fitted onto the motherboard itself, called a planer device in the PCI specification or an expansion card that fits into a slot.
SET (Secure Electronic Transaction) protocol, which is developed by Visa and Mastercard uses encryption for privacy and digital certificates to verify the three parties -the bank, the customer and the merchant. It ensures secure transactions online.
Kerberos is a third-party authentication that validates the clients over the network and provides secure communication or access to network resources.

Question 5. Write a short note on social networking.
Answer: It is a grouping of individuals into specific groups, like small rural communities or a neighbourhood subdivision, if you will. A social networking service is an online service, platform or site that focuses on facilitating the building of social networks or social relations among people.
e.g. people who share interests, activities, backgrounds or real life connections. When it comes to online social networking, Websites are commonly used. These Websites are known as Social Sites. The most popular social sites are currently Facebook, MySpace, Orkut etc.
These Websites provide users with simple tool to create a custom profile with text and pictures. Typical profile includes basic information about user, atleast one photo and possibly a blog or other comments published by the user. It may include videos, photos albums, online applications as in Facebook or custom layout (in MySpace). After creating a profile, user can send message to other users and leave comments directly on friends’ profiles.

Question 6. Write the benefits of ICT in education and healthcare.
Answer: Benefits of ICT
ICT has become an integral part of our daily life. And, it has benefited the common man in various ways in every field of life. Some of them are as follows:

In Education
The main purpose of the strategy for ICT implementation in education is to provide the prospects and trends of integrating ICT into the general educational activities.

Some benefits of ICT in education are as follows:

There is no time boundation on an individual for getting educated by a teacher. A person can attend a class anytime and anywhere.
Teachers can create interactive classes and make the lessons more interesting.
Generally, students find images and graphical representation of concepts, more interesting as compared, to the theoretical knowledge. And, using ICT, teachers can explain even the most complex concept in a very simplified manner using graphics, videos and animations.
An individual can learn on pace he/she is comfortable.
Learning resoures can be accessed remotely.

In Healthcare
Some benefits of ICT in healthcare are as follows:

Automated hospital information systems can help to improve quality of care.
Decreased costs of treatment.
ICT has significantly enhanced the services being provided and brought behavioural changes.
This technology helps doctors, hospitals, the general public and all other medical care providers.
Pharmaceutical industry is the industry that enjoys the biggest benefits of ICT.
ICT has made E-Health possible.

Question 7. “Virtual schools are better than traditional schools.” Write reasons to support this statement.
Answer: A virtual school is a learning environment offered entirely on the Internet. All student services and courses are conducted through Internet technology. The virtual school differs from the traditional school through the physical medium that links administrators, teachers and students. It refers to an institution that is not “brick and mortar” bound.

Advantages
The advantages of virtual schools are as follows:

Individualised instruction for all students.
Lessons can be taught in a way that benefits students with various learning abilities.
More time can be spent on lessons that are more difficult for students.
Flexibility for the students to learn whenever and wherever they want.
Students are self-directed and mature quicker as they manage their studies.
Students can access learning 24 hours a day and learn at their own pace.

Disadvantages
The disadvantages of virtual schools are as follows:

Undisciplined students will not succeed in the online environment.
Puts more stress on the parents to provide guidance and tutoring.
Parents need to monitor the student all day long as opposed to dropping the student at school where the student is monitored by teachers and staff.
Students are more isolated and might not developed properly socially.
Students would not receive personal one-on-one time with teachers.

Question 8. Give one word answer CBSE 2012

Another name for junk mails.
It is doing business online.
It is the crime committed using computers and Internet.
The programmer that breaks into secure systems with non-malicious intentions.
Type of malware that is installed on user’s computer and collects information about user without his consent.

Answer:

Spam
E-Business/E-Commerce
Cyber crime
Hacker
Spyware

Application Oriented Questions

Question 1. Amit installed an antivirus software to remove all the viruses from his computer.

What is antivirus software?
Name two actions performed by an antivirus software.

Answer:

Antivirus software is used to identify, prevent and take action against malicious programs, such as viruses and worms, by deactivating or deleting them.
Two actions performed by an antivirus software are as follows:
(a) Scanning E-mail messages and their attachments.
(b) Scanning and monitoring files and folders on your computer to ensure that they are not infected.

Question 2. It is an electronic messaging system used by various commercial organisations to send bulk messages to a large number of E-mail addresses. What is it?

E-mail
Spam
SMS
Adware

Answer: 2. Spam

Question 3. Shreenivasan is working for an IT firm where he needs to backup of his data of around 200 MB to 400 MB at the end of each day. Each day backup needs to archived separately for future reference. Suggest any two economic data backup devices, which he can use for this purpose.
Answer: DVD and Pen drive

Question 4. Mohan has downloaded few attachments in his mail to his system from Internet. When he opened those attachments there were multiple copies of the same file opened. After sometime his system got rebooted automatically. He is unable to find out why his system is not responding properly. Can you tell what happened to his system and give him some solutions? CBSE 2016
Answer: There is a virus (most likely worm) in Mohan’s computer, that has caused damage to data and files on his system. He should install antivirus software, such as Kaspersky, Quick Heal, McAfee etc., as the main defence against online problems. He should take backup of his files regularly.

Question 5. In a small office network, to protect every computer from hackers, virus or worm. Which statement do you think is True or False from the given options?

Set Firewall Turned ON
Install antivirus software.
Allow users to use external disk drives.
Download attachments from reliable source even without scanning. CBSE 2016

Answer:

True
True
False
False

Multiple Choice Questions [1 Mark each]

Q1. …………… stands for Malicious Software, is software designed to infiltrate a computer system without the owner’s informed consent. CBSE2011
(a) Blog
(b) Attachments
(c) Spam
(d) Malware
Answer: (d) Malware designed to interrupt ongoing computer operations, collect private information and gain unauthorised access to your system resources.

Q2. Which one of the following is not a malware? CBSE 2016
(a) Computer virus
(b) Spam
(c) Worm
(d) Application software
Answer: (d) Application software refers to the condition in which your computer stops working.
(a) Hang
(b) Virus attack
(c) Hacking
(d) None of these
Answer: (a) Hang refers to the condition in which your computer or a software stops working.

Q3. Which of the following is not a symptom of a virus attack?
(a) The computer begins to run slowly
(b) Unusual messages and graphics appear on the screen for inexplicable reasons
(c) Some programs or data files on the computer either become corrupt or are difficult to locate
(d) Your data is copied to another location
Answer: (d) Your data is copied to another location is not a symptom of a virus attack.

Q4. A good way to safeguard access to your computer is to protect it.
(a) Deadbolt
(b) Copyright
(c) Safemode
(d) Password
Answer: (d) Password is a good way to safeguard access to your computer to protect it.

Q5. Which of the following is the first computer virus?
(a) Brain
(b) Melissa
(c) Elk Cloner
(d) I Love You
Answer: (c) Elk Cloner is the first computer virus created by Richard Skrenta.

Q7. Out of the following, which one will be altered or modified by a computer virus? CBSE 2011
(a) Operating system
(b) Speed of network connectivity
(c) Application software
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above

Q8. Which one of the following is not a way to get a computer virus? CBSE 2016
(a) Through E-mail attachments
(b) Through pen drive
(c) By typing on keyboard
(d) By downloading files
Answer: (c) By typing on keyboard is not a way to get a computer virus.

Q9. The at first glance will appear to be useful software but will actually do damage once installed or run on your computer.
(a) worm
(b) virus
(c) trojan
(d) spam
Answer: (c) The trojans are unauthorised programs placed inside a legitimate application.

Q10. A …….. is a virus that is often disguised as a useful computer program. CBSE 2012
(a) trojan horse
(b) hacker
(c) worm
(d) spam
Answer: (a) Trojan horse is a virus, i.e. often disguised as a useful computer program.

Q11. A ……. is a software program that is designed to copy itself from one computer to another, without human intervention. CBSE 2011
(a) trojan
(b) vims
(c) worm
(d) spam
Answer: (c) A worm is a self-replicating software program. It does not require another program to host it.

Q12. Which of the following is not an example of worm?
(a) MS-Blaster
(b) Sobig
(c) De bumper
(d) Melissa
Answer: (c) De bumper is a type of trojan horse.

Q13. Which of the following statements is incorrect in the context of a worm?
(a) It represents a category of malware
(b) It creates infections in a computer
(c) It is self replicating
(d) It cannot travel on its own
Answer: (d) Worm is self replicating software and thus, it can travel on its own.

Q14. A category of software that spies of your computer activities is
(a) De-ware
(b) Spyware
(c) Utilities
(d) Freeware
Answer: (b) Spyware is a category of software that spies computer activities.

Q15. The electronic equivalent of junk mail is known as CBSE 2014
(a) adware
(b) cyber fraud
(c) spam
(d) packets
Answer: (c) Spam is an electronic equivalent of junk mail.

Q16. Which of the following is not antivirus software?
(a) Norton Antivirus
(b) Melissa
(c) McAfee
(d) SmartCop
Answer: (b) Melissa is a macro virus, not an antivirus.

Q17. To avoid problems while working on the Internet, you should follow these precautions.
(a) Install antivirus on your computer
(b) Take the backup of your files regularly
(c) Do not click on unknown links
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above

Q18. One limitation of antivirus programs is that they: CBSE 2016
(a) Sometimes start behaving like virus
(b) Are very expensive
(c) Harm the computer
(d) Can detect only those viruses for which they are programmed
Answer: (d) Antivirus can detect only those viruses for which they are programmed.

Q19. The programmers who break into secure systems for malicious purpose are CBSE 2014
(a) crackers
(b) hackers
(c) breakers
(d) burglars
Answer: (a) Crackers are the programmers that break into secure systems for malicious purpose.

Q20. A is someone who breaks into someone else’s computer system, often on a network; bypasses passwords or licenses in computer programs without malicious intent with a wish to learn and improve security.
(a) hacker
(b) cracker
(c) worm
(d) malware
Answer: (a) A hacker is a person who enjoys learning programming languages and about computer systems and their working.

Q21. A digital document issued to a Website by a certification authority on the Internet is called
(a) digital signature
(b) encryption
(c) digital certificate
(d) firewall
Answer: (c) A digital certificate is an electronic file that is issued by a certification authority to Websites.

Q22. You can transmit sensitive information, such as that relating to your credit card, by using
(a) PCI
(b) SET
(c) SSL
(d) Firewall
Answer: (c) SSL allows sensitive information such as credit card numbers to be transmitted securely.

23. Firewall:
(a) Amplifies weak outgoing signals to stronger ones
(b) Is the name of an open source browser
(c) Is the name of computer virus
(d) Prevents intruders from accessing your system
Answer: (d) A firewall can either be software based or hardware based and is used to prevent intruders from accessing your system.

Fill in the Blanks [1 Mark each]

Q1. ………… is the general term to refer to infectious software such as virus, worm, spyware etc.
Answer: Malware

Q2. A malicious program that is used to remove all information from your computer is known as ………
Answer: sweeper

Q3. A ……….. infects the files of the operating system.
Answer: boot sector virus

Q4. ……. and ………. are the two types of malware. CBSE 2011
Answer: Viruses, Worms

Q5. ……….. can decrease the space on hard disks by duplicating files.
Answer: Viruses

Q6. ……… is a program that appears harmless but actually performs malicious functions. CBSE 2014
Answer: Trojan horse

Q7. ……….. is a software program that is designed to copy itself from one computer to another. CBSE 2016
Answer: Worm

Q8. Unlike a computer virus, a ……….. can replicate itself automatically. CBSE 2011
Answer: worm

Q9. …………. is a type of malware that is installed on a user’s computer and collects information about user without their consent and knowledge. CBSE 2013
Answer: Spyware

Q10. Any crime committed using computers and Internet is termed as ………… CBSE 2013
Answer: cyber crime

Q11. ………. attack eats up all the resources of a system and halts it.
Answer: Denial of service

Q12. ……… is a computer program that detects, prevents and takes action to remove malicious software programs. CBSE 2016
Answer: Antivirus

Q13. Copy of data created for safe storage is …………
Answer: backup

Q14. ………… backup saves your data from natural disasters. CBSE 2012
Answer: Online

Q15. ……. is a type of backup in which only the data that changed, since last backup is saved.
Answer: Differential backup

Q16. A digital code attached to an electronic message to provide it unique identity is called ………… CBSE 2014
Answer: digital signature

Q17. ………. security technology establishes an encrypted link between a Web server and browser.
Answer: SSL

Q18. …… refers to the disparity of classification of person according to their knowledge of ICT and without it.
Answer: Digital divide

True or False [1 Mark each]

Q1. A virus may corrupt or delete data on your computer. CBSE 2011
Answer: True A virus may corrupt or delete data on your computer.

Q2. A virus is a harmful program, which one entering a computer, starts creating copies of itself.
Answer: True Virus is a malicious program that is designed to make a system sick, just like a real virus.

Q3. A worm is a self-replicating program which eats up the entire disk space. CBSE 2012
Answer: False Virus eats up the entire disk space.

Q4. Spyware is a type of malware but is not capable of collecting personal information. CBSE 2011
Answer: False Spyware is a type of malware used to collect personal information without his or her knowledge.

Q5. Adware is a ‘Software that posts unwanted advertisements on your computer.
Answer: True Adware is a software that is given to the user with unwanted advertisements embedded in the application.

Q6. Always scan the storage media before connecting it to your computer.
Answer: True You should always scan your storage media before connecting it to your computer.

Q7. SmartCop is an antivirus developed in India.
Answer: True SmartCop antivirus is developed in India.

Q8. Junk E-mails are also called spam. CBSE 2016
Answer: True E-mail spam, junk mail or junk newsgroup posting is a widely recognised form of spam.

Q9. Cracker is a person who breaks security to see what we have stored on our computers with mat intentions. CBSE 2016
Answer: True Cracker breaks security with mal intentions.

Q10. It is not necessary to regularly take back-up of important files. CBSE 2011
Answer: False A backup ensures that your computer data is protected or can be recovered.

Q11. CD is a storage device that is used to take the backup of your data.
Answer: True You can use different types of storage devices like CD, DVD to take the backup of your data.

Q12. You cannot keep the backup of your data online.
Answer: False In online backup, you send the data to a remote server through the Internet.

Q13. Backup is duplication of data for restoring purpose at a later time. CBSE 2014
Answer: True Backup is a process to copy the data and restore it, whenever required.

Q14. SET is a protocol developed by Visa and Mastercard.
Answer: True SET is a protocol developed by Visa and Mastercard. It ensures secure transactions over the Internet.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – Introduction to XML

May 20, 2022

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – Introduction to XML

Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark each]

Question 1. What do you mean by XML file?
Answer: XML file or XML document is a component of XML document system which contains the real data and its semantics.

Question 2. List the components of prolog.
Answer:

An XML Declaration
Processing Instructions (PI)
Document Type Definition (DTD)
Comments
White Spaces and New line

More Resources for CBSE Class 10

Question 3. By which we can describe the properties of elements?
Answer: The properties of elements can be described through attributes.

Question 4. Write the components of an XML file in terms of logical structure.
Answer: An XML file contains:

an optional prolog
a data instance

Question 5. How will you define an element in DTD contain plain text?
Answer: If an element should contain plain text, you define the element using #PCDATA. PCDATA stands for Parsed Character Data and is the way you specify non-markup text in your DTDs.

Question 6. What does XML parser do?
Answer: An XML parser basically checks whether a document is following XML standard or not.

Question 7. Which document is used to define the style of an XML document?
Answer: CSS is a text document (or stylesheet) that is commonly used to define the style and layout of an XML document.

Question 8. Can same CSS document be used in multiple XML documents?
Answer: Yes, the same CSS document can be used in multiple XML documents.

Question 9. Explain the usage of an XML parser. CBSE 2011
Answer: XML parser is a software used to read, write and update to an XML document. An XML parser converts an XML document into an XML DOM object.

Short Answer Type Questions [2 & 3 Marks each]

Question 1. What does it mean when we say that XML tags are case sensitive?
Answer: The case sensitivity of XML tags means, the opening and closing tags must be in the same case. The following codes is an example of a well-formed document, where the opening and closing tags are in the same case, i.e.
<Name>Amit </Name>

Question 2. List the important points to create an XML document.
Answer: The points while creating an XML documents are as follows:

XML documents must have starting and closing tags.
XML tags are case sensitive.
XML elements must be properly nested.
XML documents must have one root element.
The values of XML attributes must be enclosed in double quotes.

Question 3. Explain the utility of comments in XML.
Answer: A comment is a note or information that appears in the code of an XML document to help you understand the code better.
Comments are not displayed in the output. They are not part of the program and therefore, are not parsed by the XML parser.

Question 4. State whether the following XML document is well-formed or not
<Student> Mapoj </Student>
<Student> Ankur</Student>
Answer: The preceding XML document is not well-formed because it contains two root elements. An XML document contains only one root element.

Question 5. Name some languages, which are derived from XML.
Answer: Some languages are as follows:

Ink Markup Language (InkML)
Business Narrative Markup Language (BNML)
Financial Product Markup Language (FPML)
Virtual Human Markup Language (VHML) .
Architecture Description Markup Language (ADML)
Artificial Intelligence Markup Language (AIML)
Chess Markup Language (ChessML) etc.

Question 6. Define prolog and data instance.
Answer: The prolog is a preface or introduction to XML document. It can contain upto five optional components. The grammar structure of the XML document is defined under prolog. The data instance consists of real data and its description through elements. It is also known as body of XML document.

Question 7. Create XML markup to represent a message sent on 7 June, 2014 to Amit and Saurabh by Mohit. The message is “Submitted Successfully”.
Answer:

<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<message date="7/6/2014">
<sender> Mohit </sender>
<receiversXreceiver> Amit </receiver>
<receiver> Saurabh </receiver> </receivers>
<text> Submitted Successfully </text>
</message>

Question 8. Write the procedure to link a stylesheet with an XML document.
Answer: Using CSS with an XML Document
To link an XML document with a stylesheet perform the following steps:

Create an XML document and save it as a file with the .xml extension.
Create a stylesheet and save it as a file with the .css , extension.
Link both the files in the XML document by using the PI.
<?xml-stylesheet href = “test.css” type = “text/css”?>

e.g. The following is the CSS document: 
People
{
background-color : light green; 
display : block; 
padding : 5px; 
font-family : arial;
}
Person
{
background-color : pink; 
border : 2px solid black; 
display : block; 
margin-bottom : 5px;
Name
{
font-family : bold; 
display : block;
}
Birthdate 
{
display : block;
}
Eyes
{
display : block;
}
Now, save it as test.css
The following is the XML document:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type = "text/css" href = "test.css"?>
<People>
<Person>
<Name>A</Name>
<Birthdate>Jan 24, 1987</Birthdate>
<Eyes>Blue</Eiyes>
</Person>
<Person>
<Name>B</Name>
<Birthdate>Dec 15, 2009</Birthdate>
< Eyes >Brown</Eyes >
</Person>
</People>
Now, save it as test1.xml

Question 9. What do you mean by Processing Instructions (PI)?
Answer: PI can be used to pass information to applications in such a way that escapes most XML rules. Its main use is of linking to an XML stylesheet in the prolog of an XML document. Processing instructions do not have to follow much internal syntax, it can include markup characters without escaping them and can appear anywhere in the document.

Question 10. Explain child elements with an example.
Answer: The elements nested inside other elements are called child elements.
Consider the following code:

Question 11. Write the full form of CBSE 2014

XML
DTD
SGML
CSS

Answer: Full form of given terms are as follows:

XML extensible Markup Language
DTD Document Type Declaration
SGML Standardised Generalised Markup Language
CSS Cascading Style Sheet

Long Answer Type I Questions [5 Marks each]

Question 1. Explain two softwares which are used to validate XML documents.
Answer: Two important software that validate or process XML documents are as follows:

XML Validator are the software packages that check the XML document as per the specified DTD and give you feedback about the document.
Some XML validators are as follows:
(a) W3C XML Validator
(b) Tidy
(c) XML. com’s
(d) Brown University
XML Parsers are the software packages, which are part of bigger applications that provide XML support.
The role of an XML parser is to dissect a valid XML document to obtain actual data from the XML document. Some XML parsers are as follows:
(a) SAXfSimple API for XML)
(b) Expat
(c) LT-XML etc.

Question 2. Write an XML document that marks up the following data:
All these must be rendered. Use attribute to make the data more informative.

Answer:

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone = "yes"?>
<employees>
<employee EmpID = "e001">
<Name> Raj Kumar </Name>
<City> Delhi </City></employee>
<employee EmpID="e002">
<Name> Pankaj </Name>
<Ci ty> Mumbai </City></employee>
<employee EmpID="e003">
<Name> Rahul Sharma </Name>
<City> Delhi </City> </employee>
<employee EmpID="e004">
<Name> Praveen </Name>
<City> Noida </City></employee>
</employees>

Question 3. Compare XML with similar type of other languages.
Answer:

1. Comparing XML and SGML

XML	SGML
XML is a markup language.	SGML is a meta language used to define and describe generic markup language.
It does not include complex and optional features of SGML.	It is complex and requires overheads to use it.
XML allows creation of new tags to describe and present your data.	It is an ISO standard for specifying a set of tags,
XML allows data validation.	SGML does not allow data validation.
It describes the data and transfers data between applications.	It allows you to define and create platform-independent files.

2. Comparing HTML and XML

HTML	XML
HTML tags are predefined.	XML tags are not predefined.
HTML is case insensitive.	XML is case sensitive.
HTML is markup language that creates the form and appearance of the Web page.	XML is neither a programming nor a presentation language.

3. Comparing EDI and XML

EDI	XML
EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) is a collection of standards, formats and file layout.	XML is an emerging standard designed to simplify Web-based E-Commerce transactions between computer application.
EDI enables highly secure document exchanges.	XML document typically needs to be encrypted to maintain security level.
EDI documents are sent via private and relatively expensive Value Added Networks (VANs).	XML documents are generally sent via the Internet.
EDI does not processes low transaction values.	XML processes relatively low transaction values.
EDI allows companies to exchange electronic documents quickly between their trading partners.	XML allows you to create custom tags to present your document in a structured format.

Question 4. Consider the following XML document.
Check this for well- formedness.

<Employees><FirstName> Ambrish
<MiddleName> Kumar</FirstName>
</MiddleName>
<lastname> Garg </LastName>
</Employees>

Answer:

The above XML document is not well-formed.
The document suffers from two errors which are as follows:

Improper nesting The MiddleName element is opened inside the FirstName element, yet MiddleName is not closed before the FirstName element is closed.
Mismatched cases of start and end tags The tag <lastname> is closed with </LastName>, which is incorrect. XML is case sensitive, thus the end tag of <lastname> should be </lastname>.

Question 5. Explain the structure of XML document.
Answer: Structure of XML- File/Document
Every XML document includes both physical and logical structure which are as follows:

1. Physical Structure
It contains the actual data used in a document. The basic storage unit called entity, each of which may refer to other entities. An entity has a name and content. It contains references to other entities. There is a special entity called document entity or root, that serves as a main storage unit. XML processor always start document processing from that unit.
We have three classifications of entities, these are as follows:

Internal and External Entities
For internal entity, there is no separate physical storage object and the content of the entity is given in the declaration. It contained inside the document. If the entity is not internal, then it is an external entity.
General and Parameter Entities
General entities are entities which are used within the document content. In this specification, general entities are sometimes referred to with the unqualified entity, when this leads to no ambiguity. Generally, entities are declared and used differently. Parameter entities are parsed and used only in the DTD part of the XML document.
Parsed and Unparsed Entities
Parsed entities contain text that is referred as replacement text intended to be processed by the parser and is considered as an integral part of the document. Unparsed entities are resources that can be of any type including text objects. This type of entity is never process by parser.

2. Logical Structure
It is a template that enables the elements to be included in a document and in the order in which they have to be included.
The logical structure includes the basic components of the XML document. It indicates how a document is built, irrespective of what a document contains. The first structural element is prolog which is the base for the logical structure.
The structure of the document of example code:

Question 6. A well-formed document must have a root element. Explain with an example.
Answer: To create a well-formed XML document, it is necessary for it to have a root element. A root element is a unique element that contains all other elements in the XML document.
The XML document cannot contain more than one root element.
The following code is an example of a well-formed document:

<address>
<city> Delhi </city>
<state> Delhi </state>
<country> India </country>
</address>
Consider the same code written in the following way: 
<city> Delhi </city>
<state> Delhi </state>
<country> India </country>
The preceding code is not a well-formed document, since it does not contain a root element.

Question 7. Explain the difference between a well-formed and a valid XML documents. CBSE 2011
Answer:

1. Well-Formed XML Documents
A “Well-Formed” XML document means that document has the correct XML syntax.
The XML document that follows XML grammar rules is called well-formed document. A document that includes sequence of markup characters that cannot be parsed or are invalid cannot be well-formed. The following points are to be kept in mind for a valid XML document:

The document must contain atleast one element
The document must have a root element A root element is a unique element in the XML document, which contains the complete document.
The element must have the opening and the closing tags To close a tag, you need to prefix the forward slash with the normal tag.
XML tags must be closed properly There must be a proper closing tag. In XML, empty tags must end with a following slash.
XML elements must be properly nested The parent element has to be opened before the child element and closed after the child element.

This code is not well-formed because the root element (College) is closed before the parent element (Student).
XML tags are case sensitive XML tags are case sensitive means the opening and ending tags must be in the same case.
XML attribute values should be in double quotation marks The attribute value in an XML document should be enclosed in proper quotes.

2. Valid XML Document
A valid XML document is .not only a well-formed document but as well as they also checked error against a DTD or schema. DTD is a set of rules that defines what tags appear, what value those tags may contain and how the tags are related to each other in an XML document. Validation can be done only if the XML document has valid DTD. When an XML document is checked or parsed according to a particular structure or guidelines, the process is known as validation of the document.

Question 8. Define CSS. How to create a CSS file?
Answer: CSS is a simple design language intended to simplify the process of making Web pages presentable.
CSS is a type of stylesheet and this stylesheet consists of a list of rules. You can include a CSS in multiple XML documents that have the same data structure.

Syntax
selector
{
property: value; } Declaration Block
}

Creating a CSS File
To create a CSS file, you need to have all the style rules composed in it and save it with extension .css.

You can define the color in CSS by name as well as by code like green color may be written as #008000 or rgb(0,128,0).

Long Answer Type II Questions [10 Marks each]

Question 1. Write two points of difference in HTML and XML. Write three points of well-formed XML document. Write the code to create an XML document to present following data: CBSE 2016

Answer: Two points of difference between HTML and XML follows:

HTML	XML
HTML is a markup language that creates the form and appearance of the Web page.	XML is a text-based markup language for processing and displaying data in a structured format.
HTML documents are viewable in a browser.	XML documents can be viewed only if proper stylesheet file is also available alongwith XML file.

Three points of well-formed XML document are as follows:

The document must have a root element.
The element must have the opening and closing tags.
XML attributes values, should be in double quotation marks.

<?xml version ="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<Data><Datal>
<Furniture>Table</Furniture>
<Material >Wood</Material >
<Quantity>75</Quantity>
<Floor>1st</Floor>
</Datal>
<Datal>
<Furniture>Chair</Furniture>
<Materi al >Plastic</Materi al >
<Quantity>85</Quantity>
<Floor>IInd</Floor>
</Datal>
</Data>

Question 2. XML document structure can be divided in which two parts? What is meant by valid XML document (write three points)? Write the code to create an XML document to present following data: CBSE 2014

Answer: XML document structure can be divided into two parts as follows:

Well-formed XML document
Valid XML document

A valid XML document means to follow several terms, such as follows:

It is not only a well-formed document but as well as check error against a DTD.
It signifies that a document is well-formed.
It uses XML parser, XML validator for validation.

The XML code is
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<Employees>
<Employee>
<Name> Srishti </Name>
<Job> Programmer </Job>
<Department> Engineering </Department>
<Cubicle> 5E </Cubicle>
</Employee>
<Employee>
<Name> Aditi </Name>
<Job> Designer </Job>
<Department> Marketing </Department>
<Cubicle> 19T </Cubicle>
</Employee>
</Employees>

Question 3. Write two points of differences between XML and HTML. What is meant by a well-formed XML document (write two points)? Write the code to create an XML document with following data: CBSE 2013

Answer: The differences between XML and HTML are as follows:

HTML has predefined tags while XML has user-defined tags.
HTML document can be viewed directly by the Web browser while XML document cannot be viewed directly and need some proper stylesheet files.

A well-formed document means to follow several generic rules, such as follows:

XML document must contain atleast one element.
All tags must have the opening and closing tags as these XML tags are case sensitive.

The XML code is
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<Travels> <Travel>
<Designation> Singapore </Designation>
<Cost> 200000 </Cost>
<No_of_days> 8 </No_of_days>
<Mode_of_trans> Aeroplane </Mode_of_trans>
</Travel>
</Travel>
<Designation>Shimla</Designation>
<Cost> 10000 </Cost>
<No_of_days> 4</No_of_days>
<Mode_of_trans> Bus </Mode_of_trans>
</Travel></Travels>

Question 4. Explain with a help of an example, how root elements are placed in a XML document?
Answer: XML documents must contain one element that is the parent of all other elements. This element is called the root element. The root element encloses all other elements in XML. All other elements inside the root elements are the form of child element. The structure of the XML file should look like

<root>
<child>
<subchild>....</subchild>
</child>
</root>
e.g.
<company>
<employee>
<ecode> 101 </ecode>
<name> Rahul </name>
</employee>
<employee>
<ecode> 102 </ecode>
<name> Sahil </name>
</employee>
<employee>
<ecode> 103 </ecode>
<name> Muskan </name>
</employee>
</company>

You can see in the above example that the root element declared out here is <company> then comes the child element <employee> which in turn stores the <ecode> and <name> of the employee in the tags.

Application Oriented Questions

Question 1. Draw the XML tree for code given below: CBSE 2016

<Library>
<Books category="Thriller">
<Author>ABC</Author)
<Price>150</Price>
</Books>
<Books category="Fiction">
<Author>EFG</Author)
<Price>250</Price>
</Books>
</Library>

Answer: The XML tree is

Question 2. Draw the XML tree for the code given below: CBSE 2011

<MOVIES>
<ENGLISH>
<NAME> PLAYERS </NAME>
<DIRECTOR) ABC </DIRECTOR>
<PRODCOST> 50 Lakhs</PRODCOST>
</ENGLISH>
<HINDI>
<NAME> KHILADI </NAME>
<DIRECTOR> XYZ </DIRECTOR)
<PRODCOST> 70 Lakhs</PRODCOST>
</HINDI>
</MOVIES>

Answer: The XML tree is

Question 3. Write the DTD for the following XML document:

<Examples>
 <example>
 <name> CSS example </name>
 <url> http://www.google.com </url>
 </example>
 <example>
 <name> DTD example </name>
 <url> http://www.google.com </url>
 </example>
 </Examples>

Answer:

<?xml version = "1.0" standalone = "yes"?>
<!DOCTYPE Examples![
<!ELEMENT Examples (example)>
<! ELEMENT example (name, url )>
<!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)>
<! ELEMENT url (#PCDATA)>
]>

Question 4. Vallesoft Pvt. Ltd has designed and developed a Website that will be displayed differently in each of the continents. It has decided to use XML instead of HTML to develop the Website.
(i) A developer has written some XML code. Which of the following XML code fragments is well-formed?

<channel> <time> STAR TV 9.00 PM </channel> </time>
<Description> Family Drama </description>

(ii) Correct all the mistakes in the XML code fragments that are not well-formed given in part (i).
(iii) Design an XML tree for the following XML code:

<program>
<channel> STAR TV </channel>
<time> 9.00 PM </time>
<day> Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday </day> 
<description> Family Drama </description>
</program>

Answer:

(i) None of the given code fragments are well-formed.
(ii) The correct code is:

<channel> <time> STAR TV 9.00PM </time> </channel>
<Description> Family Drama </Description>

(iii) The XML tree is

Question 5. Draw the XML tree for the code given below: CBSE 2011

< DIET>
<MORNING>
<CEREAL> OATS </CEREAL>
<FRUIT> PAPAYA </FRUIT>
<LIQUID> TEA </LIQUID> </MORNING>
<AFTERNOON>
<CEREAL> BRAN </CEREAL>
<FRUIT> APPLE </FRUIT>
<LIQUID> JUICE </LIQUID>
</AFTERNOON>
</DIET>

Answer: The XML tree is

Question 6. Draw the XML tree for the code given below: CBSE 2014

<employees>
<employee sex = "male">
<name>
<first> Harry </first>
<last> Potter </last>
</name>
</employee>
<employee sex = "female">
<name>
<first> Linda </first>
<1ast> Ray </last>
</name>
</employee>
</employees>

Answer: The XML tree is

Question 7. Draw the XML tree for the code given below: CBSE 2013

<bookstore> 
<book>
<title> ABC of Computers </title>
<author> A. Gandhi </author>
<year> 2005 </year>
<pri ce> 29.99 </pri ce></book>
<book>
<title> Learning XML </title>
<author> Erik T. Ray </author>
<year> 2003 </year>
<price> 39.95 </price>
</book>
</bookstore>

Answer: The XML tree is

Question 8. Create a DTD for storing book information for a library. The DTD should contain details about each book in terms of title, author (name), number of copies, all of which can store character data. The number of copies should contain two attributes named ‘inhand’ and issued which are both mandatory.
Answer:

<?xml version = "1.0">
<!DOCTYPE LIBRARY [
<!ELEMENT LIBRARY (BOOK +)>
<!ELEMENT BOOK (TITLE, AUTHOR, NOC)>
<!ELEMENT AUTHOR (NAME)>
<!ELEMENT TITLE (# PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT NAME (# PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT NOC (# PCDATA)>
<! ATTLIST NOC INHAND ISSUED CDATA # REQUIRED>
]>

Multiple Choice Questions [1 Mark each]

Q1. XML uses CBSE 2016
(a) Only 5 tags
(b) Predefined tags
(c) Custom tags
(d) HTML tags
Answer: (c) XML uses user defined or custom tags.

Q2. XML was not designed to CBSE 2013
(a) display Web pages
(b) store data
(c) carry data
(d) Both (b) and (c)
Answer: (a) XML was designed to store and carry data, not to display Web pages.

Q3. A root element is
(a) a bridge between HTML and XML
(b) the parent of all other elements
(c) child element of the parent
(d) None of the above
Answer: (b) A root element is the parent of all other elements.

Q4. An XML document can be viewed in a CBSE 2014
(a) Word processor
(b) Web browser
(c) Notepad
(d) None of these
Answer: (b) An XML document can be viewed in a Web browser.

Q5. Name the root element in the following XML document: CBSE 2011

<father>
<child1>
<name> Megha </name>
<age> 12 </age>
</child1>
<child2><name > Mana </name>
<age> 15 </age>
</child2>
</father>

(a) child 1
(b) child2
(c) father
(d) name
Answer: (c) father is the root element.

Q6. Which of them is the correct statement?
(a) An XML elements must have a closing tag.
(b) An XML elements must be lowercase.
(c) An XML documents must have a DTD.
(d) All of the above
Answer: (a) An XML elements must have a closing tag.

Q7. Which is not a correct name for an XML element?

(a) <xmldocument>
(b) <7eleven>
(c) <phone_number>
(d) <root>

Answer: (b) <7eleven> is not a correct name for an XML element.

8. XML allows you to CBSE 2012
(a) create new tags
(b) arrange your tags in any order
(c) closing tags are not required
(d) All of the above
Answer: (b) XML allows you to arrange your tags in any order.

9. Which one of these is correct syntax of the declaration, that defines the XML version?

(a) <?xml version = "1.0"?>
(b) <?xml version = "1.0">
(c) </xml version = ”1.0">
(d) <xml version = "1.0"?>

Answer: (a) <?xml version = “1.0”?> is a correct syntax of the declaration.

10. The way of describing XML data is
(a) XML uses XSL to describe data
(b) XML uses a description node to describe data
(c) XML uses a DTD to describe the data
(d) None of the above
Answer: (c) XML uses a DTD to describe XML data.

11. Which of the following is a prolog component? CBSE 2011
(a) Element
(b) Tab
(c) White space
(d) All of these
Answer: (a) Element is a prolog component.

12. PI is a component of
(a) prolog
(b) data instance
(c) element
(d) root element
Answer: (a) PI is a component of prolog.

13. To link an XML document with a stylesheet, you need to
(a) use the PI component in the XML document
(b) use the document declaration component in the XML document
(c) add the tag in the XML document
(d) None of the above
Answer: (a) To link an XML document with a stylesheet, you have to use the PI component in the XML document.

14. The XML document is like a
(a) tree structure
(b) inverted tree structure
(c) flat structure
(d) None of the above
Answer: (a) The xml document is like a tree structure.

15. What does XML stand for? CBSE 2016
(a) Extra Markup Language
(b) extensible Markup Language
(c) Example Markup Language
(d) None of the above
Answer: (b) extensible Markup Language

16. What does DTD stand for? CBSE 2016
(a) Dynamic Type Definition
(b) Dynamic Type Declaration
(c) Document Type Declaration
(d) Document Type Definition
Answer: (c) Document Type Declaration

17. In XML, value of attribute must appear CBSE 2016
(a) in uppercase
(b) in brackets
(c) in quotes
(d) in lowercase
Answer: (c) in quotes

18. DTD definition is used alongwith XML to specify CBSE 2014
(a) the presentation of XML document
(b) the links with other documents
(c) the structure of XML document
(d) None of the above
Answer: (c) DTD definition is used alongwith XML to specify the structure of XML document.

Q19. Valid XML document means CBSE 2016
(a) the documents has one root element
(b) the document contains atleast one or more root elements
(c) the XML document has a DTD associated with it and it compiles with that DTD
(d) each element must nest inside any enclosing element properly
Answer: (c) Valid XML document check errors and has DTD or schema and compiles to it.

20. Comments in XML are
(a) having the same syntax as that of comments in HTML
(b) used to add additional notes
(c) not displayed on the final Web page
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above

21. Comment in XML can be given by: CBSE 2016

(a) <?-->
(b) <!-- >
(c) <?!-->
(d) <!?-->

Answer: (b) <!–>

22. Which of the following XML fragments are well-formed? CBSE 2014

(a) < element attribute = value >
(b) < element attribute = "value" >
(c) < element attribute = !value >
(d) < element attribute ='value'>

Answer: (b) < element attribute = “value” > all well-formed.

23. How is an empty element defined in XML?

(a) <name> </name>
(b) <name/>
(c) name/
(d) All of these

Answer: (b) The empty tag name is followed by <name/>

24. Is this, a “well-formed” XML document? CBSE 2011

<?xml version = "1.0"?> 
<note>
<to age="29"> Tove </tO>
<from> Jani </from>

(a) Yes
(b) No
(c) Cannot be determined without the DTD
(d) None of the above
Answer: (b) No, because </tO> is not a correct element and element is not closed.

25. Well-formed XML document means
(a) it contains a root element
(b) it contains an element
(c) it contains one or more elements
(d) must contain one or more elements and root elements
Answer: (d) Well-formed XML document must contain one or more elements and root element must contain all other elements.

26. An XML parser is used to
(a) extract data from the XML file and build tree like structure.
(b) check whether or not an XML document is well-formed.
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above
Answer: (b) Check whether or not an XML document is well-formed.

27. An XML document that follows the XML syntax is called a CBSE 2010
(a) valid XML document
(b) well-formed XML document
(c) correct XML document
(d) All of the above
Answer: (b) well-formed XML document

28. Which of the following is not an online XML validator?
(a) W3C validation service
(b) Tidy
(c) XML.com’s
(d) expat
Answer: (d) expat is an online XML parser not an online XML validator.

29. What makes XML more powerful than HTML?
(a) The fact that it’s supported by all of the major software vendors.
(b) Not as much coding is needed.
(c) Its ability to adopt to new uses.
(d) None of the above
Answer: (c) XML is more powerful than HTML because we can define our own tags for different uses in XML.

30. HTML and XML are
(a) markup languages
(b) programming languages
(c) system softwares
(d) utilities
Answer: (a) Both HTML and XML are markup languages.

Fill in the Blanks [1 Mark each]

Q1. ……… is used to define the structure of an XML document.
Answer: DTD

Q2. XML is subset of ……….. . CBSE 2016
Answer: SGML

Q3. An XML attribute is a ………. of an element.
Answer: property >

Q4. XML attribute values should always be enclosed in ………… . CBSE 2014
Answer: double quotes

Q5. ……….. are the building blocks of an XML document and are represented by using tags.
Answer: Elements

Q6. The combination of XML document, DTD and stylesheet is known as ………. .
Answer: XML document system

Q7. An element can be written without the end tag.
Answer: empty

Q8. An attribute is a ……….. pair contained in the start tag of the element.
Answer: name-value

Q9. In all XML documents, the ………….. element is the parent of all other elements. CBSE 2011
Answer: root

Q10. All XML documents must have one element. CBSE 2011, 2014
Answer: root

Q11. ………. refers to the preface to an XML document.
Answer: Prolog

Q12. In XML, ……….. cannot contain multiple values. CBSE 2016
Answer: attributes

Q13. You can validate an XML document by using the XML validator and …………… .
Answer: XML parser

Q14. A ………… confirms to all the XML guidelines.
Answer: well-formed document

Q15. An XML document has both a ……….. structure and a ………….. structure.
Answer: physical, logical

Q16. We need a/an ………….. to create and edit an XML document. CBSE 2013
Answer: XML parser

Q17. ……… is a text document that is commonly used to define the style and layout of an XML document.
Answer: CSS

Q18. The ……….. is an XML element to which the CSS style is applied.
Answer: selector

Q19. ……….. is used to describe data and ……….. is used to display data. CBSE 2012
Answer: XML, HTML

True or False [1 Mark each]

Q1. XML is used to define other languages.
Answer: True XML is a meta language, which is used to define other languages.

Q2. XML is case sensitive. CBSE 2014
Answer: True XML is case sensitive, while HTML is not case sensitive.

Q3. XML is widely used for storing data.
Answer: True XML is used to describe data and storing data.

Q4. XML is extensible Meta Language. CBSE 2012
Answer: False XML is not an extensible Meta Language. It is extensible Markup Language.

Q5. A tag only consists of opening angular bracket.
Answer: False A tag consists of opening as well as closing angular brackets (<>).

Q6. XML is a platform-independent language.
Answer: True XML can run on all platforms, so it is platform-independent language.

Q7. The root element is a parent element of all other elements in data instance.
Answer: True The root element is an element that contains all other elements in XML document.

Q8. The values of the attributes are enclosed in double question marks.
Answer: False The values of the attributes are enclosed in double quotation marks.

Q9. A special character can be defined as a short name given to a set of information.
Answer: True When a special character is used in an XML document, it expands to its full definition.

Q10. XML is design to describe data.
Answer: True The focus of XML is on the description of data, not its presentation.

Q11. DTD is a set of rules that defines what tags appear in an HTML document. CBSE 2014
Answer: False DTD is used in XML documents.

Q12. An XML document can have only limited number of child elements.
Answer: False XML document can have unlimited number of child elements.

Q13. Pseudo attributes are the settings that appear in prologs.
Answer: True Pseudo attributes describe the overall document.

Q14. Names in XML document must start either with a letter, number or underscore.
Answer: False Names in XML must start either with a letter or underscore character.

Q15. XML uses a DTD to describe its data to users.
Answer: True The DTD are used in XML to specify its information and data to users.

Q16. In XML, tag names cannot contain spaces but can uses underscores.
Answer: True Tag name must start either with a letter or underscore (_) character.

Q17. In XML, every opening tag may not have a closing tag. CBSE 2013
Answer: False Every tag must contain the opening and closing tag.

Q18. Extension of an XML files is .html.
Answer: False html is the extension of HTML file. An XML file extension is .xml.

Q19. One of the attributes of XML tag is Type.
Answer: True type is a attribute of XML tag.

Q20. Comments are displayed in the output.
Answer: False Comments are not displayed in the output.

Q21. XML document must have one root element. CBSE 2016
Answer: True XML document must have one root element.

Q22. Physical structure includes the actual data of an XML file.
Answer: True Physical structure stores actual data in the form of entity.

Q23. A valid XML document that follows all grammar rules is well-formed document.
Answer: True A well-formed XML document means that the document has the correct XML syntax and follows proper grammar rules.

Q24. Both HTML and XML are markup language used to format data. CBSE 2011
Answer: False XML is used to describe data, while HTML is used to format data.

Q25. HTML is about displaying information while XML is about describing information.
Answer: True HTML was designed to describe data with focus on how data look while XML was designed to describe data with focus on what data is.

Category: Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – Internet Basics

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – Microsoft Access

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – HTML (HyperText Markup Language)

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – Database Concepts

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – Working with Tables in HTML

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – Internet Services

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – Inserting Images and Links in HTML

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – Societal Impacts of IT

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – Introduction to XML