CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Tense

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Tense

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Tense

Tense shows time and the extent of the work.

Types of Tense
cbse-class-7-english-grammar-tense-1

Present Tense Simple Present Tense
When the work or its extent seems indefinite/uncertain then it is simple present,
e.g.

  1.  She reads a book.
  2.  We play chess.

In the above two sentences, extent of work is uncertain because we do not have any idea that how much of the book has been read or when the game finishes.

Structure
Affirmative: Subject + V1 / V1 + s/es + Object
Negative: Subject + do/does + not + V1 + Object
Interrogative: do/does + Subject + V1 + Object + ?
cbse-class-7-english-grammar-tense-2

Uses of Simple Present Tense

  1.  To show a habit or a routine activity.
    e.g.

    1. I read newspaper daily. (Habit)
    2. She goes to office at 9 am. (Routine)
  2.  To show a universal truth or general truth.
    e.g.

    1. The Sun rises in the East. (Universal truth)
    2. Delhi is the capital of India. (General truth)
  3.  To write imperative sentences.
    e.g.

    1. Feed the cattle.
    2. Do not be so unkind.
  4. To show running commentary.
    e.g.

    1. Sachin bats for India against the Australia.
    2. The footballer comes fast, kicks the ball and
      it’s a goal.

Present Continuous Tense
When the action is going on at the time of speaking then it is in present continuous,
e.g.

  1.  Radha is dancing in the hall.
  2.  Leader is delivering the speech.

In the above sentences, the act of dancing and delivering are going on at the moment. Hence, the two sentences are in present continuous tense.

Structure
Affirmative: Subject + is/am/are+V1 + ing+ Object
Negative: Subject + is/am/are + not + V1 + ing + Object
Interrogative: is/am/are + Subject + V1 + ing + Object + ?
Note:
Is — He, she, it, singular nouns
Am — I
Are — We, you, they, plural nouns

Uses of Present Continuous Tense

  1.  To show a habit or a custom.
    e.g.

    1. She is doing her job well. (Habit)
    2. India is suffering from the evils of dowry. (Custom)
  2.  To show a transitory/temporary situation.
    e.g.

    1. Mamta is washing the dishes.
    2. Sarala is cooking beans.
  3. To show an action that is going on at the time of speaking.
    e.g.

    1. He is reading a good story now.
    2. Maya is jumping in the garden.
  4. To show an action that will take place in the near future.
    e.g.

    1. PM is visiting Nepal the next week.
    2. I am going to my village on Monday.

Present Perfect Tense
If the work has been completed, but it is not very long time to its completion, then present perfect tense is used,
e.g.

  1.  Mukesh has returned from the office.
  2.  We have developed a new method.

In the above sentences, the two work has just completed. So, they are in present perfect tense.

Structure
Affirmative: Subject + has/have + V3 + Object
Negative: Subject + has/have + not + V3 + Object
Interrogative: Has/have + Subject + V3 + Object + ?
Note:
Has — He, she, it, singular nouns
Have — I, we, you, they, plural nouns

Uses of Present Perfect Tense

  1.  To show an action that has been completed.
    e.g.

    1. We have taken our meal.
    2. They have left no work.
  2. To show an experience of the past.
    e.g.

    1. We have gone to Manali thrice.
    2. Dowry has taken the lives of many.
  3.  To show an action that was going on in the past and still going on.
    e.g.

    1. I have lived here for a year.
    2. She has known the poet for two years.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense
If the work has initiated in the past, presently it is going on and will continue a bit longer from now, then the sentence is in present perfect continuous tense,
e.g.

  1.  I have been doing grammar since January.
  2.  We have been playing cricket for an hour.

In the above sentences, the actions of doing and playing have started in the past, they are still going on in the present. Therefore, these are present perfect continuous.

Structure
Affirmative: Subject + has/have + been + V1+ ing + Object + since/for + time denotion
Negative: Subject + has/have + not + been + V1+ ing + Object + since/for + time denotion
Interrogative: Has/ Have + subject + been + V1 + ing + Object + since/for + time denotion + ?
cbse-class-7-english-grammar-tense-3

Ues of Present perfect Continuous Tense
To show an action that has started in the past and still going on which will end in the near or later future.
e.g.

  1.  Mayank has been singing a song since,8 o’clock.
  2.  Radha has been listening to music for 3 hours.

Past Tense

Simple Past Tense
Work that is finished in the past and there is a complete indication of the time like yesterday, never, last, ago, 1947, yesternight etc. e.g.

  1.  I went to park yesterday.
  2.  She did the work last week.

In the above two sentences, the work has ended in the past and there is a reference of time with the completion. So, these two are in the simple past tense.

Structure
Affirmative: Subject + V2 + Object
Negative: Subject + did + not + V1 + Object
Interrogative: Did + Subject + V1 + Object + ?

Use of Simple Past Tense

  1. To show a habit in the past.
    1. India always supported the peace.
    2. Buddha always preached the wisdom.
  2. To show an action that took place in the past.
    1. India won the match yesterday.
    2. She took her first music class last day.

Past Continuous Tense
If the work was continued in the past then it is in past continuous tense.
e.g.

  1.  Mayuri was dancing in the party.
  2.  The leaders were quarrelling in the Parliament.

In the above two sentences the action of dancing and quarrelling were going on in the past.

Structure
Affirmative: Subject + was/were + V1 + ing+Object
Negative: Subject + was/were + not + V1 + ing + Object
Interrogative: was/were + subject + V1 + ing+Object
Note: Was I, he, she, it, singular nouns Were We, you, they, plural nouns

Uses of Past Continuous Tense

  1.  To show an action continued in the past.
    e.g.

    1. They were ringing the phone continuously,
    2. She was taking things from her brother.

Past Perfect Tense
Actions which were finished in the past before the start of any other work in the past,
e.g.

  1.  Seema had left for Jaipur.
  2.  Madhu had developed the method.

Structure
Affirmative: Subject + had + V3 + Object
Negative: Subject + did + not + V3 + Object
Interrogative: Did + Subject + V3 + Object + ?

Uses of Past Perfect Tense

  1.  When two actions in past took place one after another, then the first action is said in past perfect tense and the second action in simple past tense.
    e.g.

    1. I reached the place after he had left.
    2. She had seen me before she called me.
  2.  To show an action of remote past.
    e.g.

    1. Einstein had died after the world war.
    2. She had done all good in her childhood.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense
If an action started in the past, continued in the past and then gets done in the past then it is in past perfect continuous tense.
e.g.

  1.  Seema had been collecting seeds of flowers for
    the whole day when I went to her.
  2.  Kapil Dev had been playing for India for many years when my father met him.

Structure
Affirmative: Subject+had+been + V1 + ing + Object + since/for + time denotion
Negative: Subject + had + not + been + V1 + ing + Object + since/for + time denotion
Interrogative: Had + Subject + been + V1 + ing + Object + since/for + time denotion + ?

Future Tense

Simple Future Tense
The work that has been scheduled in the future to take place is called simple future,
e.g.

  1.  We shall play a game.
  2.  You will read a poem.

Structure
Affirmative: Subject + shall/will + V1 + Object
Negative: Subject + shall/will + not + V1 + Object
Interrogative: Shall/will + Subject + V1 + Object + ?
Note:
Shall — I, we, they, plural nouns
Will — You, he, she, it, singular nouns
However ‘will’ can be used with every subject since the use of ‘shall’ has become outdated now.

Uses of Simple Future

  1.  To show an action that is scheduled in the near future.
    e.g.

    1. She will go to school tomorrow.
    2. I shall come to office next week.
  2.  To show a strong possibility.
    e.g.

    1. Mr Kapoor will win the election.
    2. His hard work will pay him off.

Future Continuous Tense
A work that will be going on at some specified time in the future is said to be in future continuous tense,
e.g.

  1.  It will be raining in September.
  2.  We shall be playing tomorrow morning.

Structure
Affirmative: Subject + shall/will + be + V1 + ing + Object
Negative: Subject + shall/will + not + be + V1 + ing + Object
Interrogative: shall/will + Subject + Be + V1 + ing + Object + ?
Note:
Shall — I, we, they, plural nouns
Will — He, she, it, you, singular nouns

Uses of Future Continuous Tense

  1.  To show an action that will be going on in the future at a certain point of time.
    e.g.

    1. She will be playing tomorrow morning.
    2. Raman and Suman shall be playing games in their house.
  2.  It is also used for actions taking place in near future the same way as simple future tense is used.

Future Perfect Tense
Action that would be completed upto a certain point of time in the future is of future perfect tense.
e.g.

  1. She will have completed her graduation by 2017.
  2.  I shall have finished my work by 3 o’clock.
  3.  We shall have brought the black money back upto 2019.

Structure
Affirmative: Subject+shall/will + have+ V3 + Object
Negative: Subject + shall/will + not + have + V3 + Object
Interrogative: shall/Will + Subject + have + V3 + Object + ?

Uses of Future Perfect Tense
To show an action that will be completed in future at a certain point of time.
e.g.

  1.  They shall have prepared all the charts for the meeting.
  2.  Leader will have delivered the speech in the peace summit.

Future Perfect Continuous Tense
When an action that will start in future and will last for a certain period in future, then it is of future perfect continuous tense.
e.g.

  1.  Sagar will have been arranging all his books on shelf since morning tomorrow.
  2.  You will have been doing your sums for three hours tomorrow.

Structure
Affirmative: Subject + shall/will + have + been + V1 + ing + Object + since/for + time denotion
Negative: Subject + shall/will + not + have + been+V1 + ing+Object + since/for+time denotion
Interrogative: Shall/will + subject + have + been + V1 + ing+Object+since/for+time denotion + ?

Uses of Future Perfect Continuous Tense
To show an action that will start in future and will be going on in future and is scheduled to end at some point in the future.
e.g.

  1.  Vaibhav will have been playing cricket in the ground for three hours.
  2.  They shall have been making fun of the poor boy since his arrival there.

Practice Questions and Solutions

Question 1:
Fill in the blanks with either first form (V1) or (V1 + s/es) of the verbs.

  1.  She ……………. on the ground. (Jump)
  2.  We ……………. cricket daily. (Play)
  3.  Phone ……………. loudly in the hall. (Ring)
  4.  You ……………. to the park often. (Go)
  5.  Hard work ……………. in the long-run. (Pay)

Solution:

  1.  jumps
  2.  Play
  3.  rings
  4.  go
  5.  pays

Question 2:
Fill in the blanks with ‘do’ or ‘does’.

  1.   ……………. we play often?
  2.   ……………. the farmer work hard?
  3.  She ……………. not pay attention to studies.
  4.  I ……………. not hurt anybody.
  5.   ……………. they love us?

Solution:

  1.  Do
  2.  Does
  3.  does
  4.  do
  5.  Do

Question 3:
Fill in the blanks with is/am/are and using the correct form of verb given in bracket.

  1.  I ……………. not ……………. a letter these days. (Write)
  2.  ……………. we ……………. noodles now? (Eat)
  3.  You ……………. not ……………. the book properly. (Read)
  4.  He ……………. a poem to please me. (Write)
  5. ……………. she …………….  to make a practice? (Dance)

Solution:

  1.  am, writing
  2.  Are, eating
  3.  are, reading
  4.  is, writing
  5.  is, dancing

Question 4:
Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate option from the following.

  1.  Vaibhav is looking for a job …………….
    (a) yesterday       (b) these days
    (c) next year        (d) at 8 pm
  2.  Sarita has been watching TV ……………. morning.
    (a) from               (b) for
    (c) since               (d) yet
  3.  Annie ……………. his parents to the UK this year
    (a) was taking
    (b) took
    (c) is taking
    (d) had taken
  4.  Mr Chopra ……………. all his wealth by 2018.
    (a) finishes
    (b) will have finished
    (c) will be finished
    (d) finishing
  5.  I thought you might be awaiting my call. Therefore I ……………. you.
    (a) am called                  (b) have been calling
    (c) am being called       (d) have called

Solution:

  1.  (b)
  2.  (c)
  3.  (c)
  4.  (b)
  5.  (d)

Question 5:
Fill in the blanks with the the correct form of verbs.

  1.  Where did you ……………. the bag?
    (a) left                   (b) leaving
    (c) leave               (d) was leaving
  2.  The monsoon ……………. recently making the environment green and beautiful.
    (a) started           (b) has started
    (c) starting         (d) is starting
  3.  Latika ……………. a sweate’r for her baby for two months.
    (a) is weaving
    (b) has woven
    (c) weaved
    (d) has been weaving
  4.  Kunti ……………. the puzzle before the teacher explained it on black board.
    (a) had solved         (b) is solved
    (c) is solving           (d) has been solving
  5.  Mayuri was waiting for you here. She ……………. just now.
    (a) left                     (b) is leaving
    (c) has left              (d) leaving

Solution:

  1.  (c)
  2.  (b)
  3.  (d)
  4.  (a)
  5.  (c)

Question 6:
Fill in the blanks with the verb forms that is suitable using one of the helping verbs out of has/have.

  1.  Madan and Kundan ……………. with joy. (Dance)
  2.  I ……………. not ……………. my work on time. (Finish)
  3.  Sita ……………. not ……………. a song today. (sing)
  4.  ……………. you ……………. your duty effectively? (Do)
  5.  ……………. Prem ……………. at you in the morning today? (Laugh)

Solution:

  1.  have, danced
  2.  have, finished
  3.  has, sung
  4.  Have, done
  5.  Has, laughed

Question 7:
Fill in the blanks given in the sentences by using the structure of present perfect continuous tense. Use the verbs given in the brackets.

  1.  Chandan ……………. a letter three ……………. hours. (Write)
  2.  Mohan ……………. not ……………. his work this July. (Do)
  3.  ……………. Maya ……………. a picture ……………. 7 pm? (Paint)
  4.  Police ……………. to catch the thieves ……………. two months. (Try)
  5.  Government ……………. not ……………. attention to farmer’s problem …………….. five years. (Pay)

Solution:

  1.  has been writing, for
  2.  has, been doing, since
  3.  Has, been painting, since
  4.  have been trying, for
  5.  has, been paying, for

Question 8:
Fill in the blanks using correct verb form given in the bracket according to the simple past.

  1.  She ……………. the hall immediately. (Leave)
  2.  They ……………. not ……………. to park yesterday. (Go)
  3.  ……………. you ……………. me in the evening? (Call)
  4.  My parents ……………. me the good values. (Teach)
  5.  Sameera …………….  not ……………. that project then. (Approve)

Solution:

  1.  left
  2.  did, go.
  3.  Did, call
  4.  taught
  5.  did, approve

Question 9:
Fill in the blanks using correct form of past continuous tense. Use the verbs given in the bracket alongwith was/were.

  1.  Fishes ……………. in the river. (Swim)
  2.  Waiter ……………. not ……………. the food. (Serve)
  3.  ……………. he ……………. his. (Do)
  4.  People ……………. in the temple. (Pray)
  5.  Tiger …………….. not ……………. the deer. (Chase)

Solution:

  1.  were swimming
  2.  was, serving
  3.  Was, doing
  4.  were, praying
  5.  was, chasing

Question 10:
Fill in the blanks with suitable verb forms according to the structure of past perfect tense.

  1.  I ……………. (receive) your message before I reached.
  2.  The meeting started after we …………….(enter) the hall.
  3.  Chintu …………….(read) the book earlier before his cousin gifted him with the same.
  4.  Nida started speaking after the teacher …………….(finish) with his points.
  5.  Riddhi and I …………….. already …………….(discuss) this in the class.

Solution:

  1.  had received
  2.  had entered
  3.  had read
  4.  had finished
  5.  had, discussed

Question 11:
Fill in the blanks using suitable verb form according to the structure of past perfect continuous tense.

  1.  She ……………. in that school since 1977. (Teach)
  2.  Farmers ……………. not ……………. for five years. (Farm)
  3.  Actors ……………. blankets for three hours. (Donate)
  4.  Rats ……………. not ……………. in the house since Monday.(Run)
  5. …………….  the people ……………. for him for two election periods? (Vote)

Solution:

  1.  had been teaching
  2.  had, been farming
  3.  had been donating
  4.  had, been running
  5.  Had, been voting

Question 12:
Fill the blanks by using the correct verb forms considering the structures of simple future tense.

  1.  It ……………. today in the evening. (Rain)
  2.  Children ……………. a game tomorrow. (Play)
  3.  Worker ……………. not ……………. the work. (Do)
  4.  A snake …………….  not ……………. you until it is disturbed. (Bite)
  5.  ……………. we ……………. there? (Sit)

Solution:

  1.  will rain
  2.  shall play
  3.  will, do
  4.  will bite
  5.  Shall, sit

Question 13:
Fill in the blanks using the correct forms of verbs according to the correct structure of future continuous tense.

  1.  Government ……………. a new dam. (Build)
  2.  Girls  ……………. not ……………. this book. (Use)
  3.  …………….. she ……………. to operate computer? (Learn)
  4.  Manoj and Ajay ……………. business. (start)
  5.  The driver ……………. not ……………. the bus. (Drive)

Solution:

  1.  will be building
  2.  shall, be using
  3.  Will, be learning
  4.  shall be starting
  5.  will, be driving

Question 14:
Fill in the blanks using the correct form of vert>6 according to the structure of future perfect or future perfect continuous tense.

  1.  This project ……………. much time. (Take)
  2.  The company ……………. the car by this time-next year. (Manufacture)
  3.  The girl ……………. not ……………. her homework. (Complete)
  4.  Magazine ……………. not …………….. in the market for a week. (Circulate)
  5.  …………….. you ……………. this work for me? (Finish)

Solution:

  1.  will have, taken
  2.  will have been, manufacturing
  3.  will, have completed
  4.  will, have been circulating
  5.  Will, have finished

Question 15:
In the following question, a passage has been given. There are a few blanks that are numbered and these numbers are again printed, below the passage, along with four options. Out of these options, choose the word that suits the blank best.
I …………(1) very close to my grandmother and we …………(2) a very strong bond. She loved me …………(3) She was one …………(4) my closest friends and we also had secrets. If someone …………(5) me, I would straight run to her and she …………(6) hug me.

  1.  (a) had                       (b) am
    (c) was                        (d) had been
  2.  (a) shared                  (b) sharing
    (c) to share                 (d) had shared
  3.  (a) conditionally       (b) unwillingly
    (c) willingly                (d) unconditionally
  4.  (a) on                          (b) in
    (c) with                        (d) of
  5.  (a) scolds                   (b) scolded
    (c) was scolding        (d) has scolded
  6.  (a) was            (b) shall           (c) must               (d) would

Solution:

  1. (c) was
  2. (a) shared
  3. (d) unconditionally
  4. (d) of
  5. (b) scolded
  6. (d) would

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CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Articles

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Articles

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Articles

Definition of Article
Articles are basically a type of determiners. Determiner covers many classes of words in which there are articles (definite and indefinite articles), adjectives and demonstratives.

Types of Articles
There are three main articles – ‘a’, ‘an’ and ‘the’. These three articles can be divided in two classes
cbse-class-7-english-grammar-articles-1

Definite Article (The)
‘The’ is known as definite article because it is used to point out specific person or thing.
e.g. The Moon and the Sun etc.

Uses of ‘The’
There are following common rules of using definite article ‘the’

1. ‘The’ is used before a particular or specific person, place or thing,
e.g.

  1.  Let us go to the club.
  2.  This is the boy who won last match.

2. ‘The’ is used before common nouns which are names of things unique of their kind,
e.g.

  1.  The Earth is our planet.
  2.  The world is a pieasant place.
  3.  The Sun gives us life.

3. ‘The’ is used before name of directions and dates of months.
e.g.

  1.  The Sun sets in the West.
  2.  I got my dream job on the 10th of May.

4. ‘The’ is used before name of rivers, seas, canals, oceans, valleys, deserts and forests,
e.g.

  1.  The Atlantic Ocean
  2.  The Ganges

5. ‘The’ is used before names of mountain ranges,
e.g.

  1.  The Himalayas
  2.  The Alps

Note: Never use ‘the’ before names of single mountains or hills,
e.g.

  1.  Montblanc (Not the Mont blanc)
  2.  Everest (Not the Everest)

6. ‘The’ is used before superlative degrees of an adjective.
e.g.

  1.  You are the best boy in my class.
  2.  Kashmir is the most beautiful state of India.

7. ‘The’ is used before a whole class,
e.g.

  1.  The cow is a pet animal.
  2.  The horse runs very fast.

8. ‘The’ is used before names of races or nations,
e.g.

  1.  The English ruled over the Indians.
  2.  The Muslims believe in the Kuran/ Quran.

9. ‘The’ is used before names of newspapers, holy books, famous buildings, ships, historical events,
e.g.

  1.  I read the Hindustan newspaper.
  2.  The Ramayana is a famous book.

10. ‘The’ is used before proper nouns, common nouns, abstract nouns and material nouns to make them common nouns.
e.g.

  1.  Kalidas is the Shakespeare of India.
  2.  The milk of our dairy is pure.

11. ‘The’ is used before name of musical instruments,
e.g.

  1.  Rani plays the guitar.
  2.  Ranjan plays the harmonium.

12. ‘The’ is used before name of inventions,
e.g.

  1.  The water is useful for us.
  2.  Who invented the television?

13. ‘The’ is used before parts of body.
e.g.

  1.  He was hit by the rod in the back.
  2.  He got an injury in the head.

14. ‘The’ is used before political parties,
e.g.

  1.  The Congress Party.
  2.  The Bhartiya Janata Party.

Indefinite Article (A, An)
‘A’ ‘an’ are known as indefinite articles because both are used to point which are not specific nouns,
e.g. A man, an organisation and an egg

Uses of‘A’

  1. ‘A’ is used before words beginning with consonants,
    e.g. a news, a patient, a cup
  2.  ‘A’ is used before the words which begin with a vowel, but have a sound of a consonant.
    e.g. A university, A European

Uses of ‘An’

  1.  An is used with words that begin with a alphabet (a,e,i,o,u).
    e.g. an orange, an egg, an octave
  2. ‘A/an’ is used before the adjective if adjective comes with a noun.
    e.g. a nice book, an intelligent boy, a good prize
  3.  ‘An’ is used before words beginning with consonants having vowel sounds.
    e.g. An FIR, An MSc.

Omission of Articles

  1. We should not use ‘the’ before proper nouns e.g. Kolkata, Rashmi, Sunday and so on.
    Exception
    Here are some exceptions of this rule like we say The Punjab, The USA, The Deccan (Group of states)
  2.  We should not use ‘the’ before subjects and arts,
    e.g.

    1. I don’t like painting.
    2. I am reading book of Science.
  3. When we use abstract nouns in general sense, we omit ‘the’.
    e.g.

    1. Honesty is the best policy.
    2. Health is wealth.

Practice Questions and Solutions

Question 1:
Explain whether sentences given below are correct or not with reference to the use of articles.

  1.  He is the European.
  2.  Do you like butter?
  3.  Art is the wonderful subject.
  4.  I want to drive car,
  5.  She eats the apple every day.
  6.  I need a water.
  7.  Who is the man?
  8.  Radha has got new mobile phone but its not an android phone.
  9.  Should I take admission into an university or a college after completing my high school?
  10.  All the committee members have arrived at on decision.

Solution:

  1.  Incorrect use ‘a’ in place of ‘the’.
  2.  Correct
  3.  Incorrect use ‘a’ before ‘wonderful’.
  4.  Incorrect use ‘a’ before ‘car’.
  5.  Incorrect use ‘an’ in place of ‘the’.
  6.  Incorrect use no article before water.
  7.  Correct
  8.  Incorrect use ‘a’ before ‘new’.
  9.  Incorrect use ‘a’ in place of ‘an’.
  10.  Incorrect use ‘a’ in place of ‘an’.

Question 2:
Fill in the blanks using a/an/the.

  1.  I want to ask ………………. question now.
  2.  It is ………………. nice day today.
  3.  Mohini works in ………………. office.
  4.  ………………. man was crossing the road.
  5.  She works in factory.
  6.  There is ………………. huge statue of Rani Lakshmibai at the square.
  7.  Yours is ………………. inspiring story.
  8.  Where is ………………. Statue of Liberty situated?
  9.  He belongs to ………………. different school of thought
  10.  Do you know where ………………. library is?

Solution:

  1.  a
  2.  a
  3.  an
  4.  A
  5.  a
  6.  a
  7.  an
  8. the
  9.  a
  10.  the

Question 3:
Put a/an/the wherever necessary.

  1.  She is ………………. MSc in Chemistry.
  2.  I am going to ………………. club.
  3.  ………………. Gomati is a famous river.
  4.  Rashmi is ………………. unique girl.
  5.  I know how to play ………………. violin.
  6.  ………………. life in the army not so easy though it is full of pride and prestige.
  7.  She was not in ………………. mood of cutting jokes.
  8.  This is  ………………. honour for me.
  9.  One cannot compare ………………. orange with apple.
  10.  Each of them is ………………. unique fruit.

Solution:

  1.  an
  2.  the
  3.  The
  4.  a
  5.  the
  6.  The
  7.  a
  8.  an
  9.  an, an
  10.  a

Question 4:
In each of the following questions there are three sentences given out of which one is wrong according to the usage of articles. Pick out the wrong sentence and mark its number as your answer. Mark your answer as ‘d’ if all the sentences are correct.

  1.  (a) Mr Sharma’s daughter is an air hostess
    (b) There is a big hole in that wall
    (c) An man is waiting for you, sir
    (d) All are correct
  2.  (a) An Earth is a beautiful planet
    (b) Shail is a nice boy
    (c) Do you need an umbrella?
    (d) All are correct
  3.  (a) She ordered a bag online
    (b) The four persons came yesterday also
    (c) I know you have got the pair of the new shoes
    (d) All are correct
  4.  (a) Give me an sheet of paper
    (b) Does she have a pencil?
    (c) The book fair was very nice
    (d) All are correct
  5.  (a) A new film will be releasing this Friday
    (b) The cow is a milk animal
    (c) The tea is my favourite drink
    (d) All are correct
  6.  (a) There is a telephone on the table
    (b) Runjhun is my neighbour’s daughter
    (c) The sky is full of stars today
    (d) All are correct
  7.  (a) Many poets have made the Moon a synonym for love
    (b) It is also a symbol of beauty
    (c) We should not spread a rumors
    (d) All are correct
  8.  (a) On that day, he didn’t have a money
    (b) Many tribal people live on the bank of rivers
    (c) The boy gave a loud cry
    (d) All are correct
  9.  (a) Children love to play the mobile games
    (b) The hat he was wearing was presented by his uncle
    (c) Ruhi was a very sensible girl
    (d) All are correct
  10.  (a) You are a mature person now
    (b) We must not waste a time
    (c) Today is a hot sunny day
    (d) All are correct

Solution:

  1.  (c) Use ‘A’ in place of ‘An’,
  2.  (a) Use ‘the’ in place of ‘An’.
  3.  (c) Use ‘a’ in place of ‘the’.
  4.  (a) Use ‘a’ in place of ‘an’.
  5.  (c) No article is required before tea.
  6.  (b) Use no article before ‘my’.
  7.  (c) Use no article before ‘rumors’.
  8.  (a) Use no article before ‘money’.
  9.  (d) All are correct
  10.  (b) Use no article before ‘time’.

Question 5:
Match the following.
cbse-class-7-english-grammar-articles-2
Solution:
(i) (b)                  (ii) (c)                (iii) (a)
(iv) (e)                (v) (d)

Question 6:
In each of the following examples whether the articles used are necessary or not. Also state whether they have be used correctly or not. Write the correct sentence if required.

  1.  A haste makes a waste.
  2.  My friend Manisha lives in the Jaipur.
  3.  The Nile is longest river in the world.
  4.  The German people s3peak the German.
  5.  I need the water badly now.

Solution:

  1.  Haste makes waste.
  2.  My friend Manisha lives in Jaipur.
  3.  No correction required/correct sentence.
  4.  The German will speak German.
  5.  I need water badly now.

Question 7:
Insert articles (A, An, the) wherever necessary in the following sentences.

  1.  Kunal wants to go to USA for post graduation.
  2.  The hospitals in Singapore are best in the world.
  3.  Ram had scar on his forehead.
  4.  There is tall building in Smit Vihar.
  5.  Sampada is Rani Lakshmibai of our class.

Solution:

  1.  to the USA
  2.  are the best
  3.  had a scar
  4.  is a tall
  5.  is the Rani
CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Voice

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Voice

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Voice

Definition of Voice
It tells us if the action is done by the subject or the action is done to the subject.
e.g.

  1.  Teacher teaches the students.
    In this sentence the action of teaching is done by the subject ‘teacher’.
  2.  Students are taught by teacher.
    In this sentence the action of teaching is done to the subject ‘teacher.’

Types of Voice
cbse-class-7-english-grammar-voice-1
cbse-class-7-english-grammar-voice-2
cbse-class-7-english-grammar-voice-1
cbse-class-7-english-grammar-voice-2

Rules for Conversion of Active Voice into Passive Voice
Step 1: Identify subject, object, helping verb, verb
which are being used in the sentence.
cbse-class-7-english-grammar-voice-4
Step 2: Use the general structure of passive voice and place the different parts accordingly.
cbse-class-7-english-grammar-voice-5

Present Tense

Simple Present Tense
Active: Subject + V1 / + (s / es) + Object).
Passive: Object + is / am / are + V3 + by + Subject,
e.g.

  1. She teaches us English. (Active Voice)
    English is taught to us by her. (Passive Voice)
  2. We play football. (Active Voice)
    Football is played by us. (Passive Voice)

Present Continuous Tense
Active: Subject + is/am/are + V1 + ing + Object
Passive: Object + is /am/are + being + V3 + by + Subject
e.g.

  1. I am watching TV. (Active Voice)
    TV is being watched by me. (Passive Voice)
  2. She is reading a book. (Active Voice)
    A book is being read by her. (Passive Voice)

Present Perfect Tense
Active: Subject + has / have + V3 + Object
Passive: Object + has / have + been + V3 + by + Subject
e.g.

  1. You have done the work. (Active Voice)
    The work has been done by you. (Passive Voice)
  2. We have prepared the draft. (Active Voice)
    The draft has been prepared by us. (Passive Voice)

Past Tense

Simple Past Tense
Active: Subject + V2 + Object
Passive: Object + was / were + V3 + by + Subject
e.g.

  1.  Ram bought a flower. (Active Voice)
    A flower was bought by Ram. (Passive Voice)
  2. Prince wrote an essay. (Active Voice)
    An essay was written by Prince. (Passive Voice)

Past Continuous Tense
Active: Subject + was / were + V1 + ing + Object
Passive: Object + was / were + being + V3+ by + Subject
e.g.

  1. I was eating bread. (Active Voice)
    Bread was being eaten by me. (Passive Voice)
  2. She was cleaning dishes. (Active Voice)
    Dishes were being cleaned by her. (Passive Voice)

Past Perfect Tense
Active: Subject + had + V3 + Object
Passive: Object + had + been + V3 + by + Subject
e.g.

  1. Farmers had ploughed the field. (Active Voice)
    The field had been ploughed by farmers. (Passive Voice)
  2. Manoj had developed a formula. (Active Voice)
    A formula had been developed by Manoj.(Passive Voice)

Future Tense

Simple Future Tense
Active: Subject + shall / will + V1 + Object
Passive: Object + shall/will +be + V3  + by + Subject
e.g.

  1. He will paint a picture. (Active voice)
    A picture will be painted by him. (Passive Voice)
  2. She will cut the pipe. (Active Voice)
    The pipe will be cut by her. (Passive Voice)

Future Perfect Tense
Active: Subject + shall/will + have+V3 + Object
Passive: Object + shall/will + have + been + V3 + by + Subject
e.g.

  1. The boy will have met the girl. (Active Voice)
    The girl will have been met by the boy. (Passive Voice)
  2. The thief will have stolen the goods.(Active Voice)
    The goods will have been stolen by the thief. (Passive Voice)

Changing Active into Passive Voice of Imperative Sentences
Imperative sentences are of three types.

Orders/Commands
e.g.

  1. Open the door. (Active Voice)
  2. Follow my instructions. (Active Voice)
  3. Stop the car, at once. (Active Voice)

In such sentence ‘let’ is used to change into passive voice. It is followed by ‘object’ and ‘be+V3’ as follows

  1. Let the door be opened. (Passive Voice)
  2. Let my instructions be followed.(Passive Voice)
  3. Let the car be stopped at once.(Passive Voice)

Requests
If, in above sentences, ‘please’ is Idded, they become ‘requests’.
The passive voice of such sentences is begun with ‘you are requested to ’.
e.g.

  1. Please, open the door. (Active Voice)
    You are requested to open the door. (Passive Voice)
  2. Please, help me in my work. (Active Voice)
    You are requested to help me in my work. (Passive Voice)

Advice
e.g.

  1. Help the poor. (Active Voice)
    The poor should be helped, (by you) (Passive Voice)
  2. Love children. (Active Voice)
    Children should be loved. (Passive Voice)

Practice Questions and Solutions

Question 1:
Fill in the blanks with correct answers.

  1. Ananya ……………… very loudly that day.
    (a) was talking                         (b) was being talked
    (c) was talked                           (d) is talked
  2. Thankfully, the parcel ……………… by one of the members of the family.
    (a) received                              (b) was received
    (c) had received                      (d) has received
  3. Which places have ……………… by you, so far?
    (a) explored                             (b) are explored
    (c) been explored                   (d) being explored
  4. Who will ……………… the committee?
    (a) heading                              (b) headed
    (c) be head                               (d) be heading
  5. The air conditioner ……………… nicely now.
    (a) has been working             (b) is worked
    (c) has working                       (d) is working

Solution:

  1. (a)
  2. (b)
  3. (c)
  4. (d)
  5. (d)

Question 2:
Change the voice of the following sentences.

  1.  We teach Maths.
  2.  Do you keep a cat?
  3.  She doesn’t ring the bell.
  4.  I am cooking the beans.
  5.  You are not watching TV.
  6.  Are they selling books?
  7.  We have solved the sums.
  8.  He has not led the cow.
  9.  Have we learnt the lessons?
  10.  Bell invented the phone.
  11.  I did not notice you.
  12.  Did she find your books?
  13.  Meera was reading a letter.
  14.  We were not abusing him.
  15.  Was I driving a car?
  16.  The teacher had checked the copies.
  17.  The workers had not painted the house.
  18.  Had we cleaned the floor?
  19.  I shall draw pictures.
  20.  You will not teach them.

Solution:

  1.  Maths is taught by us.
  2.  Is a cat kept by you?
  3.  The bell is not rung by her.
  4.  The beans are being cooked by me.
  5.  TV is not being watched by you.
  6.  Are the books being sold by them?
  7.  The sums have been solved by us.
  8.  The cow has not been fed by him.
  9.  Have the lessons been learnt by us?
  10.  The phone was invented by Bell.
  11.  You were not noticed by me.
  12.  Were your books found by her?
  13.  A letter was being read by Meera.
  14.  He was not being abused by us.
  15.  Was a car being driven by me?
  16.  The copies had been checked by teacher.
  17.  The house had not been painted by workers.
  18.  Had the floor been cleaned by us?
  19.  Pictures shall be drawn by me.
  20.  They will not be taught by you.

Question 3:
There are sentences given in active voice as questions followed by four option sentences that are in passive voice. Identify the correct sentence in passive voice.

  1.  Ajay is flying kites.
    (a) Kites are flown by Ajay.
    (b) Kites have been flown by Ajay.
    (c) Kites are been flown by Ajay.
    (d) Kites are being flown by Ajay.
  2.  The PM has announced a new education policy.
    (a) A new education policy is announced by the PM.
    (b) A new education policy has been announced by the PM.
    (c) A new education policy was announced by the PM.
    (d) A new education policy had announced v by the PM.
  3.  Please, pass the keys to me.
    (a) You are requested to pass the keys to me.
    (b) Let the keys be passed to me.
    (c) The keys are passed to me by you.
  4.  What does she say?
    (a) What was said by her?
    (b) What is being said by her?
    (c) What is said by her?
    (d) What has been said by her?
  5.  Will Krish sell his bicycle?
    (a) Will Krish be sold by his bicycle?
    (b) Would Krish be sold by his bicycle?
    (c) Will his bicycle by sold by Krish?
    (d) Will his bicycle been sold by Krish?

Solution:

  1.  d
  2.  b
  3.  a
  4.  c
  5.  c

Question 4:
In the sentences given below identify which one is active voice and which one is passive voice.

  1.  The king has ordered the minister.
  2.  An institute can be run by me.
  3.  Can a poem be learnt by anyone?
  4.  He lost all the money.
  5.  You are insulted by them.

Solution:

  1.  Active
  2.  Passive
  3.  Passive
  4.  Active
  5.  Passive

Question 5:
Use suitable passive forms to fill the blanks.

  1.  The field ………………… by the farmer. (plough)
  2.  Things ……………….. being ……………….. by him. (steal)
  3.  Flowers ……………… been. by the man. (pluck)
  4.  The work ……………….. by the girl. (do)
  5.  A bullet ……………… be ………………. by police. (fire)

Solution:

  1.  is ploughed/was ploughed,will be ploughed
  2.  are,stolen
  3.  have,plucked
  4.  is done/was done/will be done
  5.  will,fired
CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Preposition

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Preposition

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Preposition

Definition of Preposition
A preposition is a word that is placed before a noun or a pronoun and establishes the positional relation with other words in the sentence.
e.g.

  1. He is sitting on a chair.
  2. The ball went across the boundary,
  3. She committed the mistake in spite of great care.

Definition of Grammar – Preposition

Types of Preposition
The following types of preposition are given below
Simple Preposition
On, onto, in, into, to, from, by, with etc.

Types of Grammar – Preposition

Compound Preposition
Among, between, about, beside, across, before etc.

Phrasal Preposition
Due to despite, in spite of, in front of, in addition to etc.

Uses of Some Important Prepositions

 1. In
• To show a stationary position inside a premise.
e.g.

  1.  I am in the room.
  2. She is in the class.

• To-show the names of big countries cities or areas.
e.g.

  1.  I live in India.
  2.  Mayuri lives in Mumbai.

• To show time or the seasons.
e.g.

  1.  Chitra was’ born in July.
  2.  I went there in the summer.

• To show occupation and the activities.
e.g.

  1. He works in a plastic factory.
  2.  She is busy in cooking.

2. Into
• To show the movement that is directed inwards,
e.g.

  1.  Hari jumped into the river.
  2.  Manager came hurriedly into the cabin.

• To show the change in state of something, e.g.

  1.  Milk is converted into curd.
  2.  Cheese is modified into cheese-pakoda.

3. At
• To show time and definite place, e.g.

  1.  I get up at 7 am.
  2.  She was at the conference.

• Used before colony, village or smaller areas, e.g.

  1.  I live at Mandawali in Delhi.
  2.  She studies at Pitampura.

• To show the rate.
e.g.

  1.  Mango is sold at ? 60 a kilogram.
  2.  Milk is sold at ? 50 a litre.

• To show some special place.
e.g.

  1.  BJP headquarter is at Ferozshah road.
  2.  Bal Bhawan is at DDU Marg.

4. On
• To show the position of object, e.g.

  1.  The pencil is on the table.
  2.  The cat is on the porch.

• Used before day and date.
e.g.

  1.  I shall go there on Tuesday.
  2.  She was born on 30th July.

5. Upon
To show a movement which is directed upwards, e.g.

  1.  She fell upon him.
  2.  Buses move upon the hilly roads.

6. To
• To show the change in place, e.g.

  1.  Mahi goes to school.
  2.  Maninder went to Shimla.

• To show a consequence.
e.g. (i) The building is thrashed to ashes.
(ii) She brought the goodness to the society.

• To compare two nouns or pronouns.
e.g.

  1. She is junior to me.
  2. I am elder to my brother.

• To show time.
e.g.

  1.  It is five minutes to nine.
  2.  It is just a day to Sunday.

 7. From
• To show the source of something.
e.g.

  1.  Milk comes from cow.
  2.  I love the verses from Macbeth.

• To show positional relation.
e.g.

  1.  Mohit had come from the school.
  2.  Aliens come from the space.

• To show a point of time.
e.g.

  1.  She has been reading from morning to evening.
  2.  The work will go on from January to December.

8. Between
It is used to talk about two nouns/pronouns are available,
e.g.

  1.  Distribute the fruits between Ram and Hari.
  2.  He slept between me and his brother.

9. Among
It is used when possession is to be shown and there are more than two nouns or pronouns,
e.g.

  1. I distributed the apples among children.
  2. Government had decided to go among the public.

10. Before
It is used to show the order of the two or more events that has taken place one after another,
e.g.

  1. I came here before you.
  2. The minister resigned before the tenure.

11.  About
It is used to describe or to say something,
e.g.

  1. The boy is saying about the picture.
  2. I knew about the tactics.

12. Due to
It is used to show the reason of a consequence,
e.g.

  1. His absence is due to heavy rain.
  2. His failure is due to his poverty.

13. In Spite of
It is used when an action was done with the conditions that were unfavourable.
e.g.

  1. In spite of his poverty, he managed to educate himself.
  2. He came here in spite of his busy schedule.

 14. In front of
To show the position of a noun/pronoun when it is opposite to the other noun/pronoun.
e.g.

  1. His office is in front of a theatre.
  2. The post office is in front of the temple.

Practice Questions and Solutions

Question 1:
In the sentences given below fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions.

  1. The baby is sleeping ……………….. the bed.
  2. Television is kept ……………….. the room.
  3. Mother came ……………….. the room after an hour.
  4. Vishnu goes ……………….. temple on Saturday.
  5. Ice-cream is made ……………….. milk and cream.
  6. The artist is insulted ……………….. the music director.
  7. Farmer is familiar ……………….. the agricultural problems.
  8. This piece of land was a dispute ……………….. the four boys.
  9. The two children were not ready to distribute the money ……………….. them.
  10. A poet knows ……………….. the figures of speech well.
  11. Rohan is sitting ……………….. his mother in the party.
  12. I came ……………….. a very good news.
  13. The patient had died ……………….. the surgery was carried out.
  14. I couldn’t attend the meeting ……………….. my sickness.
  15. ……………….. my warnigs to him, he went to circus.
  16. Police caught and beat the thief ……………….. the whole crowd.
  17. I purchased a book ……………….. the perfumes for my younger brother.
  18. Players have a strong zeal ……………….. the final game.
  19. This book is very useful ……………….. me.
  20. I request you to think ……………….. the matter again.

Solution:

  1. in
  2. in
  3. into
  4. to
  5. from
  6. by
  7. with
  8. among
  9. between
  10. about
  11. beside
  12. across
  13. before
  14. due to
  15. despite
  16. in front of
  17. in addition to
  18. for
  19. to
  20. over

Question 2:
Choose the correct option.

  1.  Agra is very famous ……………….. the Taj Mahal.
    (a) to                (b) for
    (c) in                (d) by
  2.  Indians have strong faith ……………….. God.
    (a) in              (b) to
    (c) on             (d) into
  3.  I help those who are junior ……………….. me.
    (a) than          (b) in
    (c) to              (d) for
  4.  Manish was surprised ……………….. my coming there.
    (a) by           (b) for
    (c) on           (d) at
  5.  I felt very sorry ……………….. the poor and hungry boy.
    (a) for             (b) to
    (c) with         (d) from
  6. When will you bring a gift ……………….. me?
    (a) with           (b) for
    (c) to               (d) by
  7.  I don’t know much ……………….. it.
    (a) upon          (b) over
    (c) with           (d) about
  8.  Go and sit ……………….. your place, please.
    (a) to           (b) at
    (c) in           (d) on
  9.  ……………….. which month does the session begin?
    (a) In            (b) On
    (c) At           (d) Within
  10. She purchased it ……………….. Surat Bazar.
    (a) on             (b) for
    (c) to             (d) from

Solution:

  1.  (b) for
  2.  (a) in
  3.  (c)to
  4.  (d) at
  5.  (a) for
  6.  (b) for
  7.  (d) about
  8.  (b) at
  9.  (a) In
  10.  (d) from

Question 3:
Match the entries in List I and List II in order to form complete sentences.
cbse-class-7-english-grammar-preposition-1
Solution:

(i) (b)                   (ii) (f)                 (iii) (a)
(iv) (i)                  (v) (g)                (vi) (c)
(vii) (d)               (viii) (i)              (ix) (e)
(x) (h)

Question 4:
There is a passage given below with five blanks in it. Every blank has been numbered. These numbers are again printed below the passage along with four options. Fill in the blanks with most correct (appropriate) options.
A galaxy is a system ………………..(1) stars, stellar remnants, gas, dus, dark matter etc bound ………………..(2) one another gravitationay. Galaxies range ………………..(3) size. They range ………………..(4) dwarfs to giants. Many galaxies are thought ………………..(5) have black holes at their active centres.

  1.  (a) in           (b) within
    (c) of            (d) for
  2.  (a) with      (b) for
    (c) onto      (d) at
  3.  (a) from     (b) at
    (c) into        (d) in
  4.  (a) on         (b) than
    (c) from      (d) of
  5.  (a) upon    (b) to
    (c) about    (d) towards

Solution:

  1.  (c)
  2.  (a)
  3.  (d)
  4.  (c)
  5.  (b)

Question 5:
Five prepositions have been provided in the following bracket followed by five sentences, pick up a preposition each for every sentence and complete the sentence using your own imagination.
cbse-class-7-english-grammar-preposition-2

  1.  A gang of wolves started emerging ………………..
  2.  Neha was trying ………………..
  3.  They are asked to complete the task ………………..
  4.  What are the advantages ………………..
  5.  Do you know ………………..

Solution:

  1.  A gang of wolves started emerging from the West of the forest.
  2.  Neha was trying to convince her with the importance of education.
  3.  They are asked to complete the task within a week.
  4.  What are the advantages of reading on a variety of topics?
  5.  Do you know in which direction he went?

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Modals

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Modals

Definition of Modals
Basically, modals are auxiliary verbs that express the mode of action denoted by the main verb.
e.g.

  1.  He can do this work.
  2.  She may pass the exam.
  3.  They would appear in the party.

In the above sentences, the bold words are modals. They express the mode of action of the main verbs in t’he sentence.
CBSE Class 7 English Grammar - Modals

Uses of Modals
The usage of these modals are as given below

Can
‘Can’ is used in the following ways

  1. To express ability or power.
    1. He can read this language.
    2. He can lift this heavy box.
  2. To express permission.
    1. You can eat this chocolate.
    2. She can never enter this house.

Could

‘Could’ is used in the following ways,

  1. To show power or ability in past.
    1. She could dance well in youth
    2. We could complete this task.
  2. To show possibility in past.
    1. She could buy a pen if she had money.
    2. Ramu could play cricket if there had been no rain.
  3.  To make a polite request.
    1. Could you help me now?
    2. Could they spare that meat?
  4. To show condition.
    1. If we had got up earlier, we could have completed this.
    2. We could have seen the match if there had been electricity supply. (Condition)

May
‘May’ is used in the following ways

  1. To express permission, possibility.
    1. May I go there? (Permission)
    2. It may rain heavily. (Possibility)
  2.  To express wish, prayer.
    1. May you live long ! (Wish)
    2. May God bless you with fortune ! (Prayer)
  3.  To express purpose.
    1. She works that she may prosper.
    2. We study that we may pass in the exam.

Might
‘Might’ is used in the following ways

  1. To show permission, possibility in the past.
    1. The leader told us that we might spend this amount. (Permission)
    2. I might be sent to the hostel. (Possibility)
  2.  To express purpose in the past.
    1. He wore a scarf that he might not burn his skin.
    2. We rushed that we might not miss our train.
  3. To make a request.
    1. If possible, you might bring me a glass of water.
    2. Condition allowing, they might be seeking a favour from me.
  4.  To make suggestion or criticism.
    1. They might look for other venues. (Suggestion)
    2. She might have picked other issues. (Criticism)

Would
‘Would’ is used in the following ways

  1. To show past habit and unreal condition.
    1. He would rise at 5 O’ Clock. (Past habit)
    2. What would you like to have? Tea or coffee.
  2. To make a polite request.
    1. Would you lend me your pen?
    2. Would you give me your scooter?

Should or Ought to
‘Should’ is used in the following ways

  1. To express duty and obligation.
    1. The police should protect us. (Duty)
    2. You should respect your parents. (Obligation)
  2.  To show advice, suggestion.
    1. They should follow the rules. (Suggestion)
    2. You should take medicine. (Advice)
  3.  To express imagination.
    1. Should you lose your money, go to ATM.
    2. Should you forget password, retry then.
  4.  To express probability, polite command.
    1. She should be in the library. (Probability)
    2. You should play the game fairly. (Polite command)

Must
‘Must’ is used in the following ways

  1. To show prohibition, compulsion.
    1. You must not touch this.
    2. She must feel sorry for you.
  2. To show necessity or obligation.
    1. Team must win the game.
    2. You must pay your bill on time.
  3.  To show the strong advice.
    1. Police must take care of emotions of the criminals.
    2. Leaders must promise what is viable to them.

Shall/Will
‘Shall’ and ‘Will’ are used in the following ways

  1.  Shall 1st person subject-I, We
  2.  Will 2nd and 3rd person subject – You, he, she, it, they.
    But, to show the emphasis, it can be interchanged with each other.
    Therefore, when one needs to show determination then the usage with the auxiliary would be
  3.  Will 1st person subject-I, we
  4. Shall 2nd and 3rd person subject – You, he, she, it, , they.
    e.g.

    1. I shall go. (Simple future)
    2. I will go. (Determination))
    3. She will win. (Simple future)
    4. She shall win. (Emphasized act)

Need
‘Need’ is used in the following ways

  1. To express prohibition.
    1. She need not use that computer.
    2. They need not manipulate the files.
  2.  To express doubt.
    1. Need I go there.
    2. Need we plan in advance.

Dare

  1. To express a negation with interrogation.
    1. How dare you touch my pen?
    2. She dare not play tennis with me.

Used to

  1.  To express a past habit.
    1. She used to go to perform in movies or a dramas.
    2. I used to play cricket in 2005.
  2. To express a habit of present that has its roots in the past.
    1. My grandfather is not used to sweets.
    2. I am used to a life full of struggle.

Practice Questions and Solutions

Question 1:
Choose the most suitable answer to fill in the blank. Write its number (a), (b), (c) or (d) in the answers.

  1.  You are late. You ……………….. hurry.
    (a) can                 (b) must
    (c) will                 (d) may
  2.  “……………….. I have a piece of cake, please?” I asked.
    (a) Shall              (b) May
    (c) Will                (d) Must
  3.  The little boy ……………….. speak very well.
    (a) would            (b) can
    (c) shall              (d) need
  4.  We didn’t have a car before. Now that we have a car, we ……………….. drive to many places.
    (a) need              (b) may
    (c) might            (d) can
  5.  You ……………….. keep the scissors away from the baby.
    (a) should           (b) will
    (c) need              (d) may
  6.  You ……………….. go home if you have completed your work.
    (a) shall              (b) may
    (c) need              (d) might
  7.  That plug is faulty. You ……………….. touch it.
    (a) mustn’t         (b) needn’t
    (c) couldn’t        (d) won’t
  8.  The two boys .………………. do well in the examinations. They are studying very hard.
    (a) must             (b) will
    (c) shall              (d) need
  9.  That man ……………….. be Mr Bo. Mr Bo is overseas.
    (a) shan’t           (b) needn’t
    (c) can’t             (d) won’t
  10.  Don’t listen to everything he says. He ……………….. be wrong.
    (a) shall             (b) can
    (c) must            (d) need

Solution:

  1.  (b) must
  2.  (b) may
  3. (b) can
  4.  (d) can
  5.  (a) should
  6.  (b) may
  7.  (a) mustn’t
  8. (c) shall
  9.  (c) can’t
  10.  (b) can

Question 2:
Choose the most suitable answer to fill in the blank. Write its number (a), (b), (c) or (d) in the answers.

  1.  He’s still not here. He ……………….. have met with an accident.
    (a) should           (b) can
    (c) might             (d) shall
  2.  I wish I ……………….. be as intelligent as Einstein.
    (a) must             (b) could
    (c) should          (d) shall
  3.  We ……………….. bring any money because admission is free.
    (a) mustn’t           (b) couldn’t
    (c) can’t                (d) needn’t
  4.  This ……………….. be your book. It has your name on it.
    (a) can                (b) shall
    (c) need              (d) must
  5.  You ……………….. sleep early so you can wake up early.
    (a) should            (b) might
    (c) will                  (d) need
  6.  He ……………….. run very fast. He wins competitions easily.
    (a) would            (b) can
    (c) shall               (d) may
  7.  Please lower your voices so that the baby ……………….. not  be awakened.
    (a) ought            (b) may
    (c) must              (d) could
  8.  The dog ……………….. have eaten the food! I saw it near the food a while ago.
    (a) must              (b) ought
    (c) can                 (d) shall
  9.  You ……………….. to knock before you enter.
    (a) shall               (b) ought
    (c) may                (d) would
  10.  She ………………. most certainly help you if you ask her.
    (a) could             (b) ought
    (c) will                 (d) may

Solution:

  1.  (c) might
  2.  (b) could
  3.  (d) needn’t
  4.  (d) must
  5.  (a) should
  6.  (b) can
  7.  (b) may
  8.  (a) must
  9.  (b) ought
  10.  (c) will

Question 3:
Use appropriate modals of probability, permission, obligation etc to fill in the blanks.

  1.  Every body ……………….. fulfil his or her duties towards the country.
  2.  The computer is not working. The supervisor ……………….. call an engineer, today.
  3.  The work is completed ……………….. I leave now?
  4.  Sugandha sings so beautifully. She ……………….. have taken classes of music.
  5.  I am not the right person to give you a permission to go. You ……………….. ask the Manager.
  6.  Vibha is not home today. She ……………….. have gone for dance practice.
  7.  ……………….. I request you to show me this file?
  8.  It is raining cats and dogs. This ……………….. cause flood in many areas.
  9.  He is not in his cabin. You ……………….. check if he is there in the lobby.
  10. ……………….. I, please, make a call from your phone?

Solution:

  1.  must
  2.  might
  3.  may
  4.  must
  5.  may
  6. must
  7. May
  8. can/may
  9. can
  10. Could

Question 4:
Use appropriate modals of desire,
determination, necessity, prohibition etc to fill in the blanks.

  1.  I ……………….. like to go for boating as well as diving.
  2.  How ……………….. he enter my room?
  3.  Shipra applies sunscreen lotion everyday that she ……………….. not get her skin tanned.
  4.  We focus on our studies that we ……………….. not fail in our examinations.
  5.  Let whatever hardships may come in our way. One day, we ……………….. overcome.
  6.  His goggles are kept in the cupboard, but nobody ……………….. to touch them.
  7.  He ……………….. never allow anybody to wear them.
  8.  Sheveta is a little snobbish and naughty girl. We ……………….. not prank at her. She will get angry.
  9.  Don’t challenge me. If I try, she ……………….. come and talk to me politely.
  10.  ……………….. You like to try your hand at chess, madam?

Solution:

  1.  would
  2.  dare
  3. may
  4.  may
  5.  shall/will
  6. dares
  7. would
  8. need
  9. shall
  10. Would

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Subject-Verb Agreement

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Subject-Verb Agreement

Definition of Subject-Verb Agreement
Subject-verb agreement tells us about the ways a subject will agree to its verb. Generally, rules of tense are in the category of subject-verb agreement, but apart from these rules there are some other rules by which a subject agrees to the verb.
cbse-class-7-english-grammar-subject-verb-agreement-1
e.g.

  1.  Simran is late today.
  2.  We are always happy.

But, we shall study the important deviations from the above two rules.

Rules for Subject-Verb Agreement

  1.  Two nouns or pronouns when joined by ‘and’ takes plural verb.
    cbse-class-7-english-grammar-subject-verb-agreement-2
  2.  When ‘one of ’ is used with a plural noun, the verb after it is always singular,
    cbse-class-7-english-grammar-subject-verb-agreement-3
  3.  Nouns that are connected by ‘each’ and ‘every’ take a singular verb with them.
    cbse-class-7-english-grammar-subject-verb-agreement-4
  4.  If two nouns are connected by ‘and’ but are meant for one person or for one idea then the verb becomes singular.
    cbse-class-7-english-grammar-subject-verb-agreement-5
  5.  When two subjects are joined by “as well as, along with, together with, in addition to” then the verb agrees to the first subject.
    cbse-class-7-english-grammar-subject-verb-agreement-6
  6.  When two or more subjects are connected by “or, nor, either or, neither nor” then the verb,
    cbse-class-7-english-grammar-subject-verb-agreement-7
  7.  If a sentence starts with introducing ‘there’ then verb agrees to the number of the noun that comes after ‘there’.
    cbse-class-7-english-grammar-subject-verb-agreement-8
  8.  Nouns, though plural but if they refer to the name of a book, country or that of a province then the verb used is ‘singular’.
    cbse-class-7-english-grammar-subject-verb-agreement-9
  9.  When plural nouns refer as a whole then it is taken to be singular and the very is also singular.
    cbse-class-7-english-grammar-subject-verb-agreement-10
  10. Phrase ‘a number of’ takes a plural verb but phrase ‘the number of’ takes a singular verb.
    cbse-class-7-english-grammar-subject-verb-agreement-11
  11.  Few, a few, many, several/both are plural in form and they take plural verb with them.
    cbse-class-7-english-grammar-subject-verb-agreement-12
  12. If two subjects with different numbers are joined by “not only but also, either or, neither nor” then the verb agrees to the subject nearer to it.
    cbse-class-7-english-grammar-subject-verb-agreement-13

Practice Questions and Solutions

Question 1:
From the given sentences choose which one is correct and which one is incorrect on the basis of rules of subject verb agreement.
Instead of correct or incorrect, fill in the blank exercise with multiple options would have been more useful.

  1.  Birds are taking rest on the tree.
  2.  Maya does not get up in the morning.
  3.  She loves chocolates very much.
  4.  The players has stopped shouting.
  5.  One of my sisters live in Ranchi.
  6.  Chennai and Kolkata is beautiful cities.
  7.  Every player and every coach are present,
  8.  Mr Singh who was a poet and singer is no more.
  9.  You and not me are the wrong doer.
  10.  The rpbber with his friends was arrested.
  11.  Geeta or Reeta have brought this candle.
  12.  Neither he nor his father has appeared.
  13.  There were many people around the temple.
  14.  West Indies are a group of islands.
  15.  Ten kilometres are a long distance by foot.

Solution:

  1.  Correct
  2.  Correct
  3.  Correct
  4.  Correct
  5.  Incorrect
  6.  Incorrect
  7.  Incorrect
  8.  Correct
  9.  Correct
  10.  Correct
  11.  Incorrect
  12.  Correct
  13.  Correct
  14.  Incorrect
  15.  Incorrect

Question 2:
Fill the blanks that each sentence has in compliance to subject-verb agreement.

  1.  Many forms ………………. been received, (has/have)
  2.  One of the thieves ………………. been caught. (has/have)
  3.  Ramu and Shyamu ………………. playing chess. (is/are)
  4.  Each man and each women ………………. rejoicing. (was/were)
  5.  The horse and cart ………………. lost. (is/are)
  6.  Mahi as well as her teachers ………………. very much concerned. (is/are)
  7.  My brothers along with my friend ………………. coming to my house. (was/were)
  8.  Either of the two ………………. suitable. (is/are)
  9.  Neither of the two girls ………………. going to win the competition. (is/are)
  10.  A number of migratory birds ………………. coming to India during winter. (are/is)

Solution:

  1.  have
  2.  has
  3.  are
  4.  was
  5.  is
  6.  is
  7.  were
  8.  is
  9.  is
  10.  are

Question 3:
Match the entries in List I with List II to form various sentences.
cbse-class-7-english-grammar-subject-verb-agreement-14
Solution:
(i) (g)               (ii) (h)
(iii) (a)             (iv) (i)
(v) (d)              (vi) (j)
(vii) (b)            (viii) (f)
(ix) (c)              (x) (e)

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Narration

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Narration

A narration sentence is the statement made by the subject to one or more listener.
Look at the following sentences.

  1.  Raj said to Meera, “Come here now”.
  2. Hari says to Sheela, “You have done it”.

The above sentences are examples of a narration sentence.

Types of Narration Sentence
Direct Narration (Direct Speech)
When the subject of the sentence states something to the object,
e.g.

  1. He said to me, “Do this instantly”.
  2. The father said to son, “Study hard”.

Indirect Narration (indirect Speech)
When the words/statements of the subject are stated by a third person in his own words then it is indirect narration.
See the below given sentences
e.g.

  1. He told me to do that instantly.
  2. The father told son to study hard.

Parts of a Narration Sentence
A narration sentence has two parts. These are Reported Speech
The part of the narration sentence which is, in the inverted commas is in called Reported Speech.
cbse-class-7-english-grammar-narration-4

Reporting Verb Reported Speech

Reporting Verb
The part which is outside the inverted commas is called Reporting Verb.
Change from Direct Narration to Indirect Narration
When a direct narration is changed into indirect narration, then there are three major changes that take place

  1. Change of person
  2. Change of other parts of speech
  3. Change of tense

Change of Person
First and second person pronouns are changed to third person or according to the person spoken to or spoken about. We must take care that during the change of person, number and case of the pronoun remains same. The number and case can be changed by the following way
cbse-class-7-english-grammar-narration-1

Change of Other Parts of Speech
The parts of speech that have been used in the reported speech also undergo changes. Below, we give you a list of words that undergo changes. Remember these words by heart. There is no ground rule for the changes of these words.
Now – Then
Ago – Before
Today – That day
Tonight – That night
Here – There
Can – Could
May – Might
Shall – Should
Will – Would
This – That
These – Those
Tomorrow — Next/following day
Yesterday – Last/previous day

Change of Tense
During the change of a direct narration into indirect narration, change of tense also takes place. Change of tense only takes place when the reported verb is in past tense. If, reported verb is in present or in future tense then change of tense doesn’t take place.
cbse-class-7-english-grammar-narration-2

  1. When reported verb is in past tense.
    1. Direct: Avi said to Savy, “I need some time!
      Indirect: Avi told Savy that he needed some time.
    2. Direct: The shopkeeper said, “This is the latest model”.
      Indirect: The shopkeeper said that it was the latest model.
    3. Direct: The customer said to him, “ I will come to your shop tomorrow”.
      Indirect: The customer told him that he would go to his shop the next day.
    4. Direct Snehal said to her friend, “You didn’t meet me yesterday”.
      Indirect: Snehal told her friend that she had not met her the previous day.
    5. Direct: The mother said to the daughter “I have prepared sandwich for you”.
      Indirect: The mother told her daughter that she had prepared sandwich for her.
  2. When reporting verb is in ‘present’ or ‘future’ tense.
    1. Direct: My father says to me, “We don’t have to work today.
      Indirect: My father tells me that we don’t have to work today.
    2. Direct: Kamak says to her teacher, “I could not do my homework last night”.
      Indirect: Kamak says to her teacher that she could not do her homework last night.
    3. Direct: The man will say, “ You rogue, you do not listen to me carefully and make many mistakes”.
      Indirect: The man will scold him calling rogue and will say that he does not listen to him carefully and makes many mistakes.
    4. Direct: Param will say, to Vicky, “You didn’t return my suit”.
      Indirect: Param will tell Vicky that he didn’t return his suit.
    5. Direct: Bhakti says to Jiya, “ I am your friend and will remain forever”.
      Indirect: Bhakti tells Jiya that she is her friend and will remain forever.

Exception
The tense of the reported speech is kept as it is.

  1.  If, it is a “universal truth” ‘or’ ‘habitual action’ ‘historical’ fact; irrespective of the reporting verb.
    e.g.

    1. Direct: Our teacher says/will say/said, “the Earth is round”.
      Indirect: Our teacher says/will say/said that the Earth is round.
    2. Direct: My father said to me yesterday, “ God always observes our passion for our dreams.”
      Indirect: My father told me yesterday that God always observes our passion for our dreams.
  2.  If the reported speech is about two simultaneously happening actions, e.g.
    Direct: Sahil said, ” The dogs were barking while I was walking in the park”.
    Indirect: Sahil said the dogs were barking while he was walking in the park.
  3. If the reported speech is about an imaginary sentence e.g.
    Direct: Mohan said, ‘If I were a bird, I would fly everywhere”.
    Indirect: Mohan said (that) if he were a bird he would fly everywhere.

Interrogative Sentences into Indirect Speech
When we have to change a direct question into indirect speech, it is necessary to make the following changes.

  1. Tense, pronouns, possessive adjectives and adverbs of time change as in statements.
  2. The interrogative change to the assertive form.
  3. The question mark is omitted.
  4. The reporting verb says/tells is changed to ask etc.

(A) Verbal (Yes-No Type Questions)
While changing these questions into indirect speech ‘if’ or ‘whether’ is used instead of ‘ that’
e.g. ” Is there anybody?” she asked.
She asked if/whether anybody, was there

  1. Direct: Santa said to Banta” Do you like Sonakshi?
    Indirect: Santa asked Banta whether he liked Sonakshi.
  2. Direct: The lady said, “DO you want to ask any question?”.
    Indirect: The lady asked if they wanted to ask any question.
  3. Direct: Charles said to bis mother, “Shall we go for the party tonight ?”
    Indirect: Charles asked his mother if they would go for the party that night.
  4. Direct: The policeman says to the man, “Have you seen the burglars?”
    Indirect: The policeman asks the man whether he has seen the burglars.
  5. Direct: I said to my sister, “Can you iron my clothes for me?”.
    Indirect: I asked my sister if she could iron my clothes for me.

(B) Wh-Type Questions
In these type of questions no external connector is used. The wh-used itself acts as a connector.

  1. Direct: He said to me, “Where do you live?”
    Indirect: He asked me where I lived.
  2. Direct: Shatayu said to his father, “How did you write this ?”
    Indirect: Shatayu asked his father how he had written it.
  3. Direct: She said to the shopkeeper, “How much is the price of this book ?”
    Indirect: She asked the shopkeeper how much the price of the book was.
  4. Direct: Father asks his son, “What all do you know about her? ”
    Indirect: Father asks his son what all he knows about her.
  5. Direct: “What is the name of your pet cat?” said Shamli to her niece.
    Indirect: Shamli asked her niece what the name of her pet cat was.

Imperative Sentences into Indirect Speech
Imperative sentences are of three kinds: advice, order and request. So, according to the type of sentence the reporting verb ‘said/said to’ is changed into ordered requested, advised etc. And/instead of ‘that’ ‘to’ is used to join the reported speech.
e.g.

  1. Direct: Neena said to him, ” Open your book”.
    Indirect: Neena ordered him to open his book.
  2. Direct: Inspector said to his constables, “Go and find them everywhere.”
    Indirect: The Inspector ordered his constables to go and find them everywhere.
  3. Direct: Shahista said to me, “Please, allow me to help you”
    Indirect: Shahista requested me to allow her to help me.

Exclamatory Sentences into Indirect Speech
While changing exclamatory sentences into indirect speech, the reporting verb is changed into exclaimed with joy, sorrow etc.
‘What, how’ are changed into very, great etc.
e.g.

  1. Direct: He said, “What a great idea!”
    Indirect: He exclaimed that it was a great idea.
  2. Direct: The players said, “Hurrah! we won the match”.
    Indirect: The players exclaimed with joy and said that they had won the match.
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Practice Questions and Solutions

Question 1:
Change the given sentences into indirect narration.

  1.  He says to Ram, “I am your teacher”.
  2.  She says to Hari, “He is the owner”.
  3.  Rani says to Sheela, “We went to Agra”.
  4.  They say to him, “We have grown potatoes”.
  5.  Police said to man, “Do not make a rumour”.
  6.  Sahil will say to mother, “Let me go to park”.
  7.  Farmer said to labourer, “Plant the crops well”,
  8.  Vidya says to Maya, “Why do you not study”?
  9.  Sameer said to Vijay, “Are you free today?”
  10.  Man says to his wife, “Cook the food for me”.
  11.  Vikas said to Jay, “We celebrated his birthday.”
  12.  He said to us, “Have you seen this ever?”
  13.  Doctor said, “Health is your wealth”.
  14.  Driver said to the boss, “I am not feeling well,”
  15.  She said to her mother, “Cut this fruit to eat”.
  16.  Vaibhav will say, “I am going to be a doctor”,
  17.  Boy said to his friends, “We will play now”,
  18.  Mother said to me, “Groom yourself well”.
  19.  Teacher said to students, “Why were you absent?”
  20.  Veer says to Dheer, “Here is a pot of water”.
  21.  Mayank said, “Sun gives us energy.”
  22.  Carpenter said, “I shall be on leave tomorrow”.

Solution:

  1.  He tells Ram that he is his teacher.
  2.  She tells Hari that he is the owner.
  3.  Rani tells Sheela that they went to Agra.
  4.  They tell him that they have grown potatoes.
  5.  Police told man not to make a rumour.
  6.  Sahil will tell mother to let him go to park.
  7.  Farmer told labourer to plant the crops well,
  8.  Vidya tells Maya why she does not study.
    Or
    Vidya asks Maya why she does not study.
  9.  Sameer asked Vijay if he was free that day.
  10.  Man tells his wife to cook the food for him.
  11.  Vikas told Jay that they had celebrated his birthday.
  12. He asked us if we had seen that ever.
  13.  Doctor told that health is your wealth.
  14.  Driver told the boss that he was not feeling well.
  15.  She told her mother to cut that fruit to eat.
  16.  Vaibhav will say that he is going to be a doctor,
  17.  Boy proposed his friends that they would play then.
  18.  Mother told me to groom myself well.
  19.  Teacher asked students why they had been absent.
  20.  Veer tells Dheer that there was a pot of water.
  21.  Mayank told that Sun gives us energy.
  22.  Carpenter said that he would be on leave the next day.

Question 2:
In each of the following examples, a sentence in indirect speech has been given along with for option sentences that are in direct speech. Find out the correct sentence in indirect speech for the given question.

  1. Tanu told Manu that she had learnt fine arts in Koikata.
    (a) Tanu said to Manu, “I am learning five arts in Koikata.”
    (b) Tanu says to Manu, “I have learnt fine arts in Koikata.”
    (c) Tanu said to Manu, “I have learnt fine arts in Kolkata.”
    (d) Tanu said to Manu, “I will learn fine arts in Kolkata”.
  2. Ravi asked me if I would come back.
    (a) Ravi said to me, “When will you come back?”
    (b) Ravi said to me, “Do you come back?”
    (c) Ravi said to me, “How will you come back?”
    (d) Ravi said to me, “Will you come back?”
  3. The officer ordered the soldiers, to make a round of the ground.
    (a) The officer said to the soldiers, “Make a round of the ground.”
    (b) The officer said to the soldiers, “Will you make a round of the ground?”
    (c) The officer said to the soldiers, “You will make a round of the ground.”
    (d) None of the above
  4. Vishi told his friends that he had gone to Fun and Food Village the previous day.
    (a) Vishi said to his friends, “He had gone to the Fun and Food Village yesterday.”
    (b) Vishi said to his friends, “I have gone to the Fun and Food Village yesterday.”
    (c) Vishi said to his friends “I go to Fun and Food Village yesterday.”
    (d) Vishi said to his friends “I went to Fun and Food Village yesterday.”

Solution:

  1.  (c)
  2.  (d)
  3.  (a)
  4.  (d)

Question 3:
In each of the following examples, one sentence is in direct speech and its indirect speech have been given. There may be any error in the indirect speech. Three parts of the sentence have been given in the options. Mark you answer as the number of that part. If the sentence (indirect speech) is correct, mark option ‘d’ as your answer.

  1. Direct: I said to her, “I do not like hollywood movies.”
    Indirect: I told her that I do not like hollywood movies.
    (a) I -> She                                            (b) do -> did
    (c) like -> liked                                    (d) No correction required
  2. Direct: Udai said to me, “Do you go to office everyday?”
    Indirect: Udai asked me that I went to office everyday.
    (a) I -> you                                            (b) that -> whether
    (c) everyday-> the previous day       (d) No correction required
  3. Direct: Ravi said to Raj, “Will you drop me to my college?”
    Indirect: Ravi asked Raj whether he would drop him to her college.
    (a) he -> she                                         (b) him -> her
    (c) whether -> to                                 (d) No correction required
  4. Direct: Madhumati said, “Ah! I got the clue.”
    Indirect: Madhumati exclaimed with sorrow that she had got the clue.
    (a) exclaimed->  asked                      (b) sorrow -> joy
    (c) She -> they                                    (d) No correction required

Solution:

  1.  (d) No correction required
  2.  (b) that -> whether
  3.  (b) him -> her
  4.  (b) sorrow ->  joy

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CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Word Power

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Word Power

Better English comes from vocabulary. If you have a sound vocabulary then you have advantage in learning English. Basically, vocabulary comprises antonyms (The opposite word), synonyms (The similar word), Homophones (The words with same sound), one word substitution (one word replacing a group of words) etc.

Synonyms
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Antonyms

Antonyms are the words that have opposite meanings.
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One Word Substitution

One word substitution are defined as single words that are used in place of a group of words to denote a person, an object, a place etc.

  1. A person/object of a foreign origin.                                      Alien
  2. Condition of no government.                                                 Anarchy
  3. One that lives in water.                                                           Aquatic
  4. A group of hearers.                                                                  Audience
  5. One who has no money to pay debt.                                    Bankrupt
  6. One hundred years.                                                                Century
  7. People who work in same office.                                          Colleagues
  8. One who believes easily of anybody.                                   Credulous
  9. Compilation of meanings of words.                                     Dictionary
  10. A vehicle that carries dead body.                                        Hearse
  11. A high spirited (boisterous girl)                                          Hoyden
  12. Against the laws.                                                                    Illegal
  13. That which can’t be heard.                                                   Inaudible
  14. Which can’t be cured.                                                           Incurable
  15. Which can’t be dissolved.                                                    Insoluble
  16. Which can’t be seen.                                                              Invisible
  17. To carry someone with force.                                               Kidnap
  18. A place where books are kept.                                              Library
  19. One who does anything for money.                                     Mercenary
  20. Concerned with marriage.                                                    Matrimonial
  21. One who has bad reputation.                                                Notorious
  22. One who knows everything.                                                  Omniscient
  23. Through which light can’t pass.                                            Opaque
  24. One who prescribes glasses.                                                  Optician
  25. One who sees the brighter side of things.                           Optimist
  26. A child without parents.                                                         Orphan
  27. A remedy for all ills.                                                                 Panacea
  28. One who doesn’t see the brighter side of things.               Pessimist
  29. One who steals from other’s pockets.                                   Pick-pocket
  30. One who is liked by many.                                                      Popular
  31. The medical examination after the death.                            Postmortem
  32. A child born after the death of his father.                            Posthumous
  33. Sexual assault on a lady by a force.                                        Rape
  34. Allowance given to intelligent students.                               Scholarship
  35. One who doesn’t take alcoholic drinks.                                 Teetotaler
  36. An object through which light can pass.                              Transparent
  37. Which can’t be avoided.                                                           Unavoidable
  38. Something which is applied to all.                                        Universal
  39. That is one of a kind.                                                               Unique
  40. One’s own free will.                                                                  Voluntary
  41. A woman whose husband is no more.                                   Widow
  42. A place where birds and animals are kept for visitors.      Zoo

Homophones

Homophones are the words that pronounce the same, but have different meaning are called Homophones.
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Idioms and Phrases

The expression that have a different meaning from its literal meaning.
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CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Adverbs

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Adverbs

Adverbs

Adverbs are the words that add meaning to the verbs, adjectives or to an adverb itself,
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Types of Adverbs

The following types of adverbs are given below.

1. Adverbs of Time
Such adverbs which are used to reflect time.
e.g.

  1. I went there early.
  2. She will come tomorrow.

These are ago, after, already, late, afterward, early, immediately, now, soon, then, shortly, quickly, recently, today, tonight, tomorrow, yesterday etc.

2. Adverbs of Frequency
Adverbs that are used to show how often an event takes place.
e.g.

  1. I have seen him once.
  2. You always make a noise.

These are seldom, often, never, ever, again, once, twice, thrice, always, frequently, usually etc.

3. Adverbs of Manner
Adverbs that are used to show how or in what manner an event takes place,
e.g.

  1. I shall go there certainly.
  2. Read the facts carefully.

These are peacefully, quickly, certainly, loudly, well, carefully, gladly, so, thus, badly, fast etc.

4. Adverbs of Place
Adverbs that are used to show place where an action took place.
e.g.

  1. God is present everywhere.
  2. You may come forward.

These are near, far, away, anywhere, here, there, somewhere, nowhere, forward, backward, in, up, out, down, above, below, inside, outside, within, without, everywhere etc.

5. Adverbs of Quantity/Extent/Degree
Adverbs that are used to show ‘how much’,
e.g.

  1. Yours dress is fantastically awesome.
  2. Poorab is perfectly, fine now.

These are partly, fully, pretty, as, almost, very, more, much, so, enough, any, none, too, rather, little, quite, wholly, perfectly etc.

6. Adverbs of Reason
Adverbs that are used to show a reason of any action.
e.g.

  1. He was late so he was punished.
  2. I didn’t go to office because it was raining.

These are hence, so therefore, because, since, on account of, as a result, consequently, thereby etc.

7. Interrogative Adverbs
Adverbs that show a sense of question,
e.g.

  1. When do they visit the zoo?
  2. How should I explain you?

These are where, when, why, how, how much, how far, how long, how many, how often, etc.

8. Relative Adverbs
Adverbs that are used to join two sentences or two clauses. Relative adverbs indicate their antecedents in the process of joining.
e.g.

  1. This is the way to prepare a chart.
  2. She let me know how to cook halwa.

These are why, how, where, when etc.

9. Position of Adverbs
When adverbs of different types come in a single sentence then the position of adverbs is observed as follows.
M—Adverbs of Manner
P—Adverbs of Position
T—Adverbs of Time
e.g.

  1. Sameer did it beautifully in the school yesterday.
  2. You have to get there soon.

Practice Questions and Solutions

Question 1:
In the following sentences find the adverbs and also indicate its types.

  1. A poor begger stood there for long.
  2. She made this issue very sensational.
  3. Tiger never changes his principle.
  4. Why was the class cancelled by him?
  5. I remember the beautiful place where our bus halted for one hour.

Solution:

  1. there – Adverb of position
  2. very – Adverb of degree
  3. never – Adverb of frequency
  4. Why – Interrogative adverb
  5. where – Relative adverb

Question 2:
Fill in the blanks with suitable adverb
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  1. The movie was ……….. entertaining.
  2. I reached the station an hour …………
  3. He worked …………. when he is in trouble.
  4. Mona was wise …………. to be fool him.
  5. This question is ……….. difficult for me.

Solution:

  1. very
  2. ago
  3. only
  4. enough
  5. too

Question 3:
Match the following.
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Solution:
(i) (d)
(ii) (e)
(iii) (a)
(iv) (b)
(v) (c)

Question 4:
In each of the following examples, choose the correct adverb of place to fill in the gap.

  1. Arjun scanned ………………  for water. But he found it now here.
    (a) near
    (b) everywhere
    (c) within
    (d) above
  2. As you go ……………… in the air, a pressure drops.
    (a) away
    (b) above
    (c) now here
    (d) up
  3. The lady asked them to come ……………… but they resisted.
    (a) out
    (b) far
    (c) inside
    (d) within
  4. Have you kept the knife ……………… the basket?
    (a) upon
    (b) up
    (c) forward
    (d) in
  5. They waited ……………… for some time and then started off.
    (a) out
    (b) here
    (c) far
    (d) near

Solution:

  1. (b) everywhere
  2. (d) up
  3. (c) inside
  4. (d) in
  5. (b) here

Question 5:
In the given sentence an adverb is underlined. For the underlined adverbs four options are marked. Choose the correct options.

  1. When do you go to sleep at night?
    (a) Adverb of degree
    (b) Relative adverb
    (c) Interrogative adverb
    (d) Adverb of place
  2. He knows how to ride a bike.
    (a) Interrogative adverb
    (b) Relative adverb
    (c) Adverb of manner
    (d) Adverb of number
  3. She is too shy to be a model.
    (a) Adverb of degree
    (b) Adverb of place
    (c) Adverb of manner
    (d) Adverb of time
  4. I have never seen a girl like you.
    (a) Adverb of place
    (b) Relative adverb
    (c) Adverb of time
    (d) Adverb of frequency
  5. He received the guest gladly.
    (a) Adverb of number
    (b) Adverb of manner
    (c) Adverb of place
    (d) Adverb of time

Solution:

  1. (c)
  2. (b)
  3. (a)
  4. (d)
  5. (b)

Question 6:
Given below is a passage that has five blanks. Every blank has been numbered and below the passage are printed with four options each. Choose the appropriate option that suits the blank best.

It was Ruhi’s birthday yesterday. We went to the party. She was arrayed in a ……………… (1) beautiful dress. The hall was decorated ……………… (2) with beautiful flowers and balloons. Her parents welcomed everyone ……………… (3) These were cold- drinks, chocolates to enjoy. Children danced ……………… (4) on the tunes of various songs. Adults also enjoyed themselves. Everyone took delight in having the lavish dinner. Ruhi accepted the gifts quite  ……………… (5).

  1. (a) fair
    (b) very
    (c) extreme
    (d) big
  2. (a) magnificently
    (b) acutely
    (c) wisely
    (d) badly
  3. (a) largely
    (b) rightly
    (c) definitely
    (d) heartly
  4. (a) beautiful
    (b) merrily
    (c) properly
    (d) courageously
  5. (a) humbly
    (b) sweetness
    (c) however
    (d) simply

Solution:

  1. (b) very
  2. (a) magnificently
  3. (d) heartly
  4. (b) merrily
  5. (a) humbly

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Verbs

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Verbs

A word that denotes an action or a state of being is called a verb,e.g.

  1. He plays football. (Action word)
  2.  Mr Gupta is a cashier. (State of being)

Types of Verb
The following types of verb are as follow
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Principal Verbs
Action words are called Principal Verbs. All verbs in English language except 24 are principal (main) verbs.
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Principal verbs are two types of verbs

1. Transitive Verb
A verb that takes object with them is called a Transitive Verb.
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2. Intransitive Verb
A verb that does not take any object with it is called an Intransitive Verb,
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Helping Verbs
Verbs that either help in the formation of tense or its mood. Generally helping verbs are used to show the state of being.
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Helping verbs are of two types

1. Auxiliary Verb
Verbs that help in the formation of tense and mood. Here are some auxiliary verbs

  •  Been, being, is, am, are, was, were
  •  Do, does, did
  • Have, has, had
  • Shall, will

2. Modal Verbs
Verbs that denote the mode of action of the main verb are called Modal Verbs. Can, could, may, might, need, dare etc are modals.

Forms of Verb
There are three forms of verbs. When we change the verbs from one form to another, it is called conjugation of verbs.
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Practice Questions and Solutions

Question 1:
In the following sentences identify the principles and helping verbs.

  1. Thieves where running with the loots.
  2. The mother cooks for the family.
  3. College can impart quality of education.
  4.  Plants make their food their by own.
  5. She must finish the work on time.

Solution:

  1.  Principal Verb : running
    Helping Verb : were
  2.  Principal Verb : cooks
    Helping Verb : X
  3.  Principal Verb : impart
    Helping Verb : can
  4.  Principal Verb : make
    Helping Verb : X
  5. Principal Verb : finish
    Helping Verb : must

Question 2:
In the following sentences identify the principles and verbs states its type.

  1.  The baby laughing heartily.
  2.  Students are reading the books.
  3.  Smita writes a long letter.
  4.  The crow was falying high in the sky.
  5. The man was jumping on the floor.

Solution:

  1.  Laughing (Intransitive)
  2.  Reading (Transitive)
  3. Writes (Transitive)
  4. Flying (Intransitive)
  5.  Jumping (Intransitive)

Question 3:
In the following sentences identify the subjects and the objects.

  1.  The foodballer kicks the ball.
  2.  A boy cry loudly in the park.
  3.  Mahi was sleeping in her room.
  4.  The hunter killed the lion.
  5.  Sheela has decorated her house.

Solution:

  1.  Subject : Footballer
    Object : the ball
  2.  Subject : A boy
    Object : X
  3.  Subject : Mahi
    Object : X
  4.  Subject : The hunter
    Object : The lion
  5. Subject : Sheela
    Object : her house

Question 4:
In the questions given below a word or a part of sentence has been underlined. Identify the underlined part and choose the correct option.

  1.  The storm caught the sailor.
    (a) Transitive verb         (b) Intransitive verb
    (c) Helping verb             (d) Modals
  2.  His friend told him not to pluck the flowers.
    (a) Object            (b) Complement
    (c) Pronoun        (d) Linker
  3.  According to me, she should work hard.
    (a) Object       (b) Complement
    (c) Modals      (d) Auxiliary
  4. The gardener trimmed the plants in the garden.
    (a) Object                      (b) Complement
    (c) Intransitive verb    (d) Transitive verb
  5.  The athlete has broken his own record.
    (a) Transitive verb     (b) Intransitive verb
    (c) Helping verb         (d) Modal

Solution:

  1.  (a)
  2. (a)
  3. (c)
  4. (d)
  5. (c)

Question 5:
Fill in the blanks with the correct verb from the options.

  1.  The old man liked to watch the children ……………… in the garden.
    (a) work          (b) see
    (c) play           (d) spit
  2.  Don’t disturb her. She is ……………… an application to her principal for leave.
    (a) wasting      (b) writing
    (c) spending    (d) working
  3.  The king of Spain ……………… to celebrate .Christopher Columbus’ return from his famous royage.
    (a) stated         (b) called
    (c) worte          (d) wished
  4.  His work has …………….. millions of people to escape a great deal of pain.
    (a) gained        (d) wanted
    (c) helped        (d) told
  5.  His duties included ……………… doctors during operations.
    (a) speaking     (b) throwing
    (c) calling         (d) assisting
  6. I would buy a big house If I ……………… Rs. 5 crore.
    (a) spent         (b) caught
    (c) flew           (d) earned
  7.  He could not come because he has ……………… sick.
    (a) met          (b) get
    (c) fallen       (d) visited
  8.  He wanted to ……………… his bungalow for Rs. 10 crore.
    (a) take               (b) sell
    (c) invented       (d) know
  9.  Pollution is ……………… detrimental effects on the lives of all.
    (a) causing        (b) giving
    (c) taking          (d) sharing
  10.  I ……………… my teacher what I wrote.
    (a) printed       (b) showed
    (c) erased         (d) copied

Solution:

  1.  (c)
  2.  (b)
  3. (d)
  4.  (c)
  5.  (d)
  6. (d)
  7.  (c)
  8.  (b)
  9. (a)
  10.  (b)

Question 6:
Use the correct form of the verb given in the brackets to complete the following paragraph.
Mr Koch, the mathematics teacher ……………… (1) (give) Albert the reference he ……………… (2) (want).
Albert ……………… (3) (get) summoned to the head teacher’s room. The head teacher told Albert that his work ……………… (4) (be) terrible and he (will) be punished if he ……………… (5) (continue) the same way. Albert was ……………… (6)(tempt) to say a few words, then thought otherwise.
Solution:

  1.  gave
  2. wanted
  3.  was
  4.  would
  5.  continued
  6. tempted

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Pronoun

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Pronoun

Definition of Pronoun
A pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun and does the work of a noun,
e.g: Ram is a boy. Ram reads in class seventh. Ram is a good athelete.
Ram works hard. Ram obeys his parents. Ram is an ideal student.
Here, A boy Ram has been described and a few of his qualities have been said. But, the repeated use of a noun lets the beauty of writing fade away and hence we need to replace the noun by a pronoun. When we use pronoun in place of the noun then it preserves the beauty of writing.
Ram is a boy. He reads in class seventh. He is a good athelete. He works hard. He obeys his parents. He is an ideal student.
Now, as the pronoun ‘He’ has replaced the noun ‘Ram’ the sentences are very much pleasing to read. Pronoun saves the noun from getting repeated and also beautifies the sentence.

Types of Pronouns

Personal Pronoun
Pronouns that indicate person, thing, animal etc are called personal pronouns.
In English Grammar, there are three types of person

  1. First Person
    The speaker is the first person. I, we, me, us, my, our, mine and ours are pronouns of first person.
  2.  Second Person
    The listener is the second person. You, your and yours are the pronouns of second person.
  3.  Third Person
    About whom/which the speaker is saying something. He, she, it, they, him, her, them, his, her, its, their are pronouns of third person.
    cbse-class-7-english-grammar-pronoun-1
    Read the following examples
    (i) Goldy wants to talk to you.
    (ii) He didn’t his new bicycle.
    (iii) The horse was moving its tail.
    (iv) Jiya said that the bangle was hers.
    (v) Nidhi is has not come today. Do you know where she is.

Indefinite Pronouns
Pronouns that show an indefinite or an uncertain number of people, person or thing,
e.g.

  1.  All were hungry.
  2. None is happy these days.
  3. Some were very much pleased.

Here, all, none, some are indefinite pronouns because they don’t give any certain idea about the number of person or thing.
These are all, none, some, any, much, more, one, many, other, someone, somebody, anyone, anybody etc.

Interrogative Pronouns
Pronouns that are used to ask questions are interrogative pronouns.
e.g.

  1.  What is your name?
  2. Where is the Taj Mahal situated?

Here, what and where are interrogative pronouns as these words are used to ask a question.
These are who, whom, whose, what, which, where, when, why, how, whence, wherever etc.

Relative Pronouns
Pronouns that are used to join two sentences and reveal the relation with the noun that comes before it.
e.g.

  1.  I know the man who is a fighter.
  2.  I like the book which has a hologram.

In the above sentences who and which join the two parts of sentence and reveals the relation with the antecedent noun.
cbse-class-7-english-grammar-pronoun-2
Read the following examples

  1. Sourabh who is a diligent worker is loved by everyone.
  2.  Do you know the girl whom you talked to in the party?
  3. Nigar whose ring was stolen is my neighbour.
  4.  I have returned the money which I borrowed from her.
  5.  It is only the thirteenth question in KBC which may fetch you seven crores.

Demonstrative Pronouns
Pronouns that are used to show or to indicate some nouns are called demonstrative pronoun,
e.g.

  1.  This is my house.
  2. Those are lily flowers.
    cbse-class-7-english-grammar-pronoun-3

Distributive Pronouns
Pronouns that are used to show the distribution of a noun are called Distributive Pronouns,
e.g.

  1.  Each soldier has a gun.
  2. Any of these books will do.

These are none, any, some, each, every, either, neither, no one, everyone, everybody, no body etc.

Reciprocal Pronouns
Pronouns that are made up of two different pronouns and show a mutual relationship are called the Reciprocal Pronouns.
e.g.

  1.  Raj and Seema love each other.
  2.  Indians love one another.
    cbse-class-7-english-grammar-pronoun-4

Reflexive Pronouns
Pronouns that show the effect of work upon the subject are called Reflexive Pronouns,
e.g.

  1.  We enjoyed ourselves.
  2.  She praised herself.

Emphatic Pronouns
When reflexive pronouns are used for the purpose of emphasising it becomes an emphatic pronoun. It is either used just after the subject or in the mid of the sentence,
e.g.

  1.  I myself will go.
  2.  You yourself can make a way.

Practice Questions and Solutions

Question 1:
In the sentences given below identify the pronoun and state its type.

  1. She met me on the highways.
  2.  I forgot my purse in the hall.
  3.  Who are you talking to over the phone.
  4.  She lost the book which I gave her.
  5.  Each and every aspect has been discussed.

Solution:

  1.  She, me – Personal pronoun
  2.  I, my – Personal pronoun
  3.  Who – Interrogative pronoun
    You – Personal pronoun
  4.  She, I, her – Personal pronoun
    Which – Relative pronoun
  5.  Each, every – Distributive pronoun

Question 2:
Fill in the blanks with suitable possessive pronouns.

  1.  We have done ………….. duty.
  2.  She called ………….. mother yesterday.
  3.  You should keep ………….. house clean.
  4.  I can do ………….. work easily.
  5.  The house has ………….. boundaries decorated.

Solution:

  1.  our
  2.  her
  3. your
  4.  my
  5.  its

Question 3:
Fill in the blanks by using suitable interrogative pronoun.

  1.  Do you know ………….. I am?
  2.  In ………….. country does the river Nile flow?
  3.  ………….. are you upset all these days?
  4.  ………….. type of dress would she like?
  5.  ………….. does the bell ring usually?

Solution:

  1.  who
  2.  which
  3.  Why
  4.  Which
  5.  When

Question 4:
Fill in the blanks by using suitable relative pronoun.

  1.  He is the man ………….. did all this.
  2.  I know the way ………….. can lead to highway.
  3.  She broke the vase ………….. her dad had gifted.
  4.  I have done the work ………….. will make you happy.
  5.  The man ………….. is a thief has been shot dead.

Solution:

  1.  who
  2.  that/which
  3.  that/which
  4. that/which
  5.  who

Question 5:
Choose the correct form of pronoun; from among the four options given before each example; to fill in the blanks.

  1.  Most of the politicians work for …………… own selfish interests.
    (a) her           (b) their
    (c) his            (d) themselves
  2.  Do you know ………… name?
    (a) him           (b) his
    (c) himself     (d) her
  3.  The boy ………….. you were waiting for is here.
    (a) him           (b) who
    (c) his            (d) whom
  4.  You should respect ………….. job and take pride in doing it.
    (a) his               (b) her
    (c) our              (d) your
  5.  India is proud of ………….. great, rich culture.
    (a) him             (b) its
    (c) itself            (d) their
  6.  ………….. aim is to eradicate corruption from the world.
    (a) I                    (b) Mine
    (c) Our              (d) Theirs
  7.  They will find out their way by  …………..
    (a) you               (b) them
    (c) himself       (d) themselves
  8.  Angiosperms are the plants ………….. bear flowers and produce fruits.
    (a) which         (b) who
    (c) whose        (d) whom
  9.  He knows ………….. duties as well as rights very well.
    (a) him             (b) theirs
    (c) his               (d) himself
  10.  We must value …………. great heritage.
    (a) our            (b) ourselves
    (c) us              (d) ourself

Solution:

  1.  (b) their
  2.  (b) his
  3.  (d) whom
  4.  (d) your
  5.  (b) its
  6.  (c) Our
  7.  (d) themselves
  8.  (a) which
  9.  (c) his
  10.  (a) our

Question 6:
There are two blanks in each of the following examples. Four pair of options have been provided in each example. Pick the correct pair to form meaningful sentences.

  1. God helps ………….. who helps ………….
    (a) they/themselves
    (b) we/ourselves
    (c) them/themselves
    (d) him/himself
  2.  I don’t know ……… name but I know ………….
    (a) your/her                    (b) her/your
    (c) yourself/himself      (d) your/hers
  3.  Why doesn’t ………… take .…………. medicine on time?
    (a) you/your           (b) she/her
    (c) they/their         (d) he/him
  4.  …………. brain, sometimes doesn’t follow …………….. orders.
    (a) My/my          (b) l/my
    (c) My/mine       (d) My/me
  5.  Anurag …………. participates in the games though ………….. coaches junior players too.
    (a) him/he          (b) his/himself
    (c) himself/he   (d) himself/him

Solution:

  1.  (d) him/himself
  2.  (d) your, hers
  3.  (b) she/her
  4.  (a) my/my
  5.  (c) himself/he

Question 7:
Rewrite the following sentences replacing all the nouns (personal) with suitable pronouns.

  1.  Plato was the greatest disciple of Socrates.
  2.  The man gave some instructions to the woman.
  3.  Why don’t people understand this?
  4.  Shourya tried to recollect the girl’s name.
  5.  The old man took the boy in his arms.

Solution:

  1.  He was the greatest disciple of his.
  2.  He gave some instructions to her.
  3.  Why don’t they understand this?
  4.  He tried to recollect her name.
  5.  He took him in his arms.