Category: CBSE

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Adverbs

Adverbs

Adverbs are the words that add meaning to the verbs, adjectives or to an adverb itself,

Types of Adverbs

The following types of adverbs are given below.

1. Adverbs of Time
Such adverbs which are used to reflect time.
e.g.

1. I went there early.
2. She will come tomorrow.

These are ago, after, already, late, afterward, early, immediately, now, soon, then, shortly, quickly, recently, today, tonight, tomorrow, yesterday etc.

2. Adverbs of Frequency
Adverbs that are used to show how often an event takes place.
e.g.

1. I have seen him once.
2. You always make a noise.

These are seldom, often, never, ever, again, once, twice, thrice, always, frequently, usually etc.

3. Adverbs of Manner
Adverbs that are used to show how or in what manner an event takes place,
e.g.

1. I shall go there certainly.
2. Read the facts carefully.

These are peacefully, quickly, certainly, loudly, well, carefully, gladly, so, thus, badly, fast etc.

4. Adverbs of Place
Adverbs that are used to show place where an action took place.
e.g.

1. God is present everywhere.
2. You may come forward.

These are near, far, away, anywhere, here, there, somewhere, nowhere, forward, backward, in, up, out, down, above, below, inside, outside, within, without, everywhere etc.

5. Adverbs of Quantity/Extent/Degree
Adverbs that are used to show ‘how much’,
e.g.

1. Yours dress is fantastically awesome.
2. Poorab is perfectly, fine now.

These are partly, fully, pretty, as, almost, very, more, much, so, enough, any, none, too, rather, little, quite, wholly, perfectly etc.

6. Adverbs of Reason
Adverbs that are used to show a reason of any action.
e.g.

1. He was late so he was punished.
2. I didn’t go to office because it was raining.

These are hence, so therefore, because, since, on account of, as a result, consequently, thereby etc.

7. Interrogative Adverbs
Adverbs that show a sense of question,
e.g.

1. When do they visit the zoo?
2. How should I explain you?

These are where, when, why, how, how much, how far, how long, how many, how often, etc.

8. Relative Adverbs
Adverbs that are used to join two sentences or two clauses. Relative adverbs indicate their antecedents in the process of joining.
e.g.

1. This is the way to prepare a chart.
2. She let me know how to cook halwa.

These are why, how, where, when etc.

9. Position of Adverbs
When adverbs of different types come in a single sentence then the position of adverbs is observed as follows.
M—Adverbs of Manner
P—Adverbs of Position
T—Adverbs of Time
e.g.

1. Sameer did it beautifully in the school yesterday.
2. You have to get there soon.

Practice Questions and Solutions

Question 1:
In the following sentences find the adverbs and also indicate its types.

1. A poor begger stood there for long.
2. She made this issue very sensational.
3. Tiger never changes his principle.
4. Why was the class cancelled by him?
5. I remember the beautiful place where our bus halted for one hour.

Solution:

1. there – Adverb of position
2. very – Adverb of degree
3. never – Adverb of frequency
4. Why – Interrogative adverb
5. where – Relative adverb

Question 2:
Fill in the blanks with suitable adverb

1. The movie was ……….. entertaining.
2. I reached the station an hour …………
3. He worked …………. when he is in trouble.
4. Mona was wise …………. to be fool him.
5. This question is ……….. difficult for me.

Solution:

1. very
2. ago
3. only
4. enough
5. too

Question 3:
Match the following.

Solution:
(i) (d)
(ii) (e)
(iii) (a)
(iv) (b)
(v) (c)

Question 4:
In each of the following examples, choose the correct adverb of place to fill in the gap.

1. Arjun scanned ………………  for water. But he found it now here.
   (a) near
   (b) everywhere
   (c) within
   (d) above
2. As you go ……………… in the air, a pressure drops.
   (a) away
   (b) above
   (c) now here
   (d) up
3. The lady asked them to come ……………… but they resisted.
   (a) out
   (b) far
   (c) inside
   (d) within
4. Have you kept the knife ……………… the basket?
   (a) upon
   (b) up
   (c) forward
   (d) in
5. They waited ……………… for some time and then started off.
   (a) out
   (b) here
   (c) far
   (d) near

Solution:

1. (b) everywhere
2. (d) up
3. (c) inside
4. (d) in
5. (b) here

Question 5:
In the given sentence an adverb is underlined. For the underlined adverbs four options are marked. Choose the correct options.

1. When do you go to sleep at night?
   (a) Adverb of degree
   (b) Relative adverb
   (c) Interrogative adverb
   (d) Adverb of place
2. He knows how to ride a bike.
   (a) Interrogative adverb
   (b) Relative adverb
   (c) Adverb of manner
   (d) Adverb of number
3. She is too shy to be a model.
   (a) Adverb of degree
   (b) Adverb of place
   (c) Adverb of manner
   (d) Adverb of time
4. I have never seen a girl like you.
   (a) Adverb of place
   (b) Relative adverb
   (c) Adverb of time
   (d) Adverb of frequency
5. He received the guest gladly.
   (a) Adverb of number
   (b) Adverb of manner
   (c) Adverb of place
   (d) Adverb of time

Solution:

1. (c)
2. (b)
3. (a)
4. (d)
5. (b)

Question 6:
Given below is a passage that has five blanks. Every blank has been numbered and below the passage are printed with four options each. Choose the appropriate option that suits the blank best.

It was Ruhi’s birthday yesterday. We went to the party. She was arrayed in a ……………… (1) beautiful dress. The hall was decorated ……………… (2) with beautiful flowers and balloons. Her parents welcomed everyone ……………… (3) These were cold- drinks, chocolates to enjoy. Children danced ……………… (4) on the tunes of various songs. Adults also enjoyed themselves. Everyone took delight in having the lavish dinner. Ruhi accepted the gifts quite  ……………… (5).

1. (a) fair
   (b) very
   (c) extreme
   (d) big
2. (a) magnificently
   (b) acutely
   (c) wisely
   (d) badly
3. (a) largely
   (b) rightly
   (c) definitely
   (d) heartly
4. (a) beautiful
   (b) merrily
   (c) properly
   (d) courageously
5. (a) humbly
   (b) sweetness
   (c) however
   (d) simply

Solution:

1. (b) very
2. (a) magnificently
3. (d) heartly
4. (b) merrily
5. (a) humbly

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Verbs

A word that denotes an action or a state of being is called a verb,e.g.

1. He plays football. (Action word)
2.  Mr Gupta is a cashier. (State of being)

Types of Verb
The following types of verb are as follow

Principal Verbs
Action words are called Principal Verbs. All verbs in English language except 24 are principal (main) verbs.

Principal verbs are two types of verbs

1. Transitive Verb
A verb that takes object with them is called a Transitive Verb.

2. Intransitive Verb
A verb that does not take any object with it is called an Intransitive Verb,

Helping Verbs
Verbs that either help in the formation of tense or its mood. Generally helping verbs are used to show the state of being.

Helping verbs are of two types

1. Auxiliary Verb
Verbs that help in the formation of tense and mood. Here are some auxiliary verbs

•  Been, being, is, am, are, was, were
•  Do, does, did
• Have, has, had
• Shall, will

2. Modal Verbs
Verbs that denote the mode of action of the main verb are called Modal Verbs. Can, could, may, might, need, dare etc are modals.

Forms of Verb
There are three forms of verbs. When we change the verbs from one form to another, it is called conjugation of verbs.

Practice Questions and Solutions

Question 1:
In the following sentences identify the principles and helping verbs.

1. Thieves where running with the loots.
2. The mother cooks for the family.
3. College can impart quality of education.
4.  Plants make their food their by own.
5. She must finish the work on time.

Solution:

1.  Principal Verb : running
   Helping Verb : were
2.  Principal Verb : cooks
   Helping Verb : X
3.  Principal Verb : impart
   Helping Verb : can
4.  Principal Verb : make
   Helping Verb : X
5. Principal Verb : finish
   Helping Verb : must

Question 2:
In the following sentences identify the principles and verbs states its type.

1.  The baby laughing heartily.
2.  Students are reading the books.
3.  Smita writes a long letter.
4.  The crow was falying high in the sky.
5. The man was jumping on the floor.

Solution:

1.  Laughing (Intransitive)
2.  Reading (Transitive)
3. Writes (Transitive)
4. Flying (Intransitive)
5.  Jumping (Intransitive)

Question 3:
In the following sentences identify the subjects and the objects.

1.  The foodballer kicks the ball.
2.  A boy cry loudly in the park.
3.  Mahi was sleeping in her room.
4.  The hunter killed the lion.
5.  Sheela has decorated her house.

Solution:

1.  Subject : Footballer
   Object : the ball
2.  Subject : A boy
   Object : X
3.  Subject : Mahi
   Object : X
4.  Subject : The hunter
   Object : The lion
5. Subject : Sheela
   Object : her house

Question 4:
In the questions given below a word or a part of sentence has been underlined. Identify the underlined part and choose the correct option.

1.  The storm caught the sailor.
   (a) Transitive verb         (b) Intransitive verb
   (c) Helping verb             (d) Modals
2.  His friend told him not to pluck the flowers.
   (a) Object            (b) Complement
   (c) Pronoun        (d) Linker
3.  According to me, she should work hard.
   (a) Object       (b) Complement
   (c) Modals      (d) Auxiliary
4. The gardener trimmed the plants in the garden.
   (a) Object                      (b) Complement
   (c) Intransitive verb    (d) Transitive verb
5.  The athlete has broken his own record.
   (a) Transitive verb     (b) Intransitive verb
   (c) Helping verb         (d) Modal

Solution:

1.  (a)
2. (a)
3. (c)
4. (d)
5. (c)

Question 5:
Fill in the blanks with the correct verb from the options.

1.  The old man liked to watch the children ……………… in the garden.
   (a) work          (b) see
   (c) play           (d) spit
2.  Don’t disturb her. She is ……………… an application to her principal for leave.
   (a) wasting      (b) writing
   (c) spending    (d) working
3.  The king of Spain ……………… to celebrate .Christopher Columbus’ return from his famous royage.
   (a) stated         (b) called
   (c) worte          (d) wished
4.  His work has …………….. millions of people to escape a great deal of pain.
   (a) gained        (d) wanted
   (c) helped        (d) told
5.  His duties included ……………… doctors during operations.
   (a) speaking     (b) throwing
   (c) calling         (d) assisting
6. I would buy a big house If I ……………… Rs. 5 crore.
   (a) spent         (b) caught
   (c) flew           (d) earned
7.  He could not come because he has ……………… sick.
   (a) met          (b) get
   (c) fallen       (d) visited
8.  He wanted to ……………… his bungalow for Rs. 10 crore.
   (a) take               (b) sell
   (c) invented       (d) know
9.  Pollution is ……………… detrimental effects on the lives of all.
   (a) causing        (b) giving
   (c) taking          (d) sharing
10.  I ……………… my teacher what I wrote.
    (a) printed       (b) showed
    (c) erased         (d) copied

Solution:

1.  (c)
2.  (b)
3. (d)
4.  (c)
5.  (d)
6. (d)
7.  (c)
8.  (b)
9. (a)
10.  (b)

Question 6:
Use the correct form of the verb given in the brackets to complete the following paragraph.
Mr Koch, the mathematics teacher ……………… (1) (give) Albert the reference he ……………… (2) (want).
Albert ……………… (3) (get) summoned to the head teacher’s room. The head teacher told Albert that his work ……………… (4) (be) terrible and he (will) be punished if he ……………… (5) (continue) the same way. Albert was ……………… (6)(tempt) to say a few words, then thought otherwise.
Solution:

1.  gave
2. wanted
3.  was
4.  would
5.  continued
6. tempted

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Pronoun

Definition of Pronoun
A pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun and does the work of a noun,
e.g: Ram is a boy. Ram reads in class seventh. Ram is a good athelete.
Ram works hard. Ram obeys his parents. Ram is an ideal student.
Here, A boy Ram has been described and a few of his qualities have been said. But, the repeated use of a noun lets the beauty of writing fade away and hence we need to replace the noun by a pronoun. When we use pronoun in place of the noun then it preserves the beauty of writing.
Ram is a boy. He reads in class seventh. He is a good athelete. He works hard. He obeys his parents. He is an ideal student.
Now, as the pronoun ‘He’ has replaced the noun ‘Ram’ the sentences are very much pleasing to read. Pronoun saves the noun from getting repeated and also beautifies the sentence.

Types of Pronouns

Personal Pronoun
Pronouns that indicate person, thing, animal etc are called personal pronouns.
In English Grammar, there are three types of person

1. First Person
   The speaker is the first person. I, we, me, us, my, our, mine and ours are pronouns of first person.
2.  Second Person
   The listener is the second person. You, your and yours are the pronouns of second person.
3.  Third Person
   About whom/which the speaker is saying something. He, she, it, they, him, her, them, his, her, its, their are pronouns of third person.
   
   Read the following examples
   (i) Goldy wants to talk to you.
   (ii) He didn’t his new bicycle.
   (iii) The horse was moving its tail.
   (iv) Jiya said that the bangle was hers.
   (v) Nidhi is has not come today. Do you know where she is.

Indefinite Pronouns
Pronouns that show an indefinite or an uncertain number of people, person or thing,
e.g.

1.  All were hungry.
2. None is happy these days.
3. Some were very much pleased.

Here, all, none, some are indefinite pronouns because they don’t give any certain idea about the number of person or thing.
These are all, none, some, any, much, more, one, many, other, someone, somebody, anyone, anybody etc.

Interrogative Pronouns
Pronouns that are used to ask questions are interrogative pronouns.
e.g.

1.  What is your name?
2. Where is the Taj Mahal situated?

Here, what and where are interrogative pronouns as these words are used to ask a question.
These are who, whom, whose, what, which, where, when, why, how, whence, wherever etc.

Relative Pronouns
Pronouns that are used to join two sentences and reveal the relation with the noun that comes before it.
e.g.

1.  I know the man who is a fighter.
2.  I like the book which has a hologram.

In the above sentences who and which join the two parts of sentence and reveals the relation with the antecedent noun.

Read the following examples

1. Sourabh who is a diligent worker is loved by everyone.
2.  Do you know the girl whom you talked to in the party?
3. Nigar whose ring was stolen is my neighbour.
4.  I have returned the money which I borrowed from her.
5.  It is only the thirteenth question in KBC which may fetch you seven crores.

Demonstrative Pronouns
Pronouns that are used to show or to indicate some nouns are called demonstrative pronoun,
e.g.

1.  This is my house.
2. Those are lily flowers.
   

Distributive Pronouns
Pronouns that are used to show the distribution of a noun are called Distributive Pronouns,
e.g.

1.  Each soldier has a gun.
2. Any of these books will do.

These are none, any, some, each, every, either, neither, no one, everyone, everybody, no body etc.

Reciprocal Pronouns
Pronouns that are made up of two different pronouns and show a mutual relationship are called the Reciprocal Pronouns.
e.g.

1.  Raj and Seema love each other.
2.  Indians love one another.
   

Reflexive Pronouns
Pronouns that show the effect of work upon the subject are called Reflexive Pronouns,
e.g.

1.  We enjoyed ourselves.
2.  She praised herself.

Emphatic Pronouns
When reflexive pronouns are used for the purpose of emphasising it becomes an emphatic pronoun. It is either used just after the subject or in the mid of the sentence,
e.g.

1.  I myself will go.
2.  You yourself can make a way.

Practice Questions and Solutions

Question 1:
In the sentences given below identify the pronoun and state its type.

1. She met me on the highways.
2.  I forgot my purse in the hall.
3.  Who are you talking to over the phone.
4.  She lost the book which I gave her.
5.  Each and every aspect has been discussed.

Solution:

1.  She, me – Personal pronoun
2.  I, my – Personal pronoun
3.  Who – Interrogative pronoun
   You – Personal pronoun
4.  She, I, her – Personal pronoun
   Which – Relative pronoun
5.  Each, every – Distributive pronoun

Question 2:
Fill in the blanks with suitable possessive pronouns.

1.  We have done ………….. duty.
2.  She called ………….. mother yesterday.
3.  You should keep ………….. house clean.
4.  I can do ………….. work easily.
5.  The house has ………….. boundaries decorated.

Solution:

1.  our
2.  her
3. your
4.  my
5.  its

Question 3:
Fill in the blanks by using suitable interrogative pronoun.

1.  Do you know ………….. I am?
2.  In ………….. country does the river Nile flow?
3.  ………….. are you upset all these days?
4.  ………….. type of dress would she like?
5.  ………….. does the bell ring usually?

Solution:

1.  who
2.  which
3.  Why
4.  Which
5.  When

Question 4:
Fill in the blanks by using suitable relative pronoun.

1.  He is the man ………….. did all this.
2.  I know the way ………….. can lead to highway.
3.  She broke the vase ………….. her dad had gifted.
4.  I have done the work ………….. will make you happy.
5.  The man ………….. is a thief has been shot dead.

Solution:

1.  who
2.  that/which
3.  that/which
4. that/which
5.  who

Question 5:
Choose the correct form of pronoun; from among the four options given before each example; to fill in the blanks.

1.  Most of the politicians work for …………… own selfish interests.
   (a) her           (b) their
   (c) his            (d) themselves
2.  Do you know ………… name?
   (a) him           (b) his
   (c) himself     (d) her
3.  The boy ………….. you were waiting for is here.
   (a) him           (b) who
   (c) his            (d) whom
4.  You should respect ………….. job and take pride in doing it.
   (a) his               (b) her
   (c) our              (d) your
5.  India is proud of ………….. great, rich culture.
   (a) him             (b) its
   (c) itself            (d) their
6.  ………….. aim is to eradicate corruption from the world.
   (a) I                    (b) Mine
   (c) Our              (d) Theirs
7.  They will find out their way by  …………..
   (a) you               (b) them
   (c) himself       (d) themselves
8.  Angiosperms are the plants ………….. bear flowers and produce fruits.
   (a) which         (b) who
   (c) whose        (d) whom
9.  He knows ………….. duties as well as rights very well.
   (a) him             (b) theirs
   (c) his               (d) himself
10.  We must value …………. great heritage.
    (a) our            (b) ourselves
    (c) us              (d) ourself

Solution:

1.  (b) their
2.  (b) his
3.  (d) whom
4.  (d) your
5.  (b) its
6.  (c) Our
7.  (d) themselves
8.  (a) which
9.  (c) his
10.  (a) our

Question 6:
There are two blanks in each of the following examples. Four pair of options have been provided in each example. Pick the correct pair to form meaningful sentences.

1. God helps ………….. who helps ………….
   (a) they/themselves
   (b) we/ourselves
   (c) them/themselves
   (d) him/himself
2.  I don’t know ……… name but I know ………….
   (a) your/her                    (b) her/your
   (c) yourself/himself      (d) your/hers
3.  Why doesn’t ………… take .…………. medicine on time?
   (a) you/your           (b) she/her
   (c) they/their         (d) he/him
4.  …………. brain, sometimes doesn’t follow …………….. orders.
   (a) My/my          (b) l/my
   (c) My/mine       (d) My/me
5.  Anurag …………. participates in the games though ………….. coaches junior players too.
   (a) him/he          (b) his/himself
   (c) himself/he   (d) himself/him

Solution:

1.  (d) him/himself
2.  (d) your, hers
3.  (b) she/her
4.  (a) my/my
5.  (c) himself/he

Question 7:
Rewrite the following sentences replacing all the nouns (personal) with suitable pronouns.

1.  Plato was the greatest disciple of Socrates.
2.  The man gave some instructions to the woman.
3.  Why don’t people understand this?
4.  Shourya tried to recollect the girl’s name.
5.  The old man took the boy in his arms.

Solution:

1.  He was the greatest disciple of his.
2.  He gave some instructions to her.
3.  Why don’t they understand this?
4.  He tried to recollect her name.
5.  He took him in his arms.

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – The Sentence

Definition of Sentence
A group of words that is arranged in a proper order and gives a complete meaning is called a sentence.
e.g.

1.  Delhi is the capital of India.
2.  Manohar is the captain of team.

Subject
A subject is a noun or pronoun that either does the work or about whom/which something is stated.
e.g.

1.  Ram is reading a book. (Subject)
   Here, Ram is the doer of the action as he is busy in reading his book. So, Ram is the subject.
2.  Peacock is a beautiful bird. (Subject)
   Here, something has been said about the beauty of the peacock. So, peacock is the subject.

Object
An object is a word which receives the effect of action done by the subject,
e.g.

1.  Leader has distributed blankets. (Object)
2.  Maya writes a poem. (Object)

Here, leader and Maya are the subjects who perfom the action of distributing and writing respectively. The nouns ‘blankets’ and ‘poem’ receive the effect of the action done by the subject.

Complement
Complement is a word or a group of words that adds more meaning to the subject or to the object.
e.g.

1.  John is playing football in the ground. (Complement)
2.  Vijay is going to library for books. (Complement)

The word or group of words indicated as complement adds up to the meaning of the subject or object. Earlier, we have studied what is a sentence. Now we shall learn about the parts of sentence and the types of sentence.

Types of Sentences
The following types of sentences are given below
Assertive or Declarative Sentences
Assertive sentences are the statements that give information about something or some action.
They are positive as well as negative.

Interrogative Sentences
Interrogative sentences are those sentences that make a question sense.
e.g.

1.  Do you read your book?
2.  What is your native language?

Note: An interrogative sentence always ends with a mark of interrogation (?). This is the way to identify the interrogative sentences.

Types of Interrogative Sentences
Interrogative sentences are of two types

1.  Yes/No Interrogatives These are closed ended interrogatives where the answers are in the form of yes or no.
   e.g.  (a) Have you got some time?
   Yes, I have.
   No, I have not.
   (b) Did you have your lunch?
   Yes, I had.
   No, I did not.
2.  ‘Wh’ Interrogatives These are the types of interrogatives that use ‘wh’ words with them. Wh, words are what, why, where, when, how.
   e.g. (a) Why are you crying?
   (b) When do we play?
   

Imperative Sentences
Imperative sentences are the sentences that express order command, instructions, advice and request.
They begin with a ‘verb’, e.g.

1.  Bring the paper.
2.  Stand in the queue.
3.  Take left for church.
4.  Practice Maths regularly.
5.  Help the needy and poor.

Exclamatory Sentences
Sentences that are used to show internal emotions or abstract feelings are exclamatory sentences,
e.g.

1.  Shit! I have done the wrong.
2.  Alas! She lost her mother.
3.  Bravo! The man showed courage.
4.  Hurrah! We conquered.

Note: Exclamatory sentences can be easily understood with the help of Words of exclamation.
(Words that show sudden or abstract feelings). Sign of exclamation (I).

Optative Sentences
Sentences that show wish, desire or entreaty are called optative sentences.
e.g.

1.  May God bless you.
2.  I wish I were a bird.
3.  May you achieve great success in your life.
4.  I wish we had studied earlier.

Interchange of Sentence

Interchange of Positive into Negative Sentence
When a positive sentence is to -be changed into negative then we should use ‘not’ between helping verb and the main verb of the sentence.
e.g.

1.  She was writing poems. (Positive)
   She was not writing poems. (Negative)
2.  I was playing cricket. (Positive)
   I was not playing cricket. (Negative)

Note: In simple present and simple past tenses there may be no helping verb and if it is the case then we use do/does/did as the helping verb in forming a negative statement.

Rule 1
If a sentence contains an amount or magnitude  or number of something then negative adding ‘no’. is made by
e.g.

1.  She has a car. (Positive)
   She has no car. (Negative)
2.  Puneet had some sugar. (Positive)
   Puneet had no sugar. (Negative)

Rule 2
When indefinite pronouns like somebody, someone, anybody or anyone are used then to make a negative sentence nobody or none is used.
e.g.

1.  Somebody has called you. (Positive)
   Nobody has called you. (Negative)
2.  Anybody can read a book. (Positive)
   Nobody can read a book. (Negative)

Rule 3
A positive sentence can be changed into negative by using another word which is the
antonym in the negative sentence.
e.g.

1.  Rahim is a good boy. (Positive)
   Rahim is a bad boy. (Negative)
2.  1 am fit for this job. (Positive)
   1 am unfit for this job. (Negative)

Rule 4
Positive sentence can be changed into negative by using ‘neither-nor’ also.
e.g.

1.  He is a poet and teacher. (Positive)
   He is neither a poet nor a teacher. (Negative)
2.  Mr John is the chairman and the secretary. (Positive)
   Mr John is neither the chairman nor the secretary. (Negative)

Interchange of Positive into Interrogative Sentence

Rule 1
A positive sentence can be changed into interrogative sentence by putting the helping verb before subject.
e.g.

1.  Children are playing. (Positive)
   Are children playing? (Interrogative)
2.  She had finished the work. (Positive)
   Had she finished the work? (Interrogative)

Rule 2
A positive sentence can be changed into an interrogative sentence by using ‘Wh’ words.
e.g.

1.  The baby is crying. (Positive)
   Why is the baby crying? (Interrogative)
2.  Farmers plough the field. (Positive)
   When do farmers plough the field? (Interrogative)

Parts of Sentence

Subject

•  Doer of action.
•  About whom/which something is said.
  

Predicate
The part of sentence that has a verb and that states something about the subject.

Practice Questions and Solutions

Question 1:
Identify subject, helping verb and verb in the following sentences.

1.  The Ganga is providing water for agriculture.
2.  Workmen work in their fields.
3.  Teacher teaches the pupils.
4.  They have completed the work.
5.  Was Seema busy with her friend?

Solution:

1. Subject – The Ganga
   Helping verb – is
   Verb – providing
2. Subject – Workmen
   Helping verb – X
   Verb – work
3. Subject – Teacher
   Helping verb – X
   Verb – teaches
4. Subject – They
   Helping verb – have
   Verb – completed
5.  Subject – Seema
   Helping verb – was
   Verb – X

Question 2:
Identify the object and complement in the following sentences. If there is no object or no complement then indicate the same.

1.  The dog is barking in the field.
2.  The peon rings the bell always.
3.  A tiger is a dangerous animal.
4.  River gives life to the people.
5.  It is raining in Delhi.

Solution:

1. Object – X
   Complement – in the field
2. Object – the bell
   Complement – always
3. Object – X
   Complement – dangerous animal
4. Object – life, people
   Complement – X
5. Object – X
   Complement – In Delhi

Question 3:

Solution:
(i) (c)             (ii) (a)             (iii) (e)              (iv) (b)                (v) (d)

Question 4:
Choose the correct option from the given questions.
A postman delivers the letter to people.

1.  Which is the subject of the sentence?
   (a) Letter              (b) People
   (c) A postman     (d) Delivers
2.  Which is the object of the sentence?
   (a) A postman     (b) The letter
   (c) People             (d) Delivers
3.  Which is the verb of the sentence?
   (a) Delivers         (b) A postman
   (c) People            (d) The letter
4.  Which is the complement of the sentence?
   (a) People           (b) Postman
   (c) Letter            (d) None of these
5.  Subject of the sentence is
   (a) doer of the action
   (b) about whom/which something is said
   (c) cannot be decided
   (d) Both ‘a’ and ‘b’

Solution:

1. (c)
2. (b)
3. (a)
4. (a)
5. (a)

Question 5:
In the following sentences identify the subject and the predicate.

1.  The car broke down in the middle.
2.  A clever boy dodged the man there.
3.  One who thinks good does good always.
4.  The dull shopkeeper made no sale today.
5.  Eager people get success in Science.

Solution:

1. Subject – The car
   Predicate – broke down in the middle.
2. Subject – A clever boy
   Predicate – dodged the man there.
3. Subject – One who thinks good does
   Predicate – good always.
4. Subject – The dull shopkeeper made
   Predicate – no sale today.
5. Subject – Eager people get success in
   Predicate – science.

Question 6:
Identify the kind of the sentences given below. Write in your notebook.

1.  May our team; win the match.
2.  She could not appear for the party.
3.  How did you manage the affair?
4.  One could be fined Rs. 200 for this.
5.  Wow! what a blissful sight it is.

Solution:

1. Optative
2. Negative
3. Interrogative
4. Positive
5. Exclamatory

Question 7:
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words given in the box.

1. Father asked the children ………. books do they want to purchase?
2. ………. does this bus leave for Agra?
3.  ………. has happened to you?
4.  ………… is the chief secretary of UNO?
5.  ………. are you going so early in the morning?

Solution:

1.  which
2.  When
3.  What
4.  Who
5.  Where

Question 8:
In the sentehces below identify the type of sentences.

1.  Ouch! my finger gets a cut.
2.  Nothing is possible without money.
3.  Why was a large dam built there?
4.  The tiger moved with rage in the jungle.
5.  My mother wants me to do the study.

Solution:

1.  Exclamatory Sentence
2.  Negative Sentence
3.  Interrogative Sentence
4.  Positive Sentence
5.  Optative Sentence

Question 9:
Change these positive sentences into negative sentences.

1.  India is a populous country.
2.  The weather is very fine today.
3.  Indian economy is increasing these days.
4.  Bank provides the loan to its Customers.
5.  The cow is a very useful quadruped.

Solution:

1.  India is not a populous country.
2.  The weather is not very fine today.
3.  Indian economy is not increasing these days.
4.  Bank does not provide loan to its customers.
5.  The cow is not a very useful quadruped.

Question 10:
Change these positive sentences into the interrogative sentences.

1.  Metro is a convenient mode of transport.
2.  People love to reside in cities.
3.  One should work hard to get success.
4.  The snake charmer plays his flute well.
5.  Leaders are unpredictable people.

Solution:

1.  Is metro a convenient mode of transport?
2.  Do people love to reside in cities?
3.  Should one work hard to get success?
4.  Does the snake charmer play his flute well?
5.  Are leaders unpredictable people?

Question 11:
In the sentences given below, there are four options to each. Identify the sentence and choose the correct options.

1. None came to the rescue.
   (a) Positive sentence
   (b) Negative sentence
   (c) Imperative sentence
   (d) Optative sentence
2. She always misguides others.
   (a) Positive sentence
   (b) Negative sentence
   (c) Imperative sentence
   (d) Optative sentence
3. Grandma loves to buy the Ramayana.
   (a) Positive sentence
   (b) Negative sentence
   (c) Interrogative sentence
   (d) Optative sentence
4. Why there a decline in the rainfall?
   (a) Positive sentence
   (b) Negative sentence
   (c) Interrogative sentence
   (d) Optative sentence
5. What a pleasant surprise your arrival is!
   (a) Interrogative sentence
   (b) Imperative sentence
   (c) Optative sentence
   (d) Exclamatory sentence

Solution:

1. (b)
2. (a)
3. (d)
4. (c)
5. (d)

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Conjunctions or Sentence Connectors

Definition of Conjunction

A conjunction is a word that joins two words, two sentences or two clauses together,
e.g.

1. Pride and honour, (‘and’ is a conjunction joins the words pride, honour).
2. She is a singer.
   He is a dentist.
   She is a singer, but he is a dentist.
   (Conjunction ‘but’ here join two sentences).
3. The poor had died before the government distributed food.
   (‘Before’ here is a conjunction which is joining two sentences).

Types of Conjunctions

There are five types of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions, sub-ordinating conjunctions, compound conjunctions and linking adverbs and transition words.

1. Coordinating Conjunctions
The coordinating conjunctions are used to connect words, phrases and clauses of equal ranks. The coordinating conjunctions include : (and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so).

• And: It is used to combine two words, sentences or ideas,
  e.g.
  1. I like to drink tea and coffee.
  2. He eats cake, chocolate, pastry and chips.
• But: It is used to connect to contrast ideas,
  e.g.
  1. Andy likes red, but Sophie likes blue.
  2. I am dancing, but she is singing.
• Or: It is used to express a choice between two things,
  e.g.
  1. You can eat it with a fork or a spoon.
  2. You are making the diagram horizontally or vertically.
• Nor: It is used to combine two words or ideas both of which are to be negated,
  e.g.
  1. Ram is drinking neither hot chocolate nor coffee.
  2. Kiran has not come nor has Shyam.
• For: It is used as a conjunction of purpose or reason,
  e.g.
  1. I cannot attend the meeting for I am unwell.
  2. I am not willing to spend so much money on it for it is very expensive.
• Yet: It is used to express that something has not happened but you expect it to happen.
  e.g.
  1. I am not very comfortable doing it yet I will try doing it.
  2. Rocky terrorises the poodles next door yet adores the German Shepherd across the street.
• So: It is used as a conjunction of result or consequence.
  e.g.
  1. Everyone was busy in work, so I brought all the items myself.
  2. All the rooms of the hotel were occupied, so I had to shift here.

2. Correlative Conjunctions
Those conjunctions that are used in pairs to connect two words, phrases or sentences are known as correlative conjunctions.

• Either … Or: It is used to show choice between two things.
  e.g.
  1. Either Max or James has taken the pen.
  2. I will drink either cold coffee or ice tea.
• Neither … Nor: It is used to refuse both of the choices.
  e.g.
  1. I will go to neither Jaipur nor Jaisalmer.
  2. Neither they are writing nor are they allowing me to write.
• Both … And: It is used to combine two ideas.
  e.g.
  1. My brother is both smart and intelligent.
  2. I will eat both North Indian food and Chinese food.
• Whether … Or: It is used to express doubt or choice between two things.
  e.g.
  1. Tell me whether you will do it or not.
  2. Do you know whether it will be raining today or not?
• Not Only … But Also: It is used to express the inclusion of more than one things.
  e.g.
  1. She is not only a dancer but also singer.
  2. We are not only composing the music for a film but also directing a film.

3. Sub-ordinating Conjunctions
A sub-ordinating conjunction joins a clause to another on which it depends for its full meaning.
Here is the list of the sub-ordinating conjunction.

• After: It is used to express the sequence of happening of two things.
  e.g.
  1. I will drink the milk after my brother drinks it.
  2. You could go and play after you have done the dishes.
• If: ‘If’ is used to express a condition in the clause.
  e.g.
  1. If you work hard you will pass.
  2. She may look beautiful if she uses this cream.
• Though, Although and Even though: It is used to show a contrast between the two clauses.
  e.g.
  1. Though he is poor, he is honest.
  2. Though she was intelligent, she failed.
  3. I am happy although I want to be more.
  4. Although they are good at it, they did mistakes.
  5. I was late to my work even though I helped the old lady.
• If Only: It is used to show a specific condition stated in the clause.
  e.g.
  • If only, I would be a Prime Minister.
  • I could get there, if only, tomorrow.
• Till: It is used to show the extent of time in the clause,
  e.g.
  1. Wait here till I come.
  2. He practised for the exams till late.
• As: It is used to show time, cause and reason in a sentence,
  e.g.
  1. As I left my home, I found a purse.
  2. She is weak as she was ill.
• In order that: It is used to show the purpose in the sentence.
  e.g.
  1. We eat in order that we may live.
  2. She walked faster in order that she could got the bus.
• Unless: It shows the negativity stated in a condition,
  e.g.
  1. You will not pass unless you study.
  2. She will not stop crying unless she meets her father.
• As if: This is used to show an imaginary condition in a sentence.
  e.g.
  1. He talks to me as if he were my boss.
  2. She behaves as if she were a dictator.
• Now that: This is used to show a current situation which is the outcome of some past event.
  e.g.
  1. Now that it is clear India is in the semifinal, we are celebrating.
  2. Now that her marriage has been fixed she wanted to quit her job.
• Until: It shows the negativity related to time in a sentence.
  e.g.
  1. Do not go until I come.
  2. They are not ready to pay until they get the house.
• As long as: It is used to show the extent of time and its duration related to an event.
  e.g.
  1. As long as electricity is supplied, the machine will run.
  2. She is the new captain as long as the previous captain recovers.
• Once: It shows the limited frequency of an event to one.
  e.g.
  1. Once she was in England,
  2. I take tea once in a day.
• When: It shows the time related to an event in a sentence.
  e.g.
  1. I know the time when she was born.
  2. She is aware when they could harm her.
• As though: It shows the manner of an event in the sentence.
  e.g.
  1. He showed the anger as though he were the victim of it.
  2. She cared the baby as though she were her mother.
• Rather than: This is used to show preferences or choices in a sentence.
  e.g.
  1. She would die rather than beg.
  2. I would live in Delhi rather than London.
• Whenever: This shows the definite situation in a sentence.
  e.g.
  1. Whenever I wanted to meet him, he didn’t come.
  2. I keep myself in my mother’s cap whenever I feel sad.
• Because: It is used to express the reason of an action.
  e.g.
  1. I will eat a pizza because I am hungry.
  2. We have to clean the house because tomorrow is Diwali.
• Since: This is used to show a time reference in a sentence.
  e.g.
  1. I have been doing this since January.
  2. She may pass since she had studied this subject.
• Where: It shows place or position specification in a sentence.
  e.g.
  1. I do not know where it is to be kept.
  2. She may go where she wanted to.
• Before: It is used to show a position, a time that states an event finished earlier.
  e.g.
  1. Get ready to go before the jury.
  2. She had written a letter before me.
• So that: It is used to show a result or an outcome of any event.
  e.g.
  1. She is reading so that she can pass.
  2. India is planning to enter manufacturing so that revenue can be generated.
• Whereas: It shows the contrast between the two clauses.
  e.g.
  1. She is intelligent whereas her brother is not.
  2. America is developed whereas India is developing.
• Even if: It is used to put a stress on the given conditionals.
  e.g.
  1. I shall not give it you even if I am told officially.
  2. She will continue her education even if she gets married.
• Than: It is used for the purpose of comparison,
  e.g.
  1. It is better to leave than doing it.
  2. It was easier said than done.
• Wherever: It is used to put positional stress in a sentence.
  e.g.
  1. I shall go with you wherever you go.
  2. Police shall take him out no matter wherever he has hidden himself.
• That: It is used to join the two different clauses in the sentence.
  e.g.
  1. She told me that she was a poet.
  2. They know that you can be handy.
• While: It is used to combine the two dynamic verbs that may be simultaneous or may not be.
  e.g.
  1. I was reading while eating.
  2. She was talking while crossing.
• On condition that: It is used to express a condition which is a necessity for another action.
  e.g.
  1. I can give you this book on condition that you will keep it safe.
  2. She returned the phone on condition that he would never irritate her.
• Provided: It is used to express a conditional statement which is either a warning or a requirement for the other action.
  e.g.
  1. You may go on leave provided the project is finished on time.
  2. She will marry you provided she is allowed to study further.

4. Compound Conjunctions
Compound conjunctions are the groups of words (phrases) that are used as conjunction.
Definitions of Compound Conjunctions

5. Linking Adverbs and Transition Words
These are used to connect two independent clauses or sentences. The linking adverbs and transition words are used to provide transition between ideas. Linking adverbs and transition words include.

Practice Questions and Solutions

Question 1:
In the sentences given below fill in the blanks with the suitable conjunctions.

1. He is both a singer …………..  drummer.
2. Ramu is poor …………..  he managed to educate his son.
3.  ………….. he is trusted, he cheated his boss.
4. Stuart is taller …………..  his friend Jack.
5. Father came to know …………..  his son has passed.
6. I won’t pay you …………..  you show me your card.
7. A good bowler knows …………..  to deliver a bouncer.
8. …………..  he was captain, he was to be blamed for loss.
9. It’s my rule, follow it …………..  forget it.
10. Hari was watering the plants …………..  I happened to cross by his house.

Solution:

1. and
2. but
3. Although
4. than
5. that
6. unless
7. when
8. Since
9. or
10. when

Question 2:
Join the sentences in List I with those in List II using suitable conjunctions.

Solution:
(i) She used the cup and kept it on the shelf.
(ii) Farmer was weeping because the crop was lost.
(iii) Leaders must work or they should denounce.
(iv) She was depressed, yet she didn’t approve of it.
(v) He studied hard but failed everytime.
(vi) We cannot use it because/since it is not owned by us.
(vii) Vidhi uses this system when/if gobody is using it.
(viii) Gaurav likes movies very much but not Hollywood movies.
(ix) Their home has not been renovated for many years, still it manages to look nice.
(x) Either you do this or I will have to do.

Question 3:
Find out the correct conjunction according to the context of the sentences.

1. Tapasya is a little snobbish and/but is very beautiful at heart.
2. I like the show, so/because I stay late up to watch it.
3. Either Karan or/nor Arjun will win the battle.
4. This phone is very expensive where/hence you should use it with utmost care.
5. We could not work further yet/because the electricity broke down.
6. He had an affectionate and/or polite manners towards her.
7. We can’t rely on him if/unless he proves himself.
8. Although/otherwise she is smart, she has to prepare some matter for the competition.
9. None is guilty and/but how will it be proved?
10. Rose grows on land neverthless/whereas lotus grows in water. !

Solution:

1. but
2. so
3. or
4. hence
5. because
6. and
7. unless
8. Although
9. but
10. whereas

Question 4:
Given below are a few sentences. After or before every sentence a conjunction has been provided. Write a suitable sentence using the conjunction and your own ideas.

1. I have watched almost all the episodes of Byomkesh Bakshi. still …………..
2. Although …………..  Gauri managed to search office on time.
3. God will not bless you unless …………..
4. Since ………….. I could not answer any of his calls.
5. Mayuri Kango was doing well in her initial movies. But …………..

Solution:

1. I want to watch them again.
2. there was a huge traffic jam on the way yesterday.
3. you show persistence in your efforts.
4. I was busy in taking my brother to hospital.
5. she suddenly disappeared from the film industry.

Question 5:
Choose the correct option from given below:

1. Everyone wants a corruption free country …………..  nobody wants to stop corruption.
   (a) however
   (b) because
   (c) since
   (d) but
2. I admire her …………..  she exhibits stead fast opinions on any matter.
   (a) because
   (b) until
   (c) between
   (d) and
3. Nidhi scored very well …………..  she fell ill just before her exams.
   (a) but
   (b) when
   (c) since
   (d) although
4. A salesman needs to be very polite to his customers …………..  they are complaining about something.
   (a) when
   (b) even if
   (c) until
   (d) as soon as
5. The man walked …………..  he had been drunken.
   (a) hardly
   (b) so that
   (c) as though
   (d) moreover
6. All the contestants will get some or the other gift hamper …………..  they fulfil the basic criteria and clear at least the first sound.
   (a) hence
   (b) provided
   (c) next
   (d) because
7. You have to stop writing …………..  the bell rings.
   (a) even if
   (b) since
   (c) unless
   (d) as soon as
8. They will not do anything …………..  I instruct them.
   (a) till
   (b) when
   (c) until
   (d) whenever
9. ………….. people are free from any biases, they will make some progress.
   (a) till
   (b) when
   (c) as long as
   (d) however
10. ………….. You walk further, you will find a marsh-land.
    (a) Also
    (b) Unless
    (c) As
    (d) Wherever

Solution:

1. (d)
2. (a)
3. (d)
4. (b)
5. (c)
6. (b)
7. (d)
8. (c)
9. (b)
10. (c)

Question 6:
In each of the following examples, out of four options, only one sentence is grammatically correct. Identify the correct sentence and mark its number as your answer.

1. (a) Since you are at the head position, you own the responsibility.
   (b) Since you are at the head position then you own the responsibility.
   (c) Unless you are at the head position, you own the responsibility.
   (d) Because you are at the head position, therefore you own the responsibility.
2. (a) George is a huge and heavy man since not in intellect.
   (b) George is a huge and heavy man, but not in intellect.
   (c) George is a huge and heavy man since not in intellect.
   (d) George is a huge and heavy man where in intellect.
3. (a) He will blow a whistle as well as he reaches the top.
   (b) He will blow a whistle since he reaches the top.
   (c) He will blow a whistle although he reaches the top.
   (d) He will blow a whistle as soon as he reaches the top.
4. (a) Samira gave a loud cry as she saw a snake in the yard.
   (b) Samira gives a loud cry when she saw a snake in the yard.
   (c) Samira gave a loud cry before she saw a snake in the yard.
   (d) Samira gives a loud cry before she saw a snake in the yard.
5. (a) Dolly opened the door or took milk from the milkman.
   (b) Dolly opened the door but took milk from the milkman.
   (c) Dolly opened the door and took milk from the milkman.
   (d) Dolly opened the door because took milk from the milkman.

Solution:

1. (a)
2. (b)
3. (d)
4. (a)
5. (c)

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Adjective

Definition of Adjective
A word which is used with a noun or a pronoun to describe it (description may be of its type, place, number or amount) is known as an Adjective.
Now, look at following sentences.

1.  Ramesh is intelligent.
2.  An intelligent boy won the quiz.

In both sentences, ‘intelligent’ is used to describe the quality of noun so it is adjective in both sentences. On the basis of use in sentence, we can describe it in following two ways

1. In first sentence, ‘intelligent’ is used as a part of predicate, so it is said to be used ‘predicatively’.
2. In second sentence, ‘intelligent’ is used to describe the attribute of noun, so it is said to be used ‘attributively’.
   Note Some adjectives like ‘afraid’, ‘well’ etc can be used only predicatively.

Kinds of Adjective
Adjectives are of following three kinds

1. Adjective of Quantity
2. Adjective of Number (Numeral Adjective)
3. Adjective of Quality
   

Adjective
Adjective of Quantity Adjective of Number Adjective of Quality (Numeral Adjective)
Adjective of Quantity
Adjective of quantity shows how much of anything is described,
e.g.

1.  She has ‘some’ time.
2.  Sheela has ‘little’ patience.

Adjective of Number (Numeral Adjective)

Adjective of number shows how many persons or things are described. It also shows the order of any person or thing.
e.g.

1.  There are ‘three’ halls in the palace.
2.  ‘All’ students will pass this year.

Adjective of Quality
Adjective of quality shows the kind of quality of any person or thing that means it describes the attribute of any person or thing,
e.g.

1.  Sapna is an ‘honest’ girl.
2.  You are a ‘foolish’ man.

Practice Questions and Solutions

Question 1:
Fill in the blanks with suitable adjectives.

1.  There were ………….. students in class.
2.  Never touch a ………….. wire.
3.  The tree is very  …………..
4.  I have ………….. money now.
5.  I want to read ………….. articles related to Everest journey.

Solution:

1.  many
2. live
3. tall
4. no
5.  every

Question 2:
Fill in the blanks with correct comparative or superlative forms.

1.  Are you feeling ………….. now? (good)
2.  May was the ………….. month of the year, (hot)
3.  Sheela is the ………….. than her sister.(beautiful)
4.  Yogesh is the ………….. of the two. (wise)
5.  You are the ………….. boy in class. (regular)

Solution:

1.  better
2. hottest
3.  more beautiful
4.  wiser
5.  most regular

Question 3:
Fill in the blanks with suitable adjectives given in the box below.

1.  I know ………….. tricks of solving this quiz.
2.  She is really a ………….. girl.
3.  I want to see a ………….. whale.
4.  Kolkata is a ………….. city.
5.  ………….. letters are missing from the bag.

Solution:

1.  all
2.  pretty
3.  blue
4.  big
5.  Some

Question 4:
Indicate correct or incorrect in the sentences given below.

1. You are a wisest boy.
2.  She is a cleverer girl.
3.  I saw a longest tree.
4.  You are better than him.
5.  She is the most beautiful lady in hall.

Solution:

1.  Use‘wise’ in place of ‘wisest’.
2.  Use ‘clever’ in place of ‘cleverer’.
3.  Use ‘tall’ in place of ‘longest’.
4.  Correct
5.  Correct

Question 5:
Indicate correct or incorrect in following sentences.

1.  I am best than you.
2.  She is more better than any other girl.
3.  I want a milk.
4.  She is an attractive girl.
5.  I want a good company.

Solution:

1.  Incorrect, use ‘better’ in place of ‘best’.
2.  Incorrect, use ‘better’ in place of ‘more better’.
3.  Incorrect, use ‘some’ in place of ‘a’.
4.  Correct
5.  Correct

Question 6:
Choose the correct option to fill in the gaps.

1.  The mornings of winter are  …………..
   (a) lovely      (b) lovelier
   (c) loved      (d) loveliest
2.  These is …………… sugar in the bowl.
   (a) many      (b) large
   (c) some      (d) very
3.  The ………….. question is to arrange money today.
   (a) big          (b) bigger
   (c) biggest   (d) larger
4.  Which of the two pens, did you like  …………..
   (a) far           (b) more
   (c) most       (d) much
5.  Purvi is a ………….. girl.
   (a) intelligent      (b) cleverer
   (c) smarter          (d) smart

Solution:

1.  (a) lovely
2. (c) some
3.  (c) biggest
4.  (b) more
5.  (d) smart

Question 7:
In each of the following sentences, either an adverb or a noun form of a word has been used. However, there should have been an adjective of quality. Identify the word and replace it with the appropriate adjective form of it.
(One has been done for you.) e.g. The conference was held in a largely hall, ‘largely’ should be replaced with ‘large’

1.  Many bravely soldiers have sacrificed their lives to give us freedom.
2.  The picture hanging on the wall is very beautifully.
3.  You should be faith to your friends.
4.  This questions is too length. We will solve it later.
5. The book is a well, collection of poems.

Solution:

1.  ‘bravely’ should be replaced with ‘brave’,
2.  ‘beautifully’ should be replaced with ‘beautiful’,
3.  ’faith’ should be replaced with ‘faithful’.
4.  ’length’ should be replaced with ‘lengthy’.
5.  ‘well’ should be replaced with, ‘good’.

Question 8:
In each of the following sentences, a wrong adjective has been used to qualify the corresponding noun. Supply the correct adjective to make the sentence meaningful. (One has been done for you).
e.g. One who has big qualities is appreciated by everyone.
                    big –>good

1.  Nitika is dull enough to understand this quickly.
2.  Shivam was so cruel that he could not buy a house.
3.  Salt is a strange gift of nature.
4.  The room was black. He could not see anything.
5.  Most of the politicians are shameful. They work to fulfil their own interests.

Solution:

1.  dull intelligent
2.  cruel poor strange amazing
3.  black dark shameful selfish
4.  shameful selfish

Question 9:
In each of the following examples, a sentence has a blank and is followed by four options. Choose an appropriate option to fill in each gap.

1.  Drinking milk provides benefits like ………….. teeth, rehydration and improves vitamin intake.
   (a) wise         (b) foul
   (c) healthy    (d) smart
2.  He does not like ………….. food.
   (a) strong     (b) proper
   (c) freshly     (d) stale
3.  Hieun Tsang was a ………….. scholar,
   (a) great      (b) pretty
   (c) rich        (d) smart
4.  Armaan wants to change his …………..  job.
   (a) tall             (b) good
   (c) present     (d) courageous
5.  We should always try to become ………….. and respectful citizens.
   (a) beautiful     (b) big
   (c) serious        (d) honest

Solution:

1. (c) healthy
2. (d) stale
3. (a) great
4. (c) present
5. (d) honest

Question 10:
(Cloze Test)
Given below is a passage that has five blanks. Every blank has been numbered and below the passage the numbers are printed with four options each. Choose the appropriate option that suits the blank best. Pashmina is the …………..(1) type of cashmere wool. It was firstmade in Kashmir India. The word literally means ………….. (2) Gold in Kashmiri. Pashmina showls are liked by many people for their warmth. Their ………….. (3) quality is that they are very …………..(4) in weight. They give an ………….. (5) look and drape very nicely.

1.  (a) super           (b) good
   (c) finest           (d) nicer
2.  (a) hard            (b) soft
   (c) strong         (d) true
3.  (a) better          (b) interesting
   (c) best              (d) rich
4.  (a) wierd          (b) proper
   (c) hard             (d) light
5.  (a) elegaht       (b) sharp
   (c) intelligent   (d) former

Solution:

1.  (c) finest
2.  (b) soft
3.  (c) best
4.  (d) light
5.  (a) elegant

NCERT Solutions For Class 7 English – Chapter 1: The Tiny Teacher

NCERT Solutions For Class 7 English – Chapter 1: The Tiny Teacher – An Alien Hand Supplementary Reader

Comprehension Check (Page 3)

Question 1:
The story of an ant’s life sounds almost untrue.
The italicised phrase means

1. highly exaggerated.
2. too remarkable to be true.
3. not based on facts.

Answer:

1. highly exaggerated.

Question 2:
Complete the following sentences.

1. An ant is the smallest,________________________________
2. We know a number of facts about an ant’s life because________________________________

Answer:

1. insect we have seen.
2. people have kept the ants as pets and watched their behaviour closely.

Question 3:
In what ways is an ant’s life peaceful?
Answer:
The ants live in peace because each one does its share of work honestly, wisely and bravely. They don’t interfere in the work given to others. They never fight in their group.

Comprehension Check (Page 5)

1. How long does it take for a grub to become a complete ant?
2. Why do the worker ants carry the grubs about?
3. What jobs are new ants trained for?
4. Name some other creatures that live in anthills.
5. Mention three things we can learn from the ‘tiny teacher’. Give reasons for choosing these items.

Answers:

1. The grubs take in three to six weeks to become cocoons and then to be a complete ant.
2. The grubs are carried about daily for airing, exercise and sunshine.
3. The new ants learn their duties from old ants as workers, soldiers, builders, cleaners, etc.
4. Some other creatures that live in anthills are beetles, lesser breeds of ants and the open fly.
5. We can learn from the tiny ants the lessons of hard work, sense of duty and discipline, cleanliness, loyalty and care for the young ones. These lessons are necessary for the happiness and smooth working of the society.

Exercise

Discuss the following topics in groups.

Question 1:

1. What problems are you likely to face if you keep ants as pets?
2.  When a group of bees finds nectar, it informs other bees of its location, quantity, etc. through dancing. Can you guess what ants communicate to their fellow ants by touching one another’s feelers?

Answer:

1. Keeping ants as pets is very uncommon or rare. The reason is that they don’t take orders. They follow their own rules. Above all, they bite and spoil the food.
2. By touching one another’s feelers, the ants give message to others about new-found food.

Question 2:
Complete the following poem with words from the box below.
Soldiers live in barracks
And birds in (a)___________________ ,
Much like a snake that rests
In a (b)__________________ . No horse is able
To sleep except in a (c)____________________ .
And a dog lives well,
Mind you, only in a (d)____________________ .
To say *hi’ to an ant if you will,
You may have to climb an (e)____________________ .
hole,     kennel,     nests,     anthill,     stable
Answer:
(a) nests
(b) hole
(c) stable
(d) kennel
(e) anthill.

More Questions Solved

I. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1:
Who looks after the grubs and how?
Answer:
Soldiers and workers look after the grubs. Soldiers guard them. Workers feed and clean them, and also carry them about daily for airing, exercise and sunshine.

Question 2:
How much time do grubs take for becoming cocoons? What do the cocoons do after that?
Answer:
Grubs take two or three weeks for becoming cocoons. After that cocoons lie with- out-food or activity for three weeks more. Then they break and perfect ants ap­pear.

Question 3:
Why do ants want alien creatures to live in their nests?
Answer:
Some give off smell pleasant to the ants’ senses; others give sweet juices; and some are just pets or playthings like cats and dogs to human beings.

Question 4:
Why do the ants train the greenfly?
Answer:
The greenfly is the ants’ cow. The ants train it to give honeydew (like milk) with a touch of their antennae. They milk it just as we milk the cow.

Question 5:
What are the functions of feelers or antennae for an ant?
Answer:
An ant uses its feelers or antennae to talk to other ants. It passes messages through them. It greets other ants by touching one another’s feelers.

Question 6:
What do you know about worker ants?
Answer:
Worker ants live in their reserved quarters. They search for food most of their time. They do only their own share of work.

II. Long Answer Type Questions 

Question 1:
What do you know about the homes of the ants?
Answer:
The homes of the ants are called ‘nests’ or ‘anthills’. Each nest has hundreds of little rooms and passages. The queen ant lays eggs in some of the rooms. Other rooms serve as nurseries for the gurbs ( young ants). Some rooms serve as store houses for food. Some rooms serve as reserved quarters for workers or barracks for soldiers. Cleaners also live in the nests.

Question 2:
What do you know about the queen ant?
Answer:
The queen ant is known as the ‘Mother Ant’. It has a pair of wings. It bites them off after its ‘wedding fight’. This fight takes place on a hot summer day. The queen leaves the nest and goes out to meet a male ant, or drone, high up in the air. On its return to earth, it gets rid of its wings and then does nothing but lay eggs.

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NCERT Solutions For Class 7 English –  Chapter 2: Bringing Up Kari

NCERT Solutions For Class 7 English – Chapter 2: Bringing Up Kari – An Alien Hand Supplementary Reader

Exercise (Page 14)

Answer the following questions:

Question 1:
The enclosure in which Kari lived had a thatched roof that lay on thick tree stumps.
Examine the illustration of Kari’s pavilion on page 8 and say why it was built that way.
Answer:
Kari’s pavilion was built under a thatched roof having its support on a thick tree trunk. The support was necessary to save the roof from falling down when he moved about and bumped against the bamboo poles.

Question 2:
Did Kari enjoy his morning bath on the river? Give a reason for your answer.
Answer:
Yes, Kari loved to be taken to the river for his bath. He lay down on the sand bank. The narrator rubbed his body with clean sand. Then he washed his body with water. He used to make sounds joyfully.

Question 3:
Finding good twigs for Kari took a long time. Why?
Answer:
The narrator had to work hard to gather soft new twigs for Kari. He had to climb all kinds of trees. If the twigs were deformed, Kari refused to eat them.

Question 4:
Why did Kari push his friend into the stream?
Answer:
Kari pushed his friend (the narrator) into the stream because a boy was drowning in the water. Kari himself could not save and carry the boy to the shore.

Question 5:
Kari was like a baby. What are the main points of comparison?
Answer:
Kari was like a human baby. He had to be taught a few lessons to become good. Like a baby he too played some mischief. He used to steal away the fruits from the dining-table.

Question 6:
Kari helped himself to all the bananas in the house without anyone noticing it. How did he do it?
Answer:
Kari was a mischievous but intelligent creature. He started taking away the bananas kept on the dining-table. He used his black long trunk to steal fruits, through the window.

Question 7:
Kari learnt the commands to sit and to walk. What were the instructions for each command?
Answer:
Kari learnt the commands to sit down or stand up and walk fast or slow. The word “Dhat” was the command to sit down. The word ‘Mali’ was the command to walk.

Question 8:
What is “the master call?” Why is it the most important signal for an elephant to learn?
Answer:
The master-call was a strange kind of hissing like a snake and howling like a tiger. It sounded like a fight between a snake and a tiger. The sound had to be made in the elephant’s ear. It was a necessary signal for Kari to uproot trees and make a passage through the dense forest for the house.

I. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Question 1:
How old were Kari (the elephant) and the narrator?
Answer:
Kari, the elephant, was five months old when he was given to the narrator. The narrator was nine years old then.

Question 2:
What did Kari eat and how much?
Answer:
Kari ate twigs. He did not eat much. Still he needed forty pounds of it daily. He chewed the twigs and played with them.

Question 3:
What did the narrator do with the hatchet?
Answer:
The narrator had to bring some luscious twigs for Kari’s dinner. He used to cut down the twigs with a very sharp hatchet.

Question 4:
Why did the narrator climb the trees?
Answer:
The narrator had to get twigs for Kari. The most tender and delicate twigs were found on the trees. So he used to climb the trees.

Question 5:
Why was it necessary to train kari to he good?
Answer:
Kari was like a naughty boy. He took pleasure in making mischief. Therefore, he had to be trained to be good.

Question 6:
Who were wrongly blamed for the theft of the bananas?
Answer:
The bananas were stolen again and again. First of all, the narrator’s family blamed the servants for eating all the fruit. The next time, the narrator himself was blamed for the theft. Both the narrator and the servants were wrongly blamed. Kari used to steal the bananas every time.

Question 7:
What did the narrator do when he found Kari stealing the bananas?
Answer:
The narrator found Kari stealing the bananas. He pulled out Kari from the pavilion by the ear. He showed Kari to his parents. He also scloded the elephant.

II. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Question 1:
Give a character sketch of Kari.
Answer:
Kari, the elephant lived in a pavilion under a thatched roof. Once he saved the life of a drowning boy with the narrator’s help. He was fond of eating luscious twigs. He enjoyed rolling in sand and bathing in the river. He was a sensible elephant. He made a call to the narrator when he saw a boy drowning in the river. He helped the narrator fully in bringing out the drowning child. He was a naughty elephant. He took pleasure in making mischief. He had to be a great love for ripe bananas. He used to steal the bananas. Soon he was found out stealing the bananas. When the narrator scolded him his ego was hurt. He never stole anything in future. He was willing to be punished for his wrong. He was a slow but good learner like a child.

Question 2:
Give the character sketch of the narrator.
Answer:
The narrator was a boy of nine years when the five months old Kari was given to him. They grew together. He was not a good swimmer. However, he saved the life of a drowning boy with the help of the elephant. He grew friendly with the elephant. He climbed up the trees to get luscious twigs for Kari. He took Kari to the river and rubbed him with clean sand. He cut the twigs with a sharp hatchet. He always heeded to the elephant’s call. He was a boy of ego. He got angry with his parents when they blamed him for the theft of the bananas. He was a good observer. Soon he discovered that Kari was the thief. He pulled Kari by the ear and scolded him in harsh language. He learnt how to make the elephant sit down, walk, go fast or go fast or go slow by saying ‘D hat’and ‘Mali’.

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NCERT Solutions For Class 7 English – Chapter 3: The Desert

NCERT Solutions For Class 7 English – Chapter 3: The Desert – An Alien Hand Supplementary Reader

Comprehension Check (Page 16)

Question 1:
From the first paragraph
(i) pick out two phrases which describe the desert as most people believe it is;
(ii) Pick out two phrases which describe the desert as specialists see it.
Which do you think is an apt description, and why?
Answer:
(i) an endless stretch of sand; water less and without shelter.
(ii) a beautiful place; the home of a variety of people, animals and plants Description (ii) is apt. Human experience tells us so.

Question 2:

Answer:

Comprehension Check (Page 19)

Question 1:
A camel can do without water for days together. What is the reason given in the text?
Answer:
The reason is that the camel sweats very little. It can therefore retain the water it drinks for long periods of time.

Question 2:
How do the smaller desert animals fulfill their need for water?
Answer:
The smaller desert animals spend the day in the underground burrows to escape the heat. Some of them eat other animals and get the water they need from the moisture in the meat. Others eat plants and get the water they need from plant juices.

Question 3:
In a desert the temperature rises during the day and falls rapidly at night. Why?
Answer:
In humid climates, the air has moisture that protects the earth’s surface from the heat of the sun. Since deserts have no moisture cover, they heat up rapidly during the day and cool off rapidly at night.

Exercise (Page 19)

Do the following activities in group

Question 1:
Describe a desert in your own way. Write a paragraph and read it aloud to your classmates.
Answer:
A desert is usually a dry, hot and horrifying place. That is why only the nomads and camels in a small number live there. Of course, there are green patches also near the water spring. These places are called oases. The deserts occupy vast areas. In India the hot desert of Rajasthan can also be turned into fertile agricultural land provided we take water over there through canals.

Question 2:
Go to the library and collect information about the lifestyle of people in desert areas- their food, clothes, work, social customs, etc.Show this information with the group.
Answer:
The nomads are homeless people in desert areas. They keep shifting to places where they can get food and fodder. Their life is very hard. They use camels for transportation. They eat mainly meat and dates. They weave their clothes from the wool of camel or sheep. Their life style is very simple. They look to the sky for rain water. Thev have developed their own customs.

MORE QUESTIONS SOLVED

I. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Question 1:
Who finds it difficult to imagine what a desert is Uke?
Answer:
Some people living in regions covered with forests and surrounded with hills find it difficult to imagine what a desert is like.

Question 2:
What happens when it rains in deserts?
Answer:
Rains are rare in the deserts. Whenever it rains, desert flowers start blooming The sight becomes as rewarding as that of any tropical garden.

Question 3:
What is an oasis? How is it useful for desert plants?
Answer:
An oasis is like a green island in the middle of a desert where a spring or a well gives plants and trees a better chance to grow.

Question 4:
How do desert plants and animals differ from most plants and animals?
Answer:
Desert plants and animals have developed the ability to require less water than most plants and animals.

II. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Question 1:
How do the desert plants fulfill their need for water?
Answer:
Some desert plants adopt themselves to the life they lead. The cactus plants have thick stems. They store water in them. Their roots lie close to the surface of the ground. The roots quickly absorb the moisture from the light rains that occasionally fall. In this way, their fulfill their need for water. A few plants that live in deserts have developed the ability to require less water than most plants in other regions.

NCERT SolutionsMathsScienceSocialEnglishSanskritHindiRD Sharma

NCERT Solutions For Class 7 English – Chapter 4: The Cop and the Anthem

NCERT Solutions For Class 7 English – Chapter 4: The Cop and the Anthem – An Alien Hand Supplementary Reader

Exercise (Page 29)

Answer the following Questions.

Question 1:
What are some of the signs of approaching winter referred to in the text?
Answer:
The signs of the approaching winter are the movement of birds to warm south, the woollens needed by people and the dead leaves covering the ground.

Question 2:
Write ‘True’ or ‘False’ against each of the following:
(i) Soapy did not want to go to prison.                                                                                           __________
(ii) Soapy had been to prison several times.                                                                                 __________
(iii) It was not possible for Soapy to survive in the city through the winter.                          __________
(iv) Soapy hated to answer questions of a personal nature.                                                      __________
Answer:
(i) False (ii) True (iii)  True (iv) True

Question 3:
What was Soapy’s first plan? Why did it not work?
Answer:
He would go to eat at restaurant and would then tell them he had no money. They would immediately call a cop who would arrest him. But as soon as he put his foot inside the restaurant, the waiters blocked his entry. Thus his first plan did not work.

Question 4:
“But the cop’s mind would not consider Soapy”. What did the cop not consider, and why?
Answer:
The policeman did not believe that Soapy had broken the window glass. The reason was that no such criminal would stop and talk to a policeman.

Question 5:
“We have orders to let them shout.” What is the policeman referring to?
Answer:
The policeman means to say that he had got orders not to arrest the unruly and shouting college students.

Question 6:
Write ‘True’ or ‘False’ against each of the following.
(i) Soapy stole a man’s umbrella. _________
(ii) The owner of the umbrella offered to give it to Soapy. _________
(iii) The man had stolen the umbrella that was now Soapy’s. _________
(iv) Soapy threw away the umbrella.   _________
Answer:
(i) True (ii) True (iii) True {iv) True.

Question 7:
“There was a sudden and wonderful change in his soul”. What brought about the change on Soapy?
Answer:
The sight of the home where Soapy had spent his childhood suddenly changed his outlook. The old memories of his mother and the sweet music revived his love for a decent life. He decided to work and become somebody in life.

Discuss the following topics in groups.

Question 1:
Suppose no cop came at the end. What would Soapy’s life be like through the winter?
Answer:
In case Soapy was not arrested and sent to prison he would have started a new life. He might have taken up some job and lived like a normal gentleman. But through the winter he might have faced the icy winds.

Question 2:
Retell an episode in the story which is a good example of irony in a situation.
Answer:
Soapy was keen to be sent to prison for the three cold months. He made several attempts to get arrested. But none of his plans worked. Finally, when he decided to live a decent life honestly, he was arrested. Such an episode is ironical.

MORE QUESTIONS SOLVED

I. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Question 1:
Why did Soapy move restlessly on his seat?
Answer:
Soapy was a homeless and jobless man. Cold winter was approaching fast. He was lying on his seat in Madison Square. He had to find some way to face the cold. Therefore, he moved restlessly on his seat.

Question 2:
What were Soapy’s hopes for the winter?
Answer:
Soapy did not have high hopes for the winter. He had no thought of sailing away on a ship. He was not thinking of southern skies or of the Bay of Naples. He hoped to spend three months in the prison on Blackwell’s Island.

Question 3:
Why did Soapy not like to go to his known persons?
Answer:
Soapy didn’t want to go to his known persons because he thought that they would ask personal questions from him. And he was not ready to answer all their questions about his life.

Question 4:
Why did Soapy like to go to the prison?
Answer:
Soapy was a man of ego. He thought that a gentleman’s own life was still his own life in prison. He considered the prison a better place than the houses of his known people. Therefore, he liked to go to the prison where he would get both food and shelter during the cold weather.

Question 5:
Why did Soapy hope to get food at a large and brightly lighted restaurant?
Answer:
Soapy looked all right above his legs. His face was clean. His coat was good enough.The part of his body that would be seen above the table would look all right. So he hoped to get food at a large and brightly lighted restaurant.

II. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Question 1:
Which ways did Soapy try to reach the prison in vain?
Answer:
Soapy put his foot inside a large and brightly lighted restaurant door. The waiters turned him outside. Then Soapy threw a stone at the glass window of a shop in Sixth Avenue. A cop came there but he ran after another person leaving Soapy at the place where he was standing. Then Soapy reached another restaurant. It was meant for the poor people. After eating to his full he declared that he had no money. Two waiters threw him outside. A cop was standing nearby. He simply laughed and walked away. Then he shouted and danced like a drunken person outside a posh theatre. The cops spared him thinking that he was a college boy. Last of all he saw a man buying a newspaper at a shop. His umbrella stood beside the door. Luckily it was a stolen umbrella. Soapy took it. The man could neither claim it nor send Soapy to prison.

Question 2:
Give the character sketch of Soapy.
Answer:
Soapy was a homeless and jobless man. He needed a place to stay comfortably for three months during the approaching winter. He could get food and shelter at the houses of his known persons but he did not like to answer their odd questions and lose his freedom. He was a man of ego and considered himself a gentleman. He preferred to go to prison where he would follow the rules but live his own life. He made many attempts to get arrested. His luck failed at the restaurants. He was thrown outside but was not handed over to the police. He broke the glass of a window and stole an umbrella. He was arrested only after he had determined to lead an honourable life.

NCERT SolutionsMathsScienceSocialEnglishSanskritHindiRD Sharma